寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

Women

Buin

한글 부인  ·  Pinyin Fu Ren

Conception, pregnancy month by month, the ten kinds of birth, and everything that goes wrong before, during and after

婦人

The largest chapter in the book, and the one the Uterus chapter keeps sending its readers to. It opens with seeking an heir and says at once that the way to a child begins with regulating the menses — every childless woman the author has seen has had them out of order. What follows is a whole obstetrics. The ten months are taken one by one, each governed by a channel, with the embryo described as a dewdrop that reddens like a peach petal and then takes shape like white lint in clear mucus. Pregnancy is confirmed by the pulse and tested with a powder; the sex is read from the shape of the belly, from which breast has a knot, and from which way the mother turns her head when called. Then labour, with twelve kinds of birth named and the obstructed ones treated by pastes at the navel and powders of shed skins; the dead foetus and the retained placenta; the complications of pregnancy from convulsion to malaria; and the long section on what follows delivery, from blood collapse to the prolapsed womb. The chapter closes with the regimen of the lying-in month, the diet, the ordering of the birthing room by direction and day, the newborn's first emergencies, fifty-one simples and the acupuncture method.

1.1 Seeking an Heir 求嗣

1.1.1
Source원문

生人之道, 始於求子, 求子之法, 莫先調經. 每見婦人之無子者, 其經必或前或後, 或多或少, 或將行作痛, 或行後作痛, 或紫或黑, 或淡或凝而不調, 不調則血氣乖爭, 不能成孕. 《丹心》

Translation영역
The way of engendering a person begins with seeking a child, and in the method of seeking a child nothing comes before regulating the menses. Whenever I see a woman without a child, her menses are always out of order — early or late, scant or copious, painful before they come or after, purple or black, pale or clotted; and where they are out of order the blood and qi are at odds and strive against each other, and conception cannot form.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter opens on the claim it will keep returning to: infertility is a menstrual disorder until proven otherwise. 每見 — whenever I see — makes it an observation rather than a doctrine, and the list that follows is the same one the Uterus chapter sorts at 13.6. Regulating the cycle before attempting conception remains the first step in reproductive medicine, and the section's twenty-one formulas are almost all menstrual regulators.

Dansim 丹心

1.1.2
Source원문

求嗣之道, 婦人要經調, 男子要神足. 又寡慾淸心爲上策. 寡慾則不妄交合, 積氣儲精, 待時而動, 故能有子. 是以慾寡則神完, 不惟多子, 抑亦多壽. 《入門》

Translation영역
In the way of seeking an heir, the woman needs the menses regulated and the man needs the spirit sufficient. Further, sparing desire and clearing the heart is the best course. Sparing desire, there is no reckless intercourse; qi is accumulated and essence stored, and one acts when the time comes — and so there can be a child. Therefore where desire is sparing the spirit is whole, and there are not only many children but long life besides.
Clinical note임상 주석
Both partners are addressed, and the man's requirement is stated as plainly as the woman's. The Internal Damage chapter's Bojin-hwan at 1.21.2 and the Fire chapter's warnings on ministerial fire are the same argument from the other side.

Immun 入門

1.1.3
Source원문

男子陽精微薄, 則雖遇血海虛靜, 流而不能直射子宮, 多不成胎. 盖因平時嗜慾不節, 施泄太多. 宜補精元, 兼用靜工存養, 無令火動, 候陽精充實, 依時而合, 一擧而成矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a man's yang essence is thin and weak, though he meet the sea of blood empty and still, it flows but cannot shoot straight into the womb, and mostly no foetus forms. This comes of appetites without measure in ordinary times and too much discharge. The essence and origin should be supplemented, with quiet cultivation and preservation used alongside, letting no fire stir; wait until the yang essence is full and replete, join at the proper time, and it is done at one stroke.
Clinical note임상 주석
Male infertility described in its own terms — thin semen that does not carry — and attributed to overuse. The remedy is abstinence and supplementation, and 依時而合, joining at the proper time, points forward to the timing rules at 1.4. **Infertility requires investigation of both partners; semen analysis is the first test for the man.**

Immun 入門

1.1.4
Source원문

男子, 陽脫痿弱, 精冷而薄, 宜固本健陽丹ㆍ續嗣丹ㆍ溫腎丸ㆍ五子衍宗丸. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a man's yang has deserted and wilted, the essence cold and thin, Secure the Root and Fortify the Yang Elixir, Continue the Line Elixir, Warm the Kidney Pill and Five Seeds Multiply the Line Pill are appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.1.5
Source원문

男子脉微弱而澁, 爲無子, 精氣淸冷也. 宜陽起石元. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a man's pulse is faint, weak and rough, he is without child — the essential qi is clear and cold. Actinolite Pill is appropriate.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.1.6
Source원문

女宜鼓動微陽. 宜玉鑰啓榮丸ㆍ螽斯丸ㆍ煖宮螽斯丸.

Translation영역
A woman should have the faint yang roused and stirred: Jade Key Open the Glory Pill, Locust Swarm Pill and Warm the Palace Locust Swarm Pill are appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.1.7
Source원문

婦人無子, 多由血少不能攝精. 宜調養經血. 宜百子附歸丸ㆍ琥珀調經丸ㆍ加味養榮丸ㆍ加味益母丸ㆍ濟陰丹ㆍ勝金丹ㆍ調經種玉湯ㆍ先天歸一湯ㆍ神仙附益丹ㆍ調經養血元ㆍ溫經湯.

Translation영역
A woman without child is mostly so because the blood is scant and cannot take up the essence. The menstrual blood should be regulated and nourished: Hundred Sons Cyperus and Angelica Pill, Amber Regulate the Menses Pill, Augmented Nourish the Construction Pill, Augmented Motherwort Pill, Aid the Yin Elixir, Surpassing Gold Elixir, Regulate the Menses and Sow Jade Decoction, Before Heaven Return to One Decoction, Immortals' Cyperus and Motherwort Elixir, Regulate the Menses and Nourish the Blood Pill and Warm the Menses Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
血少不能攝精 — the blood scant and unable to take up the essence — is the mechanism, and every formula in the list nourishes or regulates blood. The chapter's reading of female infertility is that the ground is too poor for the seed to take, and the treatment prepares the ground.

Immun 入門

1.1.8
Source원문

婦人陰血衰弱, 雖投眞精, 不能攝入子宮, 雖交不孕, 雖孕不育. 是以男女配合, 必當其年. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a woman's yin blood is declined and weak, though the true essence be given, it cannot be taken into the womb; though there be intercourse there is no conception, and though there be conception there is no rearing. Therefore the union of man and woman must be at the proper age.
Clinical note임상 주석
雖孕不育 — though there be conception there is no rearing — recognizes early pregnancy loss as a form of infertility, which is a distinction the chapter maintains at 1.16. 必當其年, at the proper age, is the practical conclusion, and 1.2 says what the chapter means by it.

Immun 入門

1.1.9
Source원문

無子婦人瘦怯者, 乃子宮乾澁, 宜滋陰養血. 四物湯方見血門, 加香附ㆍ黃芩. 肥盛, 軀脂滿溢子宮, 宜行濕燥痰, 南星ㆍ半夏ㆍ川芎ㆍ滑石ㆍ防己ㆍ羌活, 或導痰湯方見痰門. 《丹心》

Translation영역
A childless woman who is thin and frail has a womb dry and rough; the yin should be enriched and the blood nourished — Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with cyperus and scutellaria added. One who is stout and full, with fat filling and overflowing the womb, should have damp moved and phlegm dried — arisaema, pinellia, chuanxiong, talc, stephania and notopterygium, or Abduct Phlegm Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two constitutions and two opposite treatments — the thin woman is nourished, the stout woman is dried. Danxi's reading that obesity fills the womb with fat and prevents conception has a modern parallel in the association between obesity and anovulation. The section thus ends where it began, with the cause located in the woman's body and the treatment matched to her build.

Dansim 丹心

1.2 The Method of Assessing a Woman 相女法

1.2.1
Source원문

未笄之婦, 陰氣未完, 慾盛之婦, 所生多女. 性行和者, 調經易挾, 性行妬者, 月水不勻, 相貌惡者, 刑重, 顔容美者, 福薄. 太肥脂滿子宮, 太瘦子宮無血, 俱不宜子, 不可不知. 《入門》

Translation영역
A woman not yet of hairpin age has the yin qi not yet whole; a woman of exuberant desire bears mostly daughters. One of mild nature and conduct has her menses easily regulated; one of jealous nature has her menses uneven; one of ill looks has a heavy fate; one of fine features has thin fortune. The very stout has fat filling the womb; the very thin has a womb without blood — neither is suited to bearing, and this must be known.
Clinical note임상 주석
A section of its period, and the physiognomy in it — heavy fate for ill looks, thin fortune for beauty — is recorded as the source has it. What survives is the first line and the last: too young, too stout, too thin. The Uterus chapter's 13.15 treats the harm of early marriage from the bleeding side, and this section is the Bogam's only direct statement of a minimum age.

Immun 入門

1.3 Pulse Method 脉法

1.3.1
Source원문

求嗣之脉, 專責於尺. ○右尺偏旺, 火動好色. ○左尺偏旺, 陰虛非福. ○惟沈滑勻, 易爲生息. ○微澁精淸, 兼遲冷極. ○若見微濡, 入房無力. ○女不好生, 亦尺脉濇. 《回春》

Translation영역
The pulse for seeking an heir is charged wholly to the cubit. Where the right cubit is one-sidedly effulgent, fire stirs and there is fondness for sex. Where the left cubit is one-sidedly effulgent, the yin is vacuous and it is no blessing. Only sunken, slippery and even is easy for engendering life. Faint and rough, the essence is clear; with slowness besides, the cold is extreme. If faint and soggy is seen, there is no strength for the bedchamber. Where a woman does not readily bear, her cubit pulse is likewise rough.
Clinical note임상 주석
Both cubits, both partners, and one favourable finding: 沈滑勻, sunken, slippery and even. Every other reading is a fault, and they are assigned by side — right for fire, left for yin. The Hoechun gives this as a verse, which is why the clauses are marked off with circles.

Hoechun 回春

1.3.2
Source원문

男子脉微弱而澁, 爲無子, 精氣淸冷也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a man's pulse is faint, weak and rough, he is without child — the essential qi is clear and cold.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.4 Conception 胎孕

1.4.1
Source원문

凡欲求嗣, 必先視其婦之經脉調否. 其或未調, 必以藥而調之, 經脉旣調, 宜以人事副之, 按其法而行之, 庶不失其候也. 盖婦人月經方絶, 金水纔生, 此時子宮正開, 乃受精結胎之候, 妙合太和之時, 過此佳期, 則子宮閉而不受胎矣. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Whoever wishes to seek an heir must first look to whether the woman's menstrual vessels are regulated. If not yet regulated, they must be regulated with medicine; once regulated, human affairs should second it, proceeding according to the method, and the season will then not be missed. When a woman's menses have just ceased and the metal water is newly engendered, the womb at that time is properly open — this is the season for receiving essence and binding a foetus, the time of the subtle union of the great harmony. Past this fine season the womb closes and does not receive.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter locates the fertile window immediately after the menses end, which is early by modern reckoning but not wrong in direction — it is the follicular phase, and the window it names runs into it. 金水纔生, the metal water newly engendered, means the fresh blood the Uterus chapter describes at 13.4.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.4.2
Source원문

月經行後, 一日三日五日交會者成男, 二日四日六日交會者成女, 過此則不孕矣. 亦要在子時後方可也. 《正傳》

Translation영역
After the menses have passed, intercourse on the first, third or fifth day makes a boy; on the second, fourth or sixth day makes a girl; past that there is no conception. It must also be after the ja hour to be proper.
Clinical note임상 주석
Odd days for a boy, even days for a girl — yang numbers and yin numbers. The scheme is numerological and the chapter records it three times in this section with small variations. What is worth keeping is the limit: 過此則不孕, past the sixth day there is no conception. The window is short and early, and that much matches the physiology.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.4.3
Source원문

婦人經水來時, 有兩日半淨者, 三日而淨者, 亦有女人血旺氣盛, 六七日淨者. 但觀寶田經水之顔色何如耳. 乃以潔白之物或綿或帛, 夾之于戶口, 取而目之. 金色者, 佳期也. 鮮紅者, 未淨不及也. 淺淡者, 太過也. 惟以敗血去淨, 新血生如金者, 爲佳期, 此時交合, 無不成矣. 《回春》

Translation영역
When a woman's menses come, some are clean after two and a half days, some after three; and there are women of effulgent blood and exuberant qi who are clean after six or seven. Only look at what colour the menstrual water of the precious field is. Take something clean and white, cotton or silk, hold it at the door of the household, and take it out and look. Golden means the fine season. Fresh red means not yet clean — too early. Pale and thin means too late. Only when the spoiled blood has gone clean and the new blood is engendered like gold is it the fine season; intercourse at this time never fails.
Clinical note임상 주석
A practical test rather than a calendar rule — the discharge is examined on a white cloth and the colour read. Golden is the sign, fresh red is too soon, pale is too late. 寶田, the precious field, is the womb. The instruction to look rather than to count sits oddly beside the numerology above it, and it is the more usable of the two.

Hoechun 回春

1.4.4
Source원문

夫人之始生也, 血海始淨, 一日二日三日, 精勝其血則爲男子, 四日五日六日, 血脉已旺, 精不勝血則爲女子. 乃二物相薄, 長先身生謂之神, 又謂之精, 道與釋二門, 謂之本來面目, 是也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
When a person first comes into being, the sea of blood has just become clean; on the first, second or third day the essence prevails over the blood and it becomes a boy; on the fourth, fifth or sixth day the blood vessels are already effulgent and the essence does not prevail over the blood, and it becomes a girl. The two substances press against each other, and what grows before the body is born is called the spirit, and also the essence — what the two schools of Dao and Buddha call the original face. This is it.
Clinical note임상 주석
Dongwon's version of the timing rule differs from the Jeongjeon's — three days rather than alternate days — and 1.9.1.5 below records Danxi objecting to both. 本來面目, the original face, is Chan Buddhism's phrase for one's nature before birth. That a medical text reaches for it here shows how seriously the chapter takes the moment of conception.

Dongwon 東垣

1.4.5
Source원문

欲求子者, 但待婦人月經絶後, 一日三日五日, 擇其旺相日, 如春甲乙, 夏丙丁, 秋庚辛, 冬壬癸, 以生氣時, 夜半後, 乃施瀉, 有子皆男, 必壽而賢明. 二日四日六日, 施瀉, 有子必女, 過六日後, 勿爲施瀉可也. 《得效》

Translation영역
One who wishes for a child need only wait until the woman's menses have ceased, and on the first, third or fifth day, choosing an effulgent day — as gap and eul in spring, byeong and jeong in summer, gyeong and sin in autumn, im and gye in winter — at the hour of engendering qi after midnight, then discharge; the child will in every case be a boy, and long-lived and wise besides. Discharging on the second, fourth or sixth day, the child will be a girl. After the sixth day it is proper not to discharge.
Clinical note임상 주석
The third statement of the rule, now with the day-stems of the season added. Three sources, three versions, and the chapter sets them side by side without choosing.

Deukhyo 得效

1.5 What to Avoid in the Union of Yin and Yang 陰陽交合避忌

1.5.1
Source원문

凡男女交會, 當避丙丁日, 及弦望晦朔, 大風, 大雨, 大霧, 大寒, 大暑, 大雷電, 大霹靂, 天地晦冥, 日月薄蝕, 虹霓, 地動, 則損人神, 不吉. 損男百倍, 令女得病, 有子必癲痴, 頑愚, 瘖瘂聾聵, 攣跛, 盲眇, 多病短壽, 不孝不仁. 又避日月星辰, 火光之下, 神廟佛寺之中, 井竈圊厠之側, 塚墓尸柩之傍, 皆所不可. 夫交合如法, 則有福德, 大智善人, 降詫胎中, 仍令性行調順, 家道日隆. 若不如法, 則薄福, 愚痴惡人, 來詫胎中, 令性行凶險, 所作不成, 家道日否. 禍福之應, 有如影響, 可不戒哉. 《千金》

Translation영역
In the union of man and woman, the byeong and jeong days should be avoided, and the half moons, the full moon, the dark of the moon and the new moon; great wind, great rain, great fog, great cold, great heat, great thunder and lightning, great thunderbolts, heaven and earth darkened, sun and moon eclipsed, rainbows, earthquakes — these damage a person's spirit and are inauspicious. They damage the man a hundredfold and make the woman fall ill; a child conceived will surely be insane or slow, stubborn and dull, mute or deaf, crippled or lame, blind or one-eyed, sickly and short-lived, unfilial and unkind. Also avoid the light of sun, moon and stars, firelight, the interior of shrines and temples, the side of wells, stoves and privies, and the vicinity of tombs and coffins — all are forbidden. When union is according to the method there is blessing and virtue, and a person of great wisdom and goodness descends into the womb, so that nature and conduct are ordered and the way of the household prospers daily. When it is not according to the method, fortune is thin, and a foolish and evil person comes into the womb, so that nature and conduct are vicious, undertakings fail and the way of the household declines daily. The answering of calamity and blessing is as shadow and echo — how can one not be careful?
Clinical note임상 주석
Sun Simiao's prohibitions, given in full. The circumstances listed are of two kinds — disturbed weather and improper places — and the consequence attributed is a damaged child. The chapter includes this because it held the state of the parents at conception to shape the child, and 1.11 below follows from the same premise. Modern reading sees no mechanism in the list; it does recognize the underlying concern, which is that the parents' condition at conception matters.

Cheongeum 千金

1.6 Nourishing the Foetus Through Ten Months 十月養胎

1.6.1
Source원문

婦人懷胎, 一月之時, 足厥陰脉養, ○二月足少陽脉養, ○三月手心主脉養, ○四月手少陽脉養, ○五月足太陰脉養, ○六月足陽明脉養, ○七月手太陰脉養, ○八月手陽明脉養, ○九月足少陰脉養, ○十月足太陽脉養.

Translation영역
When a woman carries a child: in the first month the foot reverting yin vessel nourishes it; in the second, the foot lesser yang; in the third, the hand heart governor; in the fourth, the hand lesser yang; in the fifth, the foot greater yin; in the sixth, the foot yang brightness; in the seventh, the hand greater yin; in the eighth, the hand yang brightness; in the ninth, the foot lesser yin; in the tenth, the foot greater yang.
Clinical note임상 주석
Ten months, ten channels, one each — the scheme the ten subsections that follow expand. Two channels are left out, and the next passage says which and why. The order alternates foot and hand and runs through the five phases, beginning with wood.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.6.2
Source원문

諸陰陽各養三十日活兒, 手太陽少陰, 不養者, 下主月水, 上爲乳汁, 活兒養母.

Translation영역
Each of the yin and yang channels nourishes the living child for thirty days; the hand greater yang and lesser yin do not nourish, because below they govern the menstrual water and above they make the milk — they keep the child alive by nourishing the mother.
Clinical note임상 주석
The heart and small intestine are excused from the rota because they have another job: the menses before pregnancy and the milk after it. That is the chapter's account of why the menses stop and the milk comes — one substance redirected.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.6.3
Source원문

四時之令, 始于春木, 故胎養始於肝膽也. 《良方》

Translation영역
The commands of the four seasons begin with the wood of spring, and so the nourishing of the foetus begins with the liver and gallbladder.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.6.4
Source원문

姙婦不可灸刺其經. 必墮胎. 《良方》

Translation영역
A pregnant woman must not be needled or moxaed on the channel of the month; it will surely bring down the foetus.
Clinical note임상 주석
The scheme has a practical consequence: the channel nourishing the foetus in a given month is not to be treated in that month. The acupuncture section at 1.51 carries the same rule.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.6.1 The First Month 一月

1.6.1.1
Source원문

足厥陰脉養胎. 夫人之有生也, 母之血室方開, 父之精潮適至, 陰幕旣翕, 如布袋絞紐, 而精血乘衝氣, 自然旋轉不息, 如蜣蜋之滾糞, 呑啖含受, 成一團圓璇璣, 九日一息不停, 然後陰陽大定, 玄黃相包, 外似纏絲瑪瑙. 其中自然虛成一竅, 空洞虛圓, 與雞子黃中一穴相似, 而團圓之外, 氣自凝結爲胞衣, 初薄漸厚, 如彼米飮豆漿面上, 自結二皮. 中竅日生, 從無入有, 精血日化, 從有入無. 九日之後, 次九又九, 凡二十七日, 卽成一月之數, 竅自然凝成一粒, 如露珠然, 乃太極動而生陽, 天一生水, 謂之胚. 此月經閉, 無潮無痛, 飮食稍異平日. 不可觸犯, 及輕率服藥. 《入門》

Translation영역
The foot reverting yin vessel nourishes the foetus. When a person comes into being, the mother's blood chamber has just opened and the father's tide of essence arrives at that moment; the yin curtain closes like the twisting of a cloth bag, and essence and blood, riding the thoroughfare qi, turn and revolve of themselves without ceasing — like a dung beetle rolling its ball — swallowing, holding and receiving, until they form a round revolving sphere. For nine days there is not one breath of stillness; then yin and yang are greatly settled, the dark and the yellow wrap each other, and outwardly it resembles banded agate. Within it a hollow forms of itself, empty and round, like the hollow in the yolk of a hen's egg; and outside the sphere the qi congeals of itself into the placenta, thin at first and thickening, as a skin forms of itself on the surface of rice gruel or bean milk. The hollow within grows by the day, passing from nothing into being; the essence and blood transform by the day, passing from being into nothing. After nine days, another nine and another nine — twenty-seven days in all — make the count of one month, and the hollow congeals of itself into a single grain like a dewdrop. This is the supreme ultimate moving and engendering yang, heaven's one engendering water, and it is called the embryo. In this month the menses close; there is no tide and no pain, and food and drink differ a little from ordinary days. It must not be disturbed, nor must medicine be taken lightly.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Immun's embryology, and it is the most detailed passage of its kind in the book. The images are all of things forming from within — a beetle's ball, agate, the skin on gruel, a dewdrop — and the sequence is: essence and blood churn, a sphere forms, a hollow opens inside it, the membrane forms outside it, and by the month's end a grain has condensed. What is described corresponds in outline to the formation of blastocyst and chorion, and the instruction at the end is the practical one: in the first month, do not interfere and do not medicate.

Immun 入門

1.6.2 The Second Month 二月

1.6.2.1
Source원문

足少陽脉養胎. 又三九二十七日, 卽二月數. 此露珠變成赤色, 如桃花瓣子, 乃太極靜而生陰, 地二生火, 謂之腪. 此月腹中或動或不動, 猶可狐疑, 若吐逆思酸, 名曰惡阻, 有孕明矣. 或偏嗜一物, 乃一藏之虛, 如愛酸物, 乃肝藏正能養血而虛也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The foot lesser yang vessel nourishes the foetus. Another three nines, twenty-seven days, make the count of the second month. The dewdrop turns red, like a peach-blossom petal; this is the supreme ultimate resting and engendering yin, earth's two engendering fire, and it is called the bud. In this month there may or may not be stirring in the belly, and one may still be in doubt; but where there is retching and a longing for sour things, it is called malign obstruction, and the pregnancy is plain. A craving for one thing in particular marks the vacuity of one organ — as a love of sour things means the liver, which properly nourishes blood, is vacuous.
Clinical note임상 주석
The month in which pregnancy declares itself. 猶可狐疑 — one may still be in doubt — until the retching and the craving for sour begin, and then it is plain. The craving is read diagnostically: sour points to the liver, and the chapter's 1.12 on morning sickness works from the same premise.

Immun 入門

1.6.3 The Third Month 三月

1.6.3.1
Source원문

手心主心包絡脉養胎, 又三九二十七日, 卽三月數. 百日間變成男女形影, 如淸鼻涕中有白絨相似, 以成人形, 鼻與雌雄二器, 先就分明, 其諸全體, 隱然可悉. 斯謂之胎, 乃太極之乾道成男, 坤道成女也. 此時胎最易動, 芩朮丸方見下頻服最妙. 《入門》

Translation영역
The hand heart governor, the pericardium vessel, nourishes the foetus. Another three nines, twenty-seven days, make the count of the third month. Within a hundred days it changes into the shape and shadow of a boy or girl, like white lint in clear nasal mucus, and takes human form; the nose and the two organs of female and male become distinct first, and all the rest of the body can be dimly made out. This is called the foetus — the supreme ultimate's qian way making a boy and kun way making a girl. At this time the foetus is most readily disturbed, and Scutellaria and Atractylodes Pill formula below taken often is best.
Clinical note임상 주석
如淸鼻涕中有白絨 — like white lint in clear mucus — is the third of the embryo images and the most exact: a small pale shape suspended in clear fluid. 此時胎最易動 — at this time the foetus is most readily disturbed — is why the chapter's miscarriage formulas at 1.16 are aimed at the third month, and Danxi's case at 1.16.11 says the same.

Immun 入門

1.6.4 The Fourth Month 四月

1.6.4.1
Source원문

手少陽三焦脉養胎. 是月男女已分, 始受水精, 以成血脉, 形像具, 六府順成. 若胎動下血, 宜用安胎飮方見下. 《入門》

Translation영역
The hand lesser yang, the three burner vessel, nourishes the foetus. In this month boy and girl are already divided; it begins to receive the essence of water to form the blood vessels, the form and features are complete, and the six bowels are formed in order. If the foetus stirs with bleeding, Quiet the Foetus Drink formula below is used.

Immun 入門

1.6.5 The Fifth Month 五月

1.6.5.1
Source원문

足太陰脾脉養胎. 始受火精, 以成陰陽之氣, 筋骨四肢已成, 毛髮始生. 《入門》

Translation영역
The foot greater yin, the spleen vessel, nourishes the foetus. It begins to receive the essence of fire to form the qi of yin and yang; the sinews, bones and four limbs are already formed, and the hair begins to grow.

Immun 入門

1.6.6 The Sixth Month 六月

1.6.6.1
Source원문

足陽明胃脉養胎, 始受金精, 以成筋, 口目皆成. 若胎動, 宜安胎飮. 《入門》

Translation영역
The foot yang brightness, the stomach vessel, nourishes the foetus. It begins to receive the essence of metal to form the sinews, and the mouth and eyes are both formed. If the foetus stirs, Quiet the Foetus Drink is appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.6.7 The Seventh Month 七月

1.6.7.1
Source원문

手太陰肺脉養胎. 始受木精, 以成骨, 皮毛已成, 遊其魂, 能動左手. 《入門》

Translation영역
The hand greater yin, the lung vessel, nourishes the foetus. It begins to receive the essence of wood to form the bones; the skin and hair are already formed, its ethereal soul roams, and it can move its left hand.

Immun 入門

1.6.8 The Eighth Month 八月

1.6.8.1
Source원문

手陽明大腸脉養胎. 始受土精, 以成皮膚, 形骸漸長, 九竅皆成, 遊其魄, 能動右手. 《入門》

Translation영역
The hand yang brightness, the large intestine vessel, nourishes the foetus. It begins to receive the essence of earth to form the skin; the body gradually lengthens, the nine orifices are all formed, its corporeal soul roams, and it can move its right hand.
Clinical note임상 주석
The seventh month gives the child its ethereal soul and the left hand, the eighth its corporeal soul and the right. The pairing is deliberate — hun with the left and yang, po with the right and yin — and it is the chapter's account of when movement becomes purposeful.

Immun 入門

1.6.9 The Ninth Month 九月

1.6.9.1
Source원문

足少陰腎脉養胎. 始受石精, 以成皮毛, 百節畢備, 三轉其身. 《入門》

Translation영역
The foot lesser yin, the kidney vessel, nourishes the foetus. It begins to receive the essence of stone to form the skin and hair; the hundred joints are fully furnished, and it turns its body three times.
Clinical note임상 주석
三轉其身 — it turns its body three times — records the movements felt late in pregnancy as the child settles into position for birth, which is the ninth month's observable event.

Immun 入門

1.6.10 The Tenth Month 十月

1.6.10.1
Source원문

足太陽膀胱脉養胎. 受氣足, 五藏六府齊通, 納天地氣於丹田, 使關節人神皆備, 待時而生.

Translation영역
The foot greater yang, the bladder vessel, nourishes the foetus. Its receiving of qi is sufficient, the five viscera and six bowels are all through, it takes the qi of heaven and earth into the cinnabar field, so that joints and spirit are all furnished, and it waits its time to be born.

Immun 入門

1.6.10.2
Source원문

惟手少陰手太陽, 無所專主者, 以君主之官, 無爲而已.

Translation영역
Only the hand lesser yin and hand greater yang have no month of their own, because the office of the sovereign does nothing but preside.

Immun 入門

1.6.10.3
Source원문

其有延月而生者, 富貴而壽, 有月不足者, 貧賤而夭.

Translation영역
One born after the month has been exceeded is wealthy, noble and long-lived; one born before the months are full is poor, mean and short-lived.

Immun 入門

1.6.10.4
Source원문

一云, 延月而産, 必生貴子. 《入門》

Translation영역
It is also said: a birth past the month surely produces a noble child.
Clinical note임상 주석
The ten-month scheme closes with a prognosis by timing — late birth good, early birth bad — and the second half of it is right for the wrong reason. Preterm birth does carry a worse outlook; post-term birth does not carry a better one. The second passage repeats the heart's exemption from 1.6.2 with a different justification: the sovereign presides and does not labour.

Immun 入門

1.7 The Pulse of Pregnancy 姙娠脉

1.7.1
Source원문

婦人足少陰脉動甚者, 姙子也. 《內經》

Translation영역
Where a woman's foot lesser yin pulse stirs greatly, she is with child.

Naegyeong 內經

1.7.2
Source원문

全元起作足少陰, 王氷本作手少陰, 全本爲是. 動甚者, 動搖太甚也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Quan Yuanqi writes foot lesser yin; Wang Bing's edition writes hand lesser yin; Quan's edition is correct. Stirring greatly means shaking and moving to excess.
Clinical note임상 주석
A textual note on which channel the Neijing meant, and the Gangmok sides with the earlier editor. The foot lesser yin is the kidney channel and is felt at the cubit, which is where every other passage in this section looks.

Gangmok 綱目

1.7.3
Source원문

陰搏陽別, 謂之有子. 註曰, 陰謂尺中也, 搏謂搏觸於手也. 尺脉搏擊, 與寸口殊別, 陽氣挺然, 則爲有姙之兆, 何者. 陰中有別陽故也. 《內經》

Translation영역
Yin beating and yang parted — this is called being with child. The commentary says: yin means the cubit, and beating means striking against the finger. Where the cubit pulse strikes and beats, distinct and apart from the inch opening, with the yang qi standing forth, it is the sign of pregnancy. Why? Because within the yin there is a separate yang.
Clinical note임상 주석
陰中有別陽 — within the yin there is a separate yang — is the Neijing's account of the pregnancy pulse, and the image is of a second life felt inside the first. The cubit beats on its own, distinct from the inch.

Naegyeong 內經

1.7.4
Source원문

經脉不行已經三月者, 尺脉不止者, 是胎也. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where the menses have not come for three months and the cubit pulse does not cease, it is a foetus.

Hoechun 回春

1.7.5
Source원문

脉滑疾, 重以手按之散者, 胎已三月也. 脉重手按之不散, 但疾不滑者, 五月也.

Translation영역
A pulse slippery and hurried that scatters under a heavy hand is a foetus of three months. A pulse that does not scatter under a heavy hand but is hurried without slipperiness is one of five months.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.7.6
Source원문

婦人三部脉浮沈正等, 按之無絶者, 姙娠也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a woman's pulse at all three positions is exactly even in floating and sinking, and pressing it there is no break, it is pregnancy.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.7.7
Source원문

姙娠八月一云六七月, 脉實大牢强弦緊者生, 沈細者死.

Translation영역
In the eighth month of pregnancy one version says the sixth or seventh, a pulse replete, large, firm, strong, stringlike and tight means life; sunken and fine means death.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.7.8
Source원문

姙婦脉, 細勻易産, 大浮緩, 氣散難産. 《脉經》

Translation영역
In a pregnant woman a pulse fine and even means easy delivery; large, floating and moderate means the qi is scattered and the delivery hard.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eight passages, and they move from confirming the pregnancy to dating it to predicting the birth. The section is a small manual of what the wrist can tell across nine months. The last two contradict each other on whether a large pulse is favourable, and the chapter leaves them side by side. What separates them is the month — strength late in pregnancy is reserve, strength at term is scattering.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.8 The Method of Testing for Pregnancy 驗胎法

1.8.1
Source원문

婦人, 二三月經不行, 疑是兩身, 却疑血滯, 心煩, 寒熱, 恍惚. 宜用神方驗胎散驗之. 《海藏》

Translation영역
Where a woman's menses have not come for two or three months and she suspects she is of two bodies, yet suspects it may be stagnant blood, with vexation of the heart, cold and heat, and confusion — Spirit Formula Test the Foetus Powder should be used to test it.
Clinical note임상 주석
兩身 — two bodies — is the chapter's phrase for pregnancy, and the doubt named is the real one: amenorrhoea with malaise could be either a child or a blood stasis, and the two are treated in opposite directions. The test powder works by provoking the foetus to move if there is one. Where there is not, the same formula would begin to treat the stasis.

Haejang 海藏

1.8.2
Source원문

艾醋湯, 亦可驗. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Mugwort and Vinegar Decoction can also test it.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.9 The Method of Distinguishing a Boy from a Girl 辨男女法

1.9.1
Source원문

婦人有孕, 令人摸之, 如覆盃者, 則男也. 如肘頸參差起者, 女也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a woman is with child, have someone feel it: if it is like an inverted cup, it is a boy; if it rises unevenly like an elbow or a neck, it is a girl.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.9.2
Source원문

婦人有娠, 左乳房有核, 是男, 右乳房有核, 是女也. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where a woman is with child, if the left breast has a knot it is a boy; if the right breast has a knot it is a girl.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.9.3
Source원문

遣孕婦, 面南行, 還復呼之, 左回首者, 是男, 右回首者, 是女.

Translation영역
Send the pregnant woman walking toward the south, then call her back: if she turns her head to the left it is a boy; to the right, a girl.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.9.4
Source원문

看姙婦上圊時, 夫從後急呼之, 左回首者, 是男, 右回首者, 是女. 盖男胎在左, 則左重, 故回首時, 愼護重處而就左也. 女胎在右, 則右重, 故回首時, 愼護重處而就右也. 推之於脉, 其義亦然. 胎在左, 則血氣護胎, 而盛於左. 故脉亦從之, 而左疾爲男, 左大爲男也. 胎在右, 則血氣護胎, 而盛於右. 故脉亦從之, 而右疾爲女, 右大爲女也. 陰陽之理, 自然如是. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Watch when the pregnant woman goes to the privy, and have the husband call her sharply from behind: if she turns her head to the left it is a boy, to the right a girl. For a male foetus lies on the left, and the left is heavy, so in turning she guards the heavy side and goes left; a female foetus lies on the right, and the right is heavy, so in turning she guards the heavy side and goes right. Carrying this over to the pulse, the sense is the same. With the foetus on the left, the blood and qi guard it and are exuberant on the left, so the pulse follows — hurried on the left is a boy, large on the left is a boy. With the foetus on the right, the blood and qi guard it and are exuberant on the right, so the pulse follows — hurried on the right is a girl, large on the right is a girl. The principle of yin and yang is naturally so.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four tests, all resting on the belief that a boy lies to the left and a girl to the right, and the fourth passage takes care to explain why the head-turning test and the pulse test are the same test. Left is yang, and a boy is yang. None of the four has any basis, and the chapter's own 1.9.1.5 below records Danxi doubting the whole scheme. What the section shows is how much the question mattered.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.9.1 Pulse Method for Boy or Girl 脉法

1.9.1.1
Source원문

婦人姙娠四月, 欲知男女法. 左疾爲男, 右疾爲女, 俱疾爲生二子. 謂俱滑而疾也 《脉經》

Translation영역
The method of knowing boy from girl in the fourth month of pregnancy: hurried on the left is a boy, hurried on the right a girl, hurried on both means two children will be born. That is, both slippery and hurried.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.9.1.2
Source원문

尺脉左偏大爲男, 右偏大爲女, 左右俱大産二子. 《脉經》

Translation영역
The cubit pulse one-sidedly large on the left is a boy; one-sidedly large on the right a girl; large on both, two children.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.9.1.3
Source원문

左手沈實爲男, 右手浮大爲女, 左右手俱沈實猥生二男, 左右手俱浮大猥生二女. 《脉經》

Translation영역
The left hand sunken and replete is a boy; the right hand floating and large a girl; both hands sunken and replete, twin boys; both hands floating and large, twin girls.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.9.1.4
Source원문

男女之別以左右取, 左疾爲男右疾爲女, 沈實在左浮大在右, 右女左男可以預剖. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
The distinction of boy from girl is taken from left and right: hurried on the left is a boy, on the right a girl; sunken and replete on the left, floating and large on the right — right for a girl and left for a boy may be told in advance.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.9.1.5
Source원문

成胎, 以精血之後先, 分男女者, 褚澄之論也. 愚竊惑焉. 東垣曰, 經斷後一二日, 精勝血者成男, 四五日, 血勝精者成女. 此亦未瑩. 易曰, 乾道成男, 坤道成女. 夫乾坤, 陰陽之性情也. 左右, 陰陽之道路也. 男女, 陰陽之儀象也. 父精母血, 因感而會, 精之泄, 陽之施也, 血能攝之, 陰之化也. 精成其子, 此萬物之資, 始於乾元也. 血成其胞, 此萬物資, 生於坤元也. 陰陽交媾, 胎孕乃凝, 胎之所居, 名曰子宮, 一系在下, 上有兩岐, 一達於左, 一達於右. 精勝其血, 及剛日陽時感者, 則陽爲之主, 受氣於左子宮而男形成. 血勝其精, 及柔日陰時感者, 則陰爲之主, 受氣於右子宮而女形成. 《丹心》

Translation영역
That the foetus is formed and boy or girl decided by whether essence or blood comes first is Chu Cheng's argument. I privately doubt it. Dongwon says that one or two days after the menses cease, essence prevailing over blood makes a boy, and at four or five days blood prevailing over essence makes a girl. This too is not clear. The Yi says: the qian way makes the male, the kun way makes the female. Qian and kun are the natures of yin and yang; left and right are the paths of yin and yang; male and female are the images of yin and yang. The father's essence and the mother's blood meet on being moved; the discharge of essence is the giving of yang, and that the blood can take it up is the transforming of yin. The essence forms the child — this is what the ten thousand things draw on, beginning from the origin of qian. The blood forms the envelope — this is what the ten thousand things draw on, engendered from the origin of kun. Yin and yang mate and the pregnancy congeals. Where the foetus dwells is called the womb; it has one stem below and two branches above, one reaching to the left and one to the right. Where the essence prevails over the blood and the moving is on a hard day at a yang hour, then yang is master, qi is received in the left womb and a male form is made. Where the blood prevails over the essence and the moving is on a soft day at a yin hour, then yin is master, qi is received in the right womb and a female form is made.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi rejects both received accounts of sex determination — Chu Cheng's order of arrival and Dongwon's day count — and then offers his own, which rests on the Yi and on a two-horned uterus. 一系在下, 上有兩岐 — one stem below and two branches above — is an anatomical claim, and it is correct for many mammals and wrong for humans. The two-horned womb was the standard anatomical picture in the tradition, and the whole left-boy right-girl scheme depends on it. 愚竊惑焉, I privately doubt it, is worth noting as a habit of mind. Danxi is the one writer in this section who argues rather than asserts.

Dansim 丹心

1.9.1.6
Source원문

丹溪此論, 極造精微. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Danxi's argument here reaches the utmost subtlety.

Gangmok 綱目

1.10 Twins and Multiple Births 雙胎品胎

1.10.1
Source원문

又法, 左右尺脉俱沈實, 爲生二男, 不爾, 女作男生, 左右尺脉俱浮大, 爲生二女, 不爾, 男作女生也. 此乃男女兼形之說也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Another method: the cubit pulses on both sides sunken and replete means twin boys — or if not, a girl born as a boy; both cubits floating and large means twin girls — or if not, a boy born as a girl. This is the account of a child of both forms.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section on twins is one passage long and half of it is about something else: 不爾, 女作男生 — or if not, a girl born as a boy — is the chapter's only mention of intersex birth, and it treats it as the same pulse read differently. 男女兼形, a child of both forms, is the tradition's term, and the chapter records it without alarm.

Gangmok 綱目

1.11 The Method of Turning a Girl into a Boy 轉女爲男法

1.11.1
Source원문

懷娠三月, 名曰始胎, 血脉不流, 象形而變. 是時男女未定, 故服藥方術, 轉令生男也. 《得效》

Translation영역
At three months of pregnancy, called the beginning foetus, the blood vessels do not flow and it changes according to the image. At this time boy or girl is not yet fixed, and so by taking medicine and by arts it is turned to make a boy be born.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section rests on the claim that sex is undetermined until the third month, which follows from 1.6.3 — the month in which the organs first appear. Since the sex was not yet visible, it was held to be not yet fixed, and the methods that follow are aimed at that window.

Deukhyo 得效

1.11.2
Source원문

始覺有孕, 以斧置孕婦床下, 勿令知之. 若不信, 待雞抱卵, 以斧懸窠下, 則一窠盡是雄雞, 可驗. 《入門》

Translation영역
When pregnancy is first perceived, place an axe under the pregnant woman's bed without letting her know. If this is not believed, wait until a hen is brooding and hang an axe beneath the nest, and the whole clutch will be cocks — this may be proven.
Clinical note임상 주석
The proof offered is an experiment with hens, and the Bogam records it as such. That the source thought a test necessary shows the claim was doubted even then.

Immun 入門

1.11.3
Source원문

石雄黃一兩, 絳囊盛, 帶孕婦左腰間.

Translation영역
Realgar 1 nyang in a crimson bag, worn at the pregnant woman's left waist.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Realgar is arsenic sulfide. Worn against the skin it is a chronic exposure hazard.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.11.4
Source원문

弓弩弦一枚, 絳囊盛, 帶孕婦左臂. 一云, 弓弩弦縛腰中, 滿三月解之.

Translation영역
One crossbow string in a crimson bag, worn on the pregnant woman's left arm. One version says: tie the crossbow string about the waist and untie it when three months are full.

Deukhyo 得效

1.11.5
Source원문

萱草花, 一名宜男, 姙婦佩之.

Translation영역
Day-lily flower, also called suited-to-sons, worn by the pregnant woman.
Clinical note임상 주석
Axe, crossbow string, realgar, day lily — the four are chosen for their names and associations rather than for any action. 宜男, suited to sons, is the day lily's folk name and the whole reason it is here. Every method in this section keeps to the left, following 1.9's premise that a boy lies on that side.

Deukhyo 得效

1.12 Malign Obstruction 惡阻

1.12.1
Source원문

惡阻, 謂嘔吐, 惡心, 頭眩, 惡食擇食, 是也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Malign obstruction means retching and vomiting, nausea, dizziness of the head, aversion to food and pickiness about it — this is it.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's term for the nausea of early pregnancy, defined in one line. 擇食, pickiness about food, is listed with the aversion rather than against it — the same woman refuses most things and wants one.

Gangmok 綱目

1.12.2
Source원문

婦人不能食, 無寒熱, 名姙娠, 於法六十日, 當有此證. 設有醫治逆者, 却一月, 加吐下者, 則絶之. 註曰, 絶者, 絶其醫治, 候其自安也. 《仲景》

Translation영역
Where a woman cannot eat and has no cold or heat, it is called pregnancy; by the rule, at sixty days there should be this pattern. Should a physician treat it wrongly, after a month it worsens with vomiting and purging — and then it is to be cut off. The commentary says: cutting off means cutting off the medical treatment and waiting for her to settle of herself.
Clinical note임상 주석
Zhongjing's instruction and the commentary's gloss on it: stop treating. The passage is the earliest statement in the chapter that morning sickness is a normal state to be waited out, and it puts the harm on the physician who interferes. 於法六十日 — at sixty days — is the timing, and it matches: nausea of pregnancy typically begins around the sixth week.

Junggyeong 仲景

1.12.3
Source원문

姙娠稟受怯弱, 便有阻病. 其狀顔色如故, 脉息和順, 但覺肢體沈重, 頭目昏眩, 擇食, 惡聞食氣, 好食醎酸. 甚者, 或作寒熱, 心中潰悶, 嘔吐痰水, 恍惚不能支持, 巢氏謂之惡阻. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where the constitution received at pregnancy is timid and weak, there is at once the disease of obstruction. Its appearance is the complexion as before and the pulse and breath harmonious, only the limbs felt heavy and sunken, the head and eyes clouded and dizzy, pickiness about food, aversion to the smell of food, and a liking for salty and sour things. In severe cases there may be cold and heat, the heart oppressed and confused, vomiting of phlegm and water, and confusion to the point of being unable to hold up — Master Chao called this malign obstruction.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.12.4
Source원문

惡阻者, 或大吐, 或時吐淸水, 惡聞食臭, 由子宮經絡, 絡於胃口. 故逢食氣引動, 精氣衝上, 必食吐盡而後, 精氣乃安. 亦有誤交合, 而子宮穢盛者, 過百日卽愈. 《入門》

Translation영역
In malign obstruction there may be great vomiting, or vomiting of clear water at times, with aversion to the smell of food — because the network vessels of the womb connect to the mouth of the stomach. Therefore on meeting the qi of food they are drawn and stirred, the essential qi surges upward, and only when the food has all been vomited out is the essential qi settled. There are also cases where intercourse was wrongly had and the womb is full of foulness; past a hundred days it recovers of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Immun's mechanism — a direct connection between the womb and the stomach mouth — is the tradition's way of saying what is now understood hormonally: something arising in the uterus disturbs the stomach. 過百日卽愈, recovering past a hundred days, is the prognosis, and it matches the usual course into the second trimester.

Immun 入門

1.12.5
Source원문

姙娠之初, 經脉內閉, 育養胎息, 腸胃沮洳, 散入焦膈. 若素有痰飮, 則飮與血搏, 食飮輒吐, 頭目旋暈, 憎聞食氣, 喜啖酸醎, 四肢倦怠, 多臥少起, 厭厭困懶, 名曰惡阻. 已産之後, 胞外餘血, 敗瘀流利, 名曰惡露. 盖惡者, 不善不淨之義. 阻者, 阻節之阻. 血搏痰飮, 當漸消之. 露者, 露水之露, 當急逐之. 由是而知, 胎前曰惡阻, 産後曰惡露. 古人命名之意, 深有以也. 《易簡》

Translation영역
At the beginning of pregnancy the menstrual vessels close within to rear and nourish the foetus, the intestines and stomach grow sodden, and it scatters into the burners and diaphragm. Where there has long been phlegm rheum, the rheum and the blood strike against each other, food and drink are at once vomited, the head and eyes reel, the smell of food is loathed, sour and salty things are craved, the limbs are weary, there is much lying and little rising, and a listless idle fatigue — this is called malign obstruction. After delivery, the remaining blood outside the womb, spoiled and stagnant, flows freely — this is called malign dew. Malign means not good and not clean; obstruction means being blocked and checked. Where blood strikes against phlegm rheum it should be gradually dispersed. Dew is the dew of dew-water, and it should be urgently driven out. From this it is known that before birth it is called malign obstruction and after birth malign dew — the ancients' intention in naming was deep.
Clinical note임상 주석
A note on two names that share their first character — 惡阻 before birth, 惡露 after — and the point drawn is one of treatment: the obstruction is dispersed slowly, the dew is driven out fast. That contrast in tempo governs both sections. Morning sickness is waited out; lochia is not allowed to linger.

Yigan 易簡

1.12.6
Source원문

惡阻, 謂有孕而惡心, 阻其飮食者, 是也. 多從痰治. 肥者有痰, 瘦者有熱. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Malign obstruction means nausea in pregnancy that obstructs food and drink — this is it. It is mostly treated as phlegm. The stout have phlegm; the thin have heat.

Dansim 丹心

1.12.7
Source원문

瘦人熱, 肥人痰, 俱宜二陳湯方見痰門, 加竹茹ㆍ生薑. 熱加芩連. 日久, 水漿不入口, 吐淸水, 宜參橘散ㆍ白朮散ㆍ保生湯.

Translation영역
The thin have heat and the stout have phlegm; both should have Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter with bamboo shavings and fresh ginger added. For heat, add scutellaria and coptis. Where it has lasted long, no water or gruel goes in at the mouth and clear water is vomited, Ginseng and Tangerine Peel Powder, White Atractylodes Powder and Protect Life Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi's rule — stout is phlegm, thin is heat — sorted the same way at 1.1.9 for infertility. Both get Ijin-tang; the thin get coptis and scutellaria on top. 水漿不入口 — no water or gruel going in — marks the severe form, and the three formulas named for it are registered at 1.12.

Dansim 丹心

1.12.8
Source원문

惡阻, 宜用半夏茯苓湯ㆍ芩連半夏湯ㆍ歸原散ㆍ竹茹湯. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For malign obstruction, Pinellia and Poria Decoction, Scutellaria, Coptis and Pinellia Decoction, Return to the Origin Powder and Bamboo Shavings Decoction are appropriate.

Gangmok 綱目

1.12.9
Source원문

懷孕, 愛喫一物, 乃一藏之虛. 如血氣弱, 不能榮肝, 肝虛, 故愛喫酸物. 《丹心》

Translation영역
In pregnancy, a love of eating one thing marks the vacuity of one organ. Where the blood and qi are weak and cannot nourish the liver, the liver is vacuous, and so there is a love of sour things.

Dansim 丹心

1.12.10
Source원문

姙婦惡食, 但以所思之物, 任意與之, 必愈. 《局方》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has aversion to food, simply give her whatever she longs for, as much as she likes, and it will surely resolve.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section ends on the least medical of its ten passages, and the most humane: give her what she wants. It follows from 1.12.9 — the craving marks a lack, and satisfying it is the treatment.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.13 Prohibitions in Pregnancy 姙娠禁忌

1.13.1
Source원문

受孕之後, 大忌男女交合. 《入門》

Translation영역
After conception, intercourse between man and woman is greatly to be avoided.

Immun 入門

1.13.2
Source원문

姙婦切忌飮酒, 及以酒調藥服. 酒散百脉, 致成諸疾. 止用水煎服爲好. 《得效》

Translation영역
A pregnant woman must strictly avoid drinking wine and taking medicine mixed in wine. Wine scatters the hundred vessels and brings on the various diseases; using only water to decoct and take is good.
Clinical note임상 주석
A rule against alcohol in pregnancy, stated plainly and extended to medicinal wine. The reasoning offered is that wine scatters, and a pregnancy needs holding. The prohibition is sound. The chapter's own formulas that call for wine as a vehicle — and there are several — are all for labour and after, when the holding is done.

Deukhyo 得效

1.13.3
Source원문

受孕之後, 切宜避忌胎殺所遊, 如隣家繕修, 亦宜避之. 經云, 刀犯者形必傷, 泥犯者竅必塞, 打擊者色靑黯, 繫縛者相拘攣, 甚至母殞, 驗若反掌. 《得效》

Translation영역
After conception, the places where the foetus-killer roams must strictly be avoided; even a neighbour's house being repaired should be avoided. The classic says: where a blade offends, the form will surely be injured; where plaster offends, the orifices will surely be blocked; where there is striking, the colour is green and dark; where there is binding, there is cramping and contracture; and at the worst the mother perishes — proven as easily as turning the hand.
Clinical note임상 주석
胎殺, the foetus-killer, is a spirit held to move about the house on a fixed schedule, and 1.47 and 1.48 give its location by month and by day. The prohibition here is on building work — knives, plaster, hammering, tying — anywhere near the pregnant woman. Whatever is made of the spirit, keeping a pregnant woman away from a construction site is not bad advice.

Deukhyo 得效

1.13.1 Dietary Prohibitions 飮食禁忌

1.13.1.1
Source원문

食驢馬肉, 過月難産. ○食犬肉, 令子無聲. ○食兎肉, 令子缺脣. ○食無鱗魚, 難産. ○食螃蟹, 令子橫生. ○食羊肝, 令子多厄. ○食雞肉及卵, 合糯米食, 令子生寸白蟲. ○食鴨肉及卵, 令子倒生心寒. ○食雀肉, 飮酒, 令子多淫無恥, 或生雀子斑. ○食鱉肉, 令子項短縮頭. ○食薑芽, 令子多指. ○食薏苡, 墮胎. ○食麥芽, 消胎氣. ○食莧菜, 墮胎. ○食蒜, 消胎氣. ○食鮎魚, 令子生疳蝕瘡. ○食山羊肉, 令子多病. ○食諸般菌蕈, 令子驚風而夭. 《入門》

Translation영역
Eating donkey or horse meat, the month is exceeded and the birth hard. Eating dog meat makes the child voiceless. Eating rabbit meat makes the child harelipped. Eating scaleless fish, the birth is hard. Eating crab makes the child come sideways. Eating sheep's liver makes the child much beset by misfortune. Eating chicken and eggs with glutinous rice makes the child breed tapeworm. Eating duck and duck eggs makes the child come feet first with a cold heart. Eating sparrow and drinking wine makes the child lewd and shameless, or freckled. Eating turtle makes the child short-necked with the head drawn in. Eating ginger shoots gives the child extra fingers. Eating coix brings down the foetus. Eating barley sprout dissolves the foetal qi. Eating amaranth brings down the foetus. Eating garlic dissolves the foetal qi. Eating catfish makes the child break out in gan sores. Eating goat makes the child sickly. Eating mushrooms of any kind gives the child fright wind and an early death.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eighteen prohibitions, and most follow the shape of the food: crab walks sideways and makes a transverse birth, the turtle draws its head in, the rabbit has a split lip. That is resemblance reasoning of the kind 1.11 uses for the reverse purpose. Four are different in kind. Coix, barley sprout, amaranth and garlic are said to bring down or dissolve the foetus — these are medicinals, not shapes, and coix and barley sprout are both still avoided in pregnancy in practice. The tapeworm from chicken and glutinous rice is the one item with a plausible mechanism: undercooked poultry.

Immun 入門

1.13.2 Medicinal Prohibitions 藥物禁忌

1.13.2.1
Source원문

歌曰, 芫靑斑猫水蛭及䖟蟲, ○烏頭附子與天雄, ○野葛水銀幷巴豆, ○牛膝薏苡連蜈蚣, ○三稜代赭芫花麝香, ○大戟蛇蛻黃雌雄, ○牙硝芒硝牡丹桂, ○槐花牽牛皂角同, ○半夏南星與通草, ○瞿麥乾薑蟹甲爪, ○䃃砂乾漆兼桃仁, ○地膽茅根莫用好. 《正傳》

Translation영역
A verse says: mylabris, cantharides, leech and tabanus; aconite root, aconite and tianxiong; gelsemium, mercury and croton together; achyranthes, coix and centipede besides; sparganium, haematite, genkwa and musk; euphorbia root, snake slough and both orpiment and realgar; nitre, mirabilite, moutan and cinnamon; sophora flower, morning glory seed and gleditsia alike; pinellia, arisaema and tetrapanax; dianthus, dry ginger and crab shell and claw; sal ammoniac, dried lacquer and peach kernel as well; mylabris and imperata root — best not used.
Clinical note임상 주석
The verse of medicinals forbidden in pregnancy, and it is the one most physicians of the tradition knew by heart. Most of what it names is either toxic, purgative or blood-breaking — the three classes that can end a pregnancy. A few are surprising: pinellia and dry ginger are on the list, and the chapter uses both freely in its own morning-sickness formulas at 1.12. Musk, peach kernel and moutan bark are also named and also used. The list was a caution rather than an absolute bar, and the chapter's practice shows where it was set aside.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.13.2.2
Source원문

又忌躑躅花ㆍ螻蛄ㆍ牛黃ㆍ藜蘆ㆍ金箔ㆍ銀箔ㆍ胡粉ㆍ蜥蜴ㆍ飛生ㆍ蟬殼ㆍ龍腦ㆍ蝟皮ㆍ鬼箭羽ㆍ樗雞ㆍ馬刀ㆍ衣魚ㆍ大蒜ㆍ神麴ㆍ葵子ㆍ犀角ㆍ大黃. 《局方》

Translation영역
Also to be avoided: rhododendron flower, mole cricket, bezoar, black false hellebore, gold leaf, silver leaf, lead powder, lizard, flying squirrel, cicada slough, borneol, hedgehog skin, euonymus wing, red cicada, razor clam, silverfish, garlic, medicated leaven, malva seed, rhinoceros horn and rhubarb.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.14 The Method of Regimen in Pregnancy 姙娠將理法

1.14.1
Source원문

衣毋太溫. ○食無太飽. ○飮無大醉. ○勿妄服湯藥. ○勿妄用鍼灸. ○勿擧重, 登高, 涉險. ○勿勞力過傷. ○勿多睡臥, 須時時行步. ○心有大驚, 子必癲癎. 《入門》

Translation영역
Clothing not too warm. Food not to fullness. Drink not to drunkenness. Do not take decoctions rashly. Do not use needle and moxa rashly. Do not lift heavy things, climb high or cross dangerous ground. Do not labour to the point of injury. Do not sleep and lie much, but walk about from time to time. Where the heart takes a great fright, the child will surely have epilepsy.
Clinical note임상 주석
Nine rules, and all but the last are ordinary antenatal advice. 勿多睡臥, 須時時行步 — do not lie about, but walk from time to time — is the one worth noting for being active rather than restrictive. The last attributes a child's epilepsy to the mother's fright, which is the same reasoning 1.5 applies to conception.

Immun 入門

1.14.2
Source원문

臨月, 不可洗頭. ○勿登高厠. 《正傳》

Translation영역
In the last month, do not wash the hair. Do not climb to a high privy.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.15 Uterine Spotting and Foetal Stirring 胎漏胎動

1.15.1
Source원문

胎漏, 謂有胎而血漏下也. 屬氣虛有熱. 四物湯方見血門, 加阿膠珠ㆍ白朮ㆍ條芩ㆍ縮砂ㆍ香附(炒黑)ㆍ艾葉少許. 加糯米煎服. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Uterine spotting means bleeding that leaks down while there is a foetus. It belongs to qi vacuity with heat. Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with ass-hide glue beads, white atractylodes, slender scutellaria, amomum, cyperus (fried black) and a little mugwort leaf added, with glutinous rice put in, decocted and taken.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.15.2
Source원문

犯房下血者, 眞漏胎也. 八物湯方見虛勞, 加阿膠ㆍ艾葉救之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Bleeding after intercourse is the true leaking foetus. Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter with ass-hide glue and mugwort leaf added rescues it.

Immun 入門

1.15.3
Source원문

胎漏胎動, 皆下血, 而胎動有腹痛, 胎漏無腹痛, 此爲異耳. 胎漏宜淸熱, 胎動宜行氣. 《入門》

Translation영역
Uterine spotting and foetal stirring both bleed, but foetal stirring has abdominal pain and uterine spotting has none — this is what distinguishes them. Spotting should have heat cleared; stirring should have qi moved.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section's two conditions separated by one sign — pain — and treated in different directions from it. Bleeding without pain is heat and is cooled; bleeding with pain is bound qi and is moved. That is a usable distinction, and it corresponds roughly to the difference between painless antepartum bleeding and threatened miscarriage with cramping.

Immun 入門

1.15.4
Source원문

胎漏者, 自人門下血, 尿血者, 自尿門下血. 《入門》

Translation영역
In uterine spotting the blood comes down from the birth gate; in bloody urine it comes down from the urinary gate.
Clinical note임상 주석
A note on where the blood is coming from, because a woman may not be able to tell. The Uterus chapter's treatment of urinary bleeding at 13.24 is the counterpart.

Immun 入門

1.15.5
Source원문

胎動不安者, 由衝任經虛, 受胎不實故也. 亦有飮酒房室而傷者, 有觸犯而傷者, 有喜怒而傷者, 有服熱藥而傷者. 因母病而胎動者, 但治母病, 其胎自安. 有胎不堅固, 動致母疾者, 但當安胎, 其母自愈. 《良方》

Translation영역
Foetal stirring and unrest come of the thoroughfare and controlling channels being vacuous so that the pregnancy was not received firmly. There are also cases damaged by wine and the bedchamber, by some offence, by joy or anger, or by taking hot medicines. Where the foetus stirs because the mother is ill, only treat the mother's illness and the foetus settles of itself. Where the foetus is not firm and its stirring makes the mother ill, only quiet the foetus and the mother recovers of herself.
Clinical note임상 주석
The last two sentences are the section's rule of thumb: decide whether the mother is making the foetus ill or the foetus is making the mother ill, and treat that one. It is the same priority the Vacuity Taxation chapter sets between root and branch.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.15.6
Source원문

孕婦內傷勞役, 以致小腹常墮, 甚則子宮墮出者, 氣陷也. 宜用補中益氣湯方見內傷. 知因房勞者, 八物湯, 加酒炒黃芪爲君, 防風ㆍ升麻爲使. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has internal damage from labour so that the lower abdomen constantly sags, and at worst the womb prolapses, the qi has fallen. Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter is appropriate. Where it is known to come of sexual taxation, Eight Substances Decoction with wine-fried astragalus as chief and saposhnikovia and cimicifuga as envoys.

Immun 入門

1.15.7
Source원문

胎漏胎動, 皆令墮胎. 胎漏, 宜用枳殼湯ㆍ小膠艾湯ㆍ膠艾湯ㆍ膠艾芎歸湯ㆍ膠艾四物湯ㆍ當歸寄生湯ㆍ桑寄生散.

Translation영역
Uterine spotting and foetal stirring both bring down the foetus. For spotting, Bitter Orange Decoction, Minor Glue and Mugwort Decoction, Ass-Hide Glue and Mugwort Decoction, Ass-Hide Glue, Mugwort, Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction, Ass-Hide Glue, Mugwort and Four Substances Decoction, Angelica and Mistletoe Decoction and Mulberry Mistletoe Powder are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.15.8
Source원문

胎動不安, 宜用杜續丸ㆍ當歸地黃湯ㆍ安胎散ㆍ安胎飮ㆍ黃芩湯ㆍ內補丸ㆍ獨聖散ㆍ知母丸ㆍ生地黃粥ㆍ葱粥ㆍ葱白湯. 《諸方》

Translation영역
For foetal stirring and unrest, Eucommia and Dipsacus Pill, Angelica and Rehmannia Decoction, Quiet the Foetus Powder, Quiet the Foetus Drink, Scutellaria Decoction, Internal Supplementing Pill, Lone Sage Powder, Anemarrhena Pill, Fresh Rehmannia Congee, Scallion Congee and Scallion White Decoction are appropriate.

Jebang 諸方

1.16 Half Birth — Miscarriage 半産

1.16.1
Source원문

墮胎, 乃血氣虛損, 不能榮養而自墮, 猶枝枯則果落, 藤萎則花墜. 有因勞怒傷情, 內火便動, 亦能墮胎, 猶風撼其木, 人折其枝也. 火能消物, 造化自然, 病源乃謂風冷傷於子藏, 此未得病情者也. 大抵屬虛屬熱, 當視其輕重而治之. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Bringing down the foetus is the blood and qi vacuous and detrimented, unable to nourish, so that it falls of itself — as a branch withers and the fruit drops, or a vine wilts and the flower falls. There are also cases where labour or anger damages the affects, the internal fire at once stirs, and this too can bring down the foetus — as wind shakes the tree or a person breaks the branch. Fire can consume things, and this is the working of nature. That the Byeongwon says wind and cold damage the womb — this is not to have grasped the disease. Broadly it belongs to vacuity or to heat, and treatment should look to which is the heavier.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi's account of miscarriage in two images — the branch that withers and the branch that is broken — and his rejection of the older view that cold is the cause. Vacuity or heat, and nothing else. That reframing is why the section's formulas at 1.16 are all cooling or nourishing and none is warming, which is a departure from the tradition before him.

Dansim 丹心

1.16.2
Source원문

正産一證, 正如果中栗熟, 其殼自開, 兩無所損. 半産則比之, 採斫新栗, 碎其膚殼, 損其皮膜, 然後取得其實, 以其胎藏傷損, 胞系斷去, 而後胎墜下. 大抵半産, 須加十倍調治.

Translation영역
A proper birth is exactly like a ripe chestnut among fruit — its shell opens of itself and neither is harmed. A half birth is like this: a fresh chestnut is cut and hacked, its skin and shell broken and its membranes injured, and only then is the fruit got out; because the womb is injured and the cord torn away, the foetus falls down. Broadly, a half birth needs tenfold the regulation and treatment.
Clinical note임상 주석
須加十倍調治 — needing tenfold the treatment — is the sentence this section exists for. A miscarriage is worse than a birth because nothing has ripened and everything is torn, and the chestnut image makes the point without argument. The chapter's postpartum regimen at 1.31 applies in full after a miscarriage for this reason.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.16.3
Source원문

復有市井村落之間, 恣情妄作, 偸生不正, 或多男女厭於養育, 往往以草藥毒之, 驚憂, 敗血不下, 衝心悶亂, 喘汗交作, 死者罔記. 須以解毒行血藥, 亟救之. 宜用白扁豆散. 《得效》

Translation영역
Further, in market towns and villages there are those who act wantonly and recklessly, who have conceived improperly, or who having many children are weary of rearing them, and who often poison the foetus with herbs; then in fright and distress the spoiled blood does not come down, surges to the heart with oppression and disorder, panting and sweating together — and the dead are beyond counting. They must be rescued urgently with medicines that resolve toxin and move blood. White Hyacinth Bean Powder is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter records induced abortion by herbal poison as a fact of village life — 死者罔記, the dead beyond counting — and gives a formula for the aftermath rather than a judgement. Two motives are named: pregnancy outside marriage and too many children to feed. The formula's own entry at 1.16.1 gives the prognosis as one in ten. **Poisoning with abortifacient herbs is a medical emergency.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.16.4
Source원문

婦人受孕, 遇三五七陽月, 必墮, 宜服芩朮湯ㆍ安胎丸, 以淸其熱. 若氣血不足, 則預服八物湯方見虛勞, 以防墮落.

Translation영역
Where a woman conceives and at the third, fifth or seventh month — the yang months — always miscarries, Scutellaria and Atractylodes Decoction and Quiet the Foetus Pill should be taken to clear the heat. Where the qi and blood are insufficient, Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter should be taken in advance to prevent the fall.

Immun 入門

1.16.5
Source원문

半産多在三五七月內, 若前次三箇月而墮, 則其後必如期復然. 凡半産後, 須多服養氣血固胎元之藥, 以補其虛. 厥後有胎, 先於兩箇月半後, 以防三月之墮, 至四箇半月後, 再服八九貼, 防過五月, 又至六箇半月後, 再服五七貼, 以防七月, 及至九箇月, 可保無虞. 《入門》

Translation영역
Half births mostly fall within the third, fifth or seventh month, and if the last was at three months the next will surely repeat at the same term. After any half birth, medicines that nourish qi and blood and secure the foetal origin should be taken in quantity to supplement the vacuity. When there is a pregnancy thereafter, take them first after two and a half months to guard against the fall at three; at four and a half months take eight or nine packets more to see it past five; at six and a half months take five to seven packets more to guard against seven; and by the ninth month it can be counted safe.
Clinical note임상 주석
A schedule of prophylaxis for recurrent loss, timed to arrive half a month before each of the dangerous months. The observation it rests on — 其後必如期復然, the next will repeat at the same term — is what modern obstetrics calls the pattern of recurrent loss at a consistent gestational age. The odd months are held dangerous because they are yang, and yang is fire. The chapter's medicine is built on the numerology but the practice it produces is sensible: treat in advance of the known risk.

Immun 入門

1.16.6
Source원문

半産, 宜用金匱當歸散ㆍ芎歸補中湯ㆍ安榮湯ㆍ千金保胎丸ㆍ五味安胎丸ㆍ和痛湯. 《諸方》

Translation영역
For half birth, Jingui Angelica Powder, Chuanxiong and Angelica Supplement the Centre Decoction, Quiet the Construction Decoction, Qianjin Protect the Foetus Pill, Five Flavours Quiet the Foetus Pill and Harmonize Pain Decoction are appropriate.

Jebang 諸方

1.16.12 Pulse Method in Miscarriage 脉法

1.16.12.1
Source원문

半産漏下, 革脉主之, 弱則血耗, 立見傾危. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
In half birth with leaking below, the drumskin pulse governs it; if weak, the blood is wasted, and collapse is seen at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
The drumskin pulse — 革, taut at the surface and empty beneath — is the Shanghan tradition's pulse for blood loss with the vessels still tense. Its softening is the sign that the reserve is gone.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.16.12.2
Source원문

少陰脉浮而緊, 緊則疝瘕, 腹中痛, 半産而墮傷. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where the lesser yin pulse is floating and tight, tight means mounting and conglomeration, pain within the abdomen, half birth and injury from the fall.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.16.13 Sudden Fall of the Foetus 卒墮胎

1.16.13.1
Source원문

孕婦六月七月, 暴下斗餘水, 其胎必倚而墮. 此非時, 孤漿預下故也.

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman in the sixth or seventh month suddenly passes more than a mal of water, the foetus will surely lean and fall. This is because the lone fluid has come down beforehand, out of its time.
Clinical note임상 주석
孤漿預下 — the lone fluid coming down before its time — is premature rupture of the membranes, and the chapter's reading that the foetus will follow is right in outline. 斗餘, more than a mal, is a large volume. **Loss of fluid before term requires urgent obstetric assessment.**

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.16.13.2
Source원문

胎漏者, 徐徐下水, 今暴下而多, 故知墮胎也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
In uterine spotting the water comes down slowly; here it comes suddenly and in quantity, and by this the fall of the foetus is known.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.17 Reading the Colour to Tell Whether the Foetus Lives or Dies 察色驗胎生死

1.17.1
Source원문

胎動不安甚者, 當以母形色察之. 母面赤舌靑者, 母活子死. 面靑舌赤口中沫出者, 母死子活. 脣舌俱靑兩邊沫出者, 母子俱死. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where foetal stirring and unrest are severe, it should be read from the mother's form and colour. Where the mother's face is red and her tongue green, the mother lives and the child dies. Where the face is green and the tongue red with froth at the mouth, the mother dies and the child lives. Where lips and tongue are both green with froth at both sides, mother and child both die.
Clinical note임상 주석
A prognostic table in three rows, and the signs it uses — cyanosis of the tongue and lips, froth at the mouth — are signs of the mother's own collapse. What is being read is not the child but the mother, and the child's fate is inferred from hers. **Cyanosis and frothing in a pregnant woman are signs of critical illness requiring immediate emergency care.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.17.2
Source원문

孕婦腹痛胎不動, 欲知生死, 以手摸之, 冷在何面, 冷者爲死, 溫者爲生. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has abdominal pain and the foetus does not move, to know whether it lives or dies, feel with the hand which side is cold: cold is dead, warm is living.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.17.3
Source원문

胎死腹中, 則産母面靑, 指甲靑, 脣舌靑, 口臭, 如兩臉微紅, 則母活子死. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where the foetus is dead in the belly, the mother's face is green, the nails green, the lips and tongue green, and the mouth foul; if the two cheeks are faintly red, the mother lives and the child dies.
Clinical note임상 주석
口臭, a foul mouth, is the one sign here that points to the child rather than the mother — the smell of a retained dead foetus beginning to decompose. The chapter's 1.26 treats what follows.

Dansim 丹心

1.17.4
Source원문

孕婦舌黑者, 子已死矣. 全以舌爲證驗. 佛手散救之方見下. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman's tongue is black, the child is already dead. The tongue is the whole of the proof. Buddha's Hand Powder rescues it formula below.
Clinical note임상 주석
全以舌爲證驗 — the tongue is the whole of the proof — reduces the section to one sign. A black tongue in a pregnant woman means the child is dead, and Bulsu-san is given to bring it down. **Intrauterine fetal death requires hospital management; retained products cause infection and coagulopathy.**

Hoechun 回春

1.18 The Signs of Approaching Birth 欲産候

1.18.1
Source원문

姙婦月滿, 脉離經離經脉見下, 設腹痛引腰脊, 爲欲産也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman's months are full and the pulse has left the norm the pulse leaving the norm is treated below, and there is abdominal pain drawing into the lumbus and spine, she is about to give birth.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.18.2
Source원문

孕婦臍腹俱痛, 連腰引痛, 眼中生火, 此是兒轉. 盖腎繫於腰, 胞繫於腎故也. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has pain of navel and abdomen together, drawing pain into the lumbus, and fire arising in the eyes — this is the child turning. For the kidney is fastened at the lumbus and the womb is fastened to the kidney.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.18.3
Source원문

孕婦入月, 腹痛或作或止, 名曰弄痛, 非正産之候. 或腹雖痛而腰不甚痛, 非正産之候. 胎高未陷下者, 非正産之候. 穀道未挺迸者, 非正産之候. 水漿未破, 血未出者, 非正産之候. 漿血雖出而腹不痛, 非正産之候. 且令扶行熟忍, 不可坐草. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has entered the month and the abdominal pain comes and goes, this is called teasing pain and is not the sign of true birth. Where the abdomen pains but the lumbus not greatly, it is not the sign of true birth. Where the foetus is high and has not sunk down, it is not the sign of true birth. Where the grain path has not begun to bulge, it is not the sign of true birth. Where the waters have not broken and blood has not shown, it is not the sign of true birth. Where fluid and blood have shown but the abdomen does not pain, it is not the sign of true birth. Have her walk supported and bear it patiently, and do not put her to the straw.
Clinical note임상 주석
Six things that are not labour, and the sixfold repetition of 非正産之候 is the point. 弄痛, teasing pain, is the tradition's name for false labour, and the section's whole concern is that a woman put to the straw too soon is exhausted before the real work begins. The signs named — descent of the head, bulging of the perineum, rupture of membranes, show — are the same ones used now.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.18.4
Source원문

凡孕婦, 直待胎氣陷下, 子逼陰戶, 腰重痛極, 眼中生火, 穀道挺迸, 此正欲産之候. 方上草用力. 《良方》

Translation영역
Wait until the foetal qi has sunk down, the child presses at the yin door, the lumbus is heavy and the pain extreme, fire arises in the eyes and the grain path bulges — this is the true sign of approaching birth. Only then go to the straw and bear down.
Clinical note임상 주석
方上草用力 — only then go to the straw and bear down — is the instruction the previous passage was building toward. The chapter does not want the mother pushing until the second stage has begun, and Naeso-san at 1.22.16 is its formula for what happens when she does.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.18.1 Pulse Method at Approaching Birth 脉法

1.18.1.1
Source원문

歌曰, 欲産之婦脉離經, 沈細而滑也同名. 夜半覺痛應分誕, 來日午後定知生. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
A verse says: the pulse of a woman about to give birth has left the norm — sunken, fine and slippery all bear the same name. Pain felt at midnight means the birth is due; by the afternoon of the next day it is certain she will deliver.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.18.1.2
Source원문

難經云, 一呼三至, 曰離經, 一呼一至, 亦曰離經, 婦人欲産者, 脉皆離經, 夜半覺痛, 日中卽生也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
The Nanjing says: three beats to one breath is called leaving the norm, and one beat to one breath is also called leaving the norm. In a woman about to give birth the pulse always leaves the norm; pain felt at midnight, and she delivers at noon.
Clinical note임상 주석
離經, leaving the norm, means a pulse that has left its usual rate in either direction — too fast or too slow. Either way it marks the onset of labour, and the Gangmok's timing gives twelve hours from first pain to delivery, which is close to the average for a first birth.

Gangmok 綱目

1.18.1.3
Source원문

尺脉轉急, 如切繩轉珠者, 卽産也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where the cubit pulse turns urgent, like a cut rope or rolling beads, the birth is at hand.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.18.1.4
Source원문

離經六至, 沈細而滑, 陣痛連腰, 胎卽時脫. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Leaving the norm at six beats, sunken, fine and slippery, with contractions running to the lumbus — the foetus is about to come away.

Dansim 丹心

1.19 Safeguarding the Birth 保産

1.19.1
Source원문

難産之婦, 皆是八九箇月內, 不能謹慾, 以致氣血虛故也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Women with difficult births are all those who in the eighth and ninth months could not restrain desire, so that the qi and blood became vacuous.

Dansim 丹心

1.19.2
Source원문

大凡生産, 自有時候, 切不可强服催生滑胎等藥. 又不可坐草早, 及令坐婆亂用手法. 《良方》

Translation영역
In general, birth has its own time, and medicines to hasten the birth or make the foetus slippery must on no account be forced. Nor may she be put to the straw early, nor the midwife be allowed to use her hands recklessly.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three prohibitions against interfering: no forced hastening, no early pushing, no rough handling by the midwife. 坐婆亂用手法 — the midwife using her hands recklessly — is the chapter's one direct criticism of the practitioner in the room, and the twelve births of 1.21 describe what such handling produces.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.19.3
Source원문

世之難産者, 多見於富貴安逸之人, 其貧賤辛苦者, 無有也. 古方有瘦胎飮卽枳殼散, 本爲湖陽公主作也. 以其奉養厚而氣盛, 故製此方, 實非極至之論也. 一婦人苦於難産, 後遇胎孕則觸而去之. 予以大全紫蘇飮, 加補氣藥, 與十數貼, 後得男而甚快. 因名其方, 曰達生散. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Difficult births in the world are seen mostly among the wealthy, noble and idle; among the poor, mean and hard-working there are none. The old formularies have Thin the Foetus Drink that is, Bitter Orange Powder, made originally for the Princess of Huyang; because she was richly nourished and her qi exuberant, this formula was devised — it is truly not an argument that reaches the ultimate. A woman suffered from difficult births, and after that would get rid of any pregnancy she met with. I gave her the Daquan's Perilla Drink with supplementing medicines added, ten or more packets, and afterwards she bore a son with great ease. So I named the formula Reach the Birth Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi's origin story for Dalsaeng-san, and the argument he makes against the older formula: Thin the Foetus was made for a pampered princess and does not suit everyone. 後遇胎孕則觸而去之 — after that she would get rid of any pregnancy — is recorded plainly. A woman so afraid of labour that she aborted rather than face it again, and the cure was a formula that let her deliver easily. The social observation at the start — that the labouring poor deliver easily and the idle rich do not — was widely held and is not without basis; sedentary pregnancy does carry a higher rate of complications.

Dansim 丹心

1.19.4
Source원문

懷孕之婦, 不曾行動舒伸, 忍痛曲身側臥, 故子在腹中, 不能轉動, 以致有橫生逆産, 甚則子死腹中, 愼之. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has never moved about and stretched herself, but bears the pain curled up and lying on her side, the child in the belly cannot turn, and so there is sideways and breech birth, and at worst the child dies in the belly. Take care.
Clinical note임상 주석
Malpresentation attributed to the mother's inactivity, and the advice that follows from it — move about, stretch — is what 1.14 prescribed for the whole pregnancy.

Dansim 丹心

1.19.5
Source원문

凡月數滿足, 方覺腹痛, 不可驚動太早, 令産母恐怖. 盖恐則氣怯, 怯則上焦閉下焦脹, 氣乃不行, 以到難産. 急服紫蘇飮方見下, 以寬其氣. 《正傳》

Translation영역
When the months are full and abdominal pain is first felt, do not stir alarm too early and make the mother afraid. For fear makes the qi timid; timid, the upper burner closes and the lower burner distends, the qi does not move, and a difficult birth follows. Give Perilla Drink formula below at once to ease the qi.
Clinical note임상 주석
恐則氣怯 — fear makes the qi timid — and the physiology that follows describes what fear does to labour: the upper body clenches, the lower body swells, and nothing moves. The instruction is to keep the room calm. That fear impedes labour is well established, and the mechanism proposed — closing above, distending below — is as good a description of a frightened woman in labour as any.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.19.6
Source원문

子在母腹中, 全賴漿水滋養, 十月數足, 血氣完全, 形神俱備, 忽如夢覺, 自能折胞求路而出. 夫胞漿者, 本胞內養兒之水也. 若胎元壯健者, 胞旣折破, 卽隨漿而下, 故易産也. 其困弱者, 轉頭遲慢, 胞漿旣乾, 汚血閉塞道路, 是以難産. 宜用催生如聖散ㆍ催生丹ㆍ神效乳珠丹ㆍ佛手散ㆍ如神散ㆍ黑神散ㆍ二退散ㆍ三退散ㆍ三退六一散ㆍ兎腦丸ㆍ龍蛻散ㆍ黑龍丹ㆍ催生散. 《諸方》

Translation영역
The child in the mother's belly depends wholly on the fluid for nourishment; when the count of ten months is full, the blood and qi are complete and form and spirit both furnished, and suddenly, as if waking from a dream, it breaks the membrane of itself and seeks a way out. The membrane fluid is the water within the womb that nourishes the child. Where the foetal origin is strong, once the membrane is broken it comes down at once with the fluid, and so the birth is easy. Where it is weak, the turning of the head is slow and sluggish, the membrane fluid has already dried, and foul blood blocks the road — hence the birth is hard. Hasten the Birth Sagely Powder, Hasten the Birth Elixir, Spirit Effect Frankincense Pearl Elixir, Buddha's Hand Powder, Spirit-Like Powder, Black Spirit Powder, Two Sloughs Powder, Three Sloughs Powder, Three Sloughs Six to One Powder, Rabbit Brain Pill, Dragon Slough Powder, Black Dragon Elixir and Hasten the Birth Powder are used.
Clinical note임상 주석
忽如夢覺 — suddenly, as if waking from a dream — is the chapter's account of the onset of labour from the child's side. The child, not the mother, breaks the membrane and seeks the way out. The mechanism of difficult birth that follows — the head turning slowly, the fluid drying, the passage clogging — is what all thirteen formulas named are meant to correct, and most of them work by making the passage slippery again.

Jebang 諸方

1.19.7
Source원문

臨産不可喧鬨, 且進粥飯. 令人扶策徐徐而行, 若不得則凭物而立. 痛陣轉密, 産候將至, 然後坐草, 且進催生藥, 直待兒逼産門, 用力一下, 自然易産. 《得效》

Translation영역
At the birth there must be no noise and commotion, and congee and rice should be given. Have someone support her and walk slowly; if she cannot, have her stand leaning on something. When the contractions grow closer and the signs of birth are about to arrive, only then put her to the straw and give the hastening medicine; wait until the child presses at the birth gate, then bear down once, and the birth is easy of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
The birth attendant's instructions in one passage: quiet, food, walking, standing supported, and the straw only when the contractions are close. Every point here is what a modern midwife would say, and the chapter states it four centuries earlier.

Deukhyo 得效

1.19.8
Source원문

坐草之時, 驀然目翻口噤吐沫者, 宜用霹靂丹. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where at the time of going to the straw the eyes suddenly roll back, the jaw clenches and froth is spat, Thunderbolt Elixir is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Convulsion in labour is eclampsia until proven otherwise — a life-threatening emergency requiring magnesium sulfate and immediate delivery.**

Immun 入門

1.20 Thinning the Foetus to Make the Birth Easy 瘦胎令易産

1.20.1
Source원문

孕婦氣血虛弱者, 九十月之際, 不謹守養者, 及婦人過於安逸或肥盛, 以致氣血凝滯, 而不能轉運者, 宜用達生散ㆍ瘦胎枳甘散ㆍ救生散ㆍ佛手散ㆍ益母丸ㆍ縮胎丸ㆍ束胎丸ㆍ神寢元, 則自然易産. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman's qi and blood are vacuous and weak, or in the ninth and tenth months she has not carefully kept the regimen, or where a woman is too idle or too stout so that the qi and blood congeal and stagnate and cannot turn and move — Reach the Birth Powder, Thin the Foetus Bitter Orange and Licorice Powder, Save Life Powder, Buddha's Hand Powder, Motherwort Pill, Contract the Foetus Pill, Bind the Foetus Pill and Spirit Rest Pill are used, and the birth is then easy of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
瘦胎, thinning the foetus, sounds like it means making the child smaller and does not. The passage names the actual target — qi and blood that have congealed and cannot turn — and every formula in the list moves qi. The child is not thinned; the mother is unstuck.

Immun 入門

1.21 The Ten Kinds of Birth 十産候

1.21.1
Source원문

十産候者, 一曰正産, 二曰坐産, 三曰臥産, 四曰橫産, 五曰逆産, 六曰偏産, 七曰礙産, 八曰盤腸産, 九曰熱産, 十曰凍産. 《良方》

Translation영역
The ten kinds of birth: the first is proper birth, the second sitting birth, the third lying birth, the fourth sideways birth, the fifth inverted birth, the sixth oblique birth, the seventh obstructed birth, the eighth coiled-bowel birth, the ninth hot birth, and the tenth frozen birth.
Clinical note임상 주석
A typology of delivery, and it mixes kinds: three are positions the mother takes, four are presentations of the child, one is prolapse, and two are the weather. What unites them is that each has a management, given in the twelve subsections that follow. The list is Chen Ziming's from the Buin Daejeon Yangbang of 1237, and it remained the standard obstetric scheme of the tradition for six centuries.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.21.2
Source원문

又有傷産ㆍ催産. 《回春》

Translation영역
There are also injured birth and hastened birth.

Hoechun 回春

1.21.1 Proper Birth 正産

1.21.1.1
Source원문

正産, 謂月數已滿, 忽然臍腹陣痛, 胎孕陷下, 漿水淋下, 用力一努, 其兒遂生. 《良方》

Translation영역
Proper birth means the months already full, sudden contractions in the navel and abdomen, the foetus sinking down, the waters trickling down, one push of effort, and the child is born.
Clinical note임상 주석
The normal case, stated in one sentence so that the eleven that follow can be measured against it. 用力一努 — one push — is the ideal, and 1.18.4 says when it is allowed.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.21.2 Sitting Birth 坐産

1.21.2.1
Source원문

謂臨産, 孕婦疲倦, 久坐椅蓐, 兒抵生路, 不能下生, 當於高處, 懸弔手巾, 令産婦攀引, 輕輕屈足, 兒卽順生. 《良方》

Translation영역
This means that at the birth the mother is weary, has sat long on the chair or mat, and the child has reached the birth road but cannot come down. Hang a towel from a high place, have the mother grip and pull on it, bending her legs gently, and the child is born in order at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A towel hung from a beam for the mother to pull on — the tradition's birthing rope, and a device still used. Pulling upward with the arms straightens the trunk and opens the pelvis, and the chapter arrives at it by observation.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.21.3 Lying Birth 臥産

1.21.3.1
Source원문

謂産母臥定, 背平着席, 體不偃曲, 則兒不失其道, 自然易産. 《良方》

Translation영역
This means the mother lying settled, her back flat on the mat and her body not bent or curled, so that the child does not lose its road, and the birth is easy of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
Not a complication but a position, and the instruction is against the curled side-lying that 1.19.4 blamed for malpresentation. Flat on the back with the body straight.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.21.4 Sideways Birth 橫産

1.21.4.1
Source원문

謂兒先露手或臂者. 治法, 當令産母仰面安臥, 收生之人, 徐徐先推兒下截, 令直上冲, 通手以中指摩其肩, 推上而正之, 漸引手攀其耳, 令頭正, 候兒身正, 門路順, 却服催生藥, 安詳上草, 自然易産. 《正傳》

Translation영역
This means the child showing a hand or an arm first. The method: have the mother lie calmly on her back; the one receiving the birth first pushes the child's lower part slowly so that it rises straight, then reaches in and with the middle finger strokes the shoulder, pushing it up and straightening it; gradually draws the hand to hold the ear and set the head straight; and when the child's body is straight and the road in order, then gives the hastening medicine, goes calmly to the straw, and the birth is easy of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
Internal version described step by step: push the presenting part back up, find the shoulder, bring the head down by the ear. This is a manoeuvre, not a medicine, and the chapter gives it in detail. **Transverse lie at term requires caesarean delivery. Internal version is no longer attempted except in specific twin deliveries, and carries a risk of uterine rupture.**

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.5 Inverted Birth 逆産

1.21.5.1
Source원문

逆産者先露足, 橫産者先露手, 坐産者先露臀, 皆用力太早之過也. 若手足先露者, 用細鍼, 刺兒手足心, 入一二分, 三四次刺之, 以鹽塗其上, 輕輕送入, 兒得痛, 驚轉一縮, 卽順生下. 又兒脚先生者, 謂之蹈蓮花生, 急以鹽塗兒脚心, 因急搔之, 倂以鹽摩母腹上, 則自然正生矣. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Inverted birth shows a foot first, sideways birth a hand, sitting birth the buttocks, and all are the fault of bearing down too early. Where a hand or foot shows first, use a fine needle and prick the centre of the child's palm or sole, one or two pun deep, three or four times; smear salt on it and gently send it back in; the child, feeling the pain, starts and turns and draws back, and is then born in order. And where a child's foot comes first, called treading-the-lotus birth, quickly smear salt on the sole and scratch it sharply, and rub salt on the mother's belly as well, and it rights itself of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
皆用力太早之過 — all are the fault of bearing down too early — is the chapter's diagnosis for every malpresentation, and it is why 1.18 spends so long on not pushing. Pricking and salting the presenting limb to make the child withdraw it is the section's most striking manoeuvre, and it does describe something real: a foetus will withdraw a limb from a painful stimulus. Whether it then turns is another matter. **Footling and transverse presentation at term require caesarean delivery.**

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.6 Oblique Birth 偏産

1.21.6.1
Source원문

謂兒頭偏柱一傍, 雖逼近産門, 初非露正頂, 止露額角者. 治法, 令産母仰臥, 收生之人, 輕輕推兒近上, 以手正其頭, 令兒頭頂端正向産門, 一逼卽下.

Translation영역
This means the child's head lodged to one side, so that though it presses close to the birth gate, it does not show the crown but only the corner of the forehead. The method: have the mother lie on her back; the one receiving the birth gently pushes the child back up, sets the head straight with the hand so that the crown faces the birth gate squarely, and with one push it comes down.
Clinical note임상 주석
止露額角 — showing only the corner of the forehead — is brow or asynclitic presentation, and the chapter's answer is to push the head back and straighten it. That the presenting part was identified as the forehead rather than the crown shows the attendant was examining closely.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.6.2
Source원문

又有兒頭後骨, 偏柱穀道者, 當以綿衣灸火, 令熱裹手, 急於穀道外傍, 徐徐推之, 漸漸近上, 令頭正, 然後上草, 卽産. 《正傳》

Translation영역
There is also the case of the back of the child's head lodged against the grain path. Warm a padded cloth at the fire, wrap the hand in it hot, and at the outer side of the grain path push slowly, gradually working upward until the head is straight; then go to the straw, and the birth follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
The occiput caught against the rectum is occiput posterior, and the correction is external — a warmed hand pushing from outside beside the anus. The heat is for the mother's comfort and the attendant's grip, and it is the one gentle instruction in a section of forceful ones.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.7 Obstructed Birth 礙産

1.21.7.1
Source원문

謂兒頭雖正, 産門已露其頂, 而不能生下者. 此因兒轉之時, 臍帶攀掛兒肩, 致不能生. 治法, 令産母仰臥, 收生之人, 輕輕推兒近上, 徐徐通手, 以中指按兒兩肩, 理脫臍帶, 候兒身正順, 用力一送, 卽産. 《正傳》

Translation영역
This means the child's head straight and the crown already showing at the birth gate, yet it cannot come down. It is because when the child turned, the cord caught over its shoulder, so that it cannot be born. The method: have the mother lie on her back; the one receiving the birth gently pushes the child back up, slowly reaches in, presses the two shoulders with the middle finger, works the cord free, and when the child's body is straight and in order, one push, and it is born.
Clinical note임상 주석
A nuchal cord identified as the cause of arrest, and the correction is to reach in and slip it. The observation is accurate — a cord around the shoulder does hold the head back after it has crowned — and the manoeuvre is what an attendant would attempt. **Arrest of descent after crowning requires urgent obstetric assessment; shoulder dystocia is a life-threatening emergency for the child.**

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.8 Coiled-Bowel Birth 盤腸産

1.21.8.1
Source원문

謂孕婦臥産時, 子腸先出, 兒卽隨産. 治法, 頂上貼如聖膏方見下, 自然收縮, 卽以水洗去. 如腸頭爲風吹乾, 不能收入, 以磨刀水, 微溫潤腸, 煎好磁石湯一盃, 産母飮之, 則其腸自收.

Translation영역
This means that when the mother is lying in labour, the child-bowel comes out first and the child follows at once. The method: stick Sagely Paste formula below on the crown of the head and it draws back of itself, then wash it away with water at once. If the end of the bowel has been dried by the wind and cannot be drawn in, moisten it with knife-grinding water warmed slightly, and decoct a cup of good magnetite decoction for the mother to drink, and the bowel draws in of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
子腸, the child-bowel, is the tradition's term for what prolapses — in practice the rectum or the vaginal wall, or the uterus itself after the child has passed. The paste at the crown to draw it up is the same reasoning 1.25 applies in reverse at the navel. 磨刀水, knife-grinding water, is the slurry left in a whetstone trough. Magnetite drinks are held to draw things back inward.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.8.2
Source원문

又法, 以溫湯潤其腸, 令産母仰臥, 以言安慰, 却用好醋半盞, 新汲水七分調和, 忽噀産母之面或背則收. 每一噀一縮, 三噀三縮, 腸已盡收矣. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Another method: moisten the bowel with warm water, have the mother lie on her back and speak to reassure her; then mix half a cup of good vinegar with seven parts of newly drawn water and suddenly spray it in her face or on her back, and it draws in. With each spray it draws in once; three sprays, three withdrawals, and the bowel is wholly in.
Clinical note임상 주석
A startle used as treatment. The sudden cold spray makes the mother gasp and clench, and each clench draws the prolapse up a little. 以言安慰 — reassure her with words — first, and then the shock. **Postpartum prolapse requires medical assessment. A prolapsed uterus must be replaced promptly to prevent shock.**

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.9 Hot Birth 熱産

1.21.9.1
Source원문

臨産時, 當盛暑, 宜居深幽靜室, 日色遠處, 開啓窓戶, 多貯淸水照氷, 以防發熱之患. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where the birth falls in the height of summer, she should be in a deep, secluded and quiet room far from the sun, with the windows and doors opened, and much clear water stored and ice set out, to guard against the trouble of fever.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.10 Frozen Birth 凍産

1.21.10.1
Source원문

謂嚴冬解産. 宜密閉房戶, 內外生火, 常令煖氣如春, 仍厚覆下體, 常使溫和, 免致難産. 《正傳》

Translation영역
This means delivery in deep winter. The room should be shut tight, fires lit inside and out, the air kept warm as spring, and the lower body covered thickly and kept constantly warm, to avoid a difficult birth.
Clinical note임상 주석
The two weather births make one point between them: the mother's temperature is managed. Cold makes the qi congeal and the birth hard, and Yangyuk-tang at 1.29.17.7 treats what follows a winter delivery gone wrong.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.21.11 Injured Birth 傷産

1.21.11.1
Source원문

傷産者, 過月而産, 有經一二年, 至三四五年而産者. 或蒼皇用力太早, 漿水先下, 敗血裹住, 宜用勝金散. 或新汲水, 磨京墨服之, 墨裹兒卽出. 《入門》

Translation영역
Injured birth is birth past the month — there are cases of a year or two, even three, four or five years before delivery. Or in haste and alarm bearing down too early, the waters come first and spoiled blood wraps the child; Surpassing Gold Powder is appropriate. Or grind capital ink in newly drawn water and drink it, and the ink wraps the child and it comes out.
Clinical note임상 주석
有經一二年, 至三四五年而産者 — pregnancies said to last two, three, four or five years. What the chapter is recording is a missed abortion or a lithopaedion, retained for years and eventually passed, and it files it under births because it ends in a delivery. The ink is the same remedy the postpartum section uses at 1.29.2.6, and the reasoning is that the ink coats the child as it coats a brush.

Immun 入門

1.21.12 Hastened Birth 催産

1.21.12.1
Source원문

臨産日久, 産母困倦, 宜服催生藥, 以助血氣, 令兒速生. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where the birth has been long in coming and the mother is worn out, hastening medicines should be taken to assist the blood and qi and make the child come quickly.
Clinical note임상 주석
The twelfth kind closes the list by naming the treatment the rest of the section is about. 以助血氣 — to assist the blood and qi — is how the chapter understands hastening: not forcing the uterus but restoring the mother.

Hoechun 回春

1.22 Difficult Birth from the Crossed Bones Not Opening 交骨不開難産

1.22.1
Source원문

難産垂死, 及矮石女子, 交骨不開者, 用龜殼散ㆍ兎腦丸ㆍ來甦散ㆍ加味芎歸湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
In difficult birth near death, and in a small-statured woman whose crossed bones will not open, use Tortoise Shell Powder, Rabbit Brain Pill, Come Back to Life Powder and Augmented Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction.

Immun 入門

1.22.2
Source원문

凡産時, 交骨不開者, 陰氣虛也. 亦用加味芎歸湯. 《回春》

Translation영역
Whenever at the birth the crossed bones do not open, the yin qi is vacuous. Augmented Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction is likewise used.

Hoechun 回春

1.22.3
Source원문

産前軟胯方, 烏梅ㆍ生薑ㆍ甘草 各等分剉, 煎服. 便令胯骨軟, 易産不痛. 《得效》

Translation영역
A formula to soften the hips before birth: mume, fresh ginger and licorice in equal parts, cut up, decocted and taken; it makes the hip bones soft, the birth easy and painless.
Clinical note임상 주석
交骨, the crossed bones, is the pubic symphysis, and 矮石女子, a woman of small stature, names the constitution in which it will not give. The chapter has identified cephalopelvic disproportion and given it a section. 令胯骨軟 — making the hip bones soft — is the aim of the third formula, and the joint does loosen late in pregnancy under relaxin. No decoction accelerates that. **Cephalopelvic disproportion requires caesarean delivery.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.23 In Hastening Birth, Slippery and Freeing Medicinals Are Used 催生宜用滑利藥

1.23.1
Source원문

凡催生, 多用滑利迅速之藥, 如兎腦髓ㆍ筆頭灰ㆍ弩牙ㆍ蛇退之類, 是也.

Translation영역
In hastening birth, medicinals that are slippery, freeing and swift are mostly used — rabbit brain, burnt brush-tip, crossbow trigger and snake slough and their kind.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.23.2
Source원문

若水血多下, 子道乾澁者, 如猪脂ㆍ香油ㆍ蜂蜜ㆍ醇酒ㆍ童尿ㆍ葵子ㆍ牛乳ㆍ滑石ㆍ楡白皮之類, 是也.

Translation영역
Where much water and blood have come down and the child's road is dry and rough — lard, sesame oil, honey, strong wine, child's urine, malva seed, cow's milk, talc and elm bark and their kind.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four classes of hastening medicinal sorted by what has gone wrong, and this second class is the one that makes sense on its own terms: lubricants for a passage that has dried. Lard, oil, honey, milk, malva, elm bark — all mucilaginous or greasy, and all applied or taken to restore what the ruptured membranes have let out.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.23.3
Source원문

若風冷或入, 氣血凝滯者, 牛膝ㆍ葱白ㆍ桂心ㆍ生薑之類, 是也.

Translation영역
Where wind and cold have entered and the qi and blood congeal — achyranthes, scallion white, cinnamon heart and fresh ginger and their kind.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.23.4
Source원문

若觸犯惡氣, 心煩躁悶而難産者, 宜麝香ㆍ朱砂ㆍ乳香ㆍ靑竹茹之類, 是也. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where a foul qi has been encountered and the heart is vexed and oppressed so that the birth is hard — musk, cinnabar, frankincense and green bamboo shavings and their kind.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.23.5
Source원문

難産日久, 漿水多下, 胞乾, 兒不得下, 香油ㆍ淸蜜 各一椀, 火上微沸, 調滑石末一兩, 攪服之, 外以油蜜, 摩母臍腹上, 卽驗. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where the birth has been long in coming, the waters have come down in quantity, the womb is dry and the child cannot come down — sesame oil and clear honey a bowl each, brought just to the boil, with 1 nyang of powdered talc stirred in, stirred and taken; and with oil and honey rubbed on the mother's navel and belly outside. The effect follows.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.23.6
Source원문

油ㆍ蜜ㆍ童尿和服, 最治難産, 和益母膏, 尤妙.

Translation영역
Oil, honey and child's urine taken together is best of all for difficult birth; with Motherwort Paste mixed in, better still.

Dansim 丹心

1.23.7
Source원문

楡白皮湯, 亦可用. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Elm Bark Decoction may also be used.
Clinical note임상 주석
Elm bark is the tradition's standard demulcent, and the Uterus chapter's simples list carries it for the same purpose. The whole section rests on making the passage slippery, and this is the plainest instance.

Dansim 丹心

1.24 Warding Methods 禳法

1.24.1
Source원문

臨産之初, 先脫産婦尋常所穿衣, 以籠竈頭及竈口, 則易産. 勿令産母知. 《得效》

Translation영역
At the start of labour, first take off the clothes the mother ordinarily wears and drape them over the stove-top and the stove mouth, and the birth is easy. Do not let the mother know.

Deukhyo 得效

1.24.2
Source원문

臨産, 取赤馬皮鋪之, 令産母坐其上, 則催生易産.

Translation영역
At the birth, spread out a red horse's hide and have the mother sit on it, and it hastens the birth and eases it.

Boncho 本草

1.24.3
Source원문

又法, 取鼺鼠皮毛卽飛生也, 産母手持之, 卽産. 又海馬或石燕子, 兩手各把一枚, 卽驗. 《本草》

Translation영역
Another method: take the skin and fur of the flying squirrel that is, the flying-born, and have the mother hold it in her hand, and the birth follows. Or a sea horse or a stone swallow, one held in each hand, and the effect follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
禳, warding, is the tradition's word for a remedy that works by charm rather than by substance, and the chapter marks these sections as such. Every item here is chosen for its name: the flying squirrel is 飛生, born flying; the stone swallow is a fossil brachiopod that was held to fly. 勿令産母知 — do not let the mother know — recurs in 1.27.7 and is the tell. The charm works on the household's confidence, and the chapter half knows it.

Boncho 本草

1.25 Methods of External Application 外貼法

1.25.1
Source원문

凡難産催生, 內服湯丸, 外用藥付貼, 庶有十全之效. 宜如神丹ㆍ如聖膏ㆍ立聖丹ㆍ遇仙丹. 《諸方》

Translation영역
In difficult birth and hastening, decoctions and pills are taken within and medicines are applied and stuck on without, so that the effect may be complete. Spirit-Like Elixir, Sagely Paste, Establish the Sage Elixir and Meeting the Immortal Elixir are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
All four are pastes of croton, castor seed, cinnabar or realgar applied at the navel and washed off the moment the birth is done. The formulas' own entries carry the details and the warnings.

Jebang 諸方

1.26 Bringing Down a Dead Foetus 下死胎

1.26.1
Source원문

須參考上驗胎生死條, 治之.

Translation영역
Consult the section above on telling whether the foetus lives or dies, and treat accordingly.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.26.2
Source원문

胎死則母舌必黑, 外證指甲靑黑, 心腹脹悶, 口中極臭. 平胃散方見五藏一貼, 加朴硝五錢, 酒水相半煎服, 其胎卽化血水而下. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the foetus is dead the mother's tongue is always black; the outward signs are the nails green-black, the heart and abdomen distended and oppressed, and the mouth extremely foul. One packet of Calm the Stomach Powder formula in the Five Viscera chapter with 5 don of crude mirabilite added, decocted in half wine and half water and taken, and the foetus turns to bloody water and comes down.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four signs of intrauterine death — black tongue, dark nails, distension, foul breath — and the last two are real: a retained dead foetus produces both. 其胎卽化血水而下 — the foetus turns to bloody water and comes down — describes the passage of a macerated foetus, and mirabilite at five don is a strong purgative. **Intrauterine fetal death requires hospital management. Retained products cause sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.26.3
Source원문

雙胎一死一生, 服此則死者出, 生者安. 蟹爪一升, 大甘草五錢半生半炒, 東流水十盞煎至三盞, 去滓, 入阿膠二兩半生半炒, 令消化, 分二三次頓服, 卽出. 藥竈宜東向, 用葦爲薪. 《類聚》

Translation영역
Where of twins one is dead and one alive, taking this brings out the dead and settles the living. Crab claw 1 seung; large licorice 5 don half raw and half stir-fried; reduce in 10 cups of east-flowing water to 3 cups, strain, put in 2 nyang of ass-hide glue half raw and half stir-fried and let it dissolve; divide into two or three doses taken at a draught, and it comes out. The stove should face east, and reeds be used for fuel.
Clinical note임상 주석
A formula that claims to sort the living twin from the dead — crab claw to bring down, glue to hold. The claim is beyond any medicine, but the situation it addresses is real and the chapter takes it seriously enough to specify the stove's direction and the fuel. **Single fetal demise in a twin pregnancy requires specialist obstetric management.**

Yuchwi 類聚

1.26.4
Source원문

死胎着脊不出, 氣欲死, 猪脂ㆍ白蜜 各一升, 醇酒 二升. 右合煎, 取二升, 分溫兩服, 卽下. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where a dead foetus clings to the spine and will not come out and the qi is near failing — lard and white honey 1 seung each, strong wine 2 seung; decoct together to 2 seung and take warm in two doses, and it comes down.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.26.5
Source원문

死胎不下, 宜用佛手散ㆍ三退散方見上ㆍ香桂散ㆍ桂香丸ㆍ奪命丸ㆍ烏金散ㆍ催生散方見上.

Translation영역
Where a dead foetus does not come down, Buddha's Hand Powder, Three Sloughs Powder formula above, Fragrant Cinnamon Powder, Cinnamon and Fragrance Pill, Seize Life Pill, Black Gold Powder and Hasten the Birth Powder formula above are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.27 The Placenta Not Coming Down 胞衣不下

1.27.1
Source원문

凡産後胞衣不下, 稍久則血流入胞中, 胞爲血所脹, 上衝心胸, 喘急疼痛, 必致危篤. 宜急斷臍帶, 以小物繫帶牢固, 然後切斷, 使惡血不潮入胞中, 則胞衣自當痿縮而下, 縱淹延數日, 亦不害人. 只要産母心懷安泰, 勉進粥飯, 終自下矣. 累試有驗. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where after delivery the placenta does not come down, if it is left a little while blood flows into it, it is distended by the blood, surges up to the heart and chest with hurried panting and pain, and grave danger follows. The cord should be cut at once: tie the cord fast with something small, then cut it, so that spoiled blood does not flood into the placenta; the placenta will then wither and shrink and come down of itself, and even if it lingers several days it does no harm. It needs only that the mother keep her heart at peace and make herself eat congee and rice, and it comes down at last of itself. Tried many times and proven.
Clinical note임상 주석
Tie and cut the cord at once, then wait. The mechanism given — that blood flows back into an uncut placenta and distends it — is wrong, but the practice is right in its outcome: tying the cord and not pulling on it is what prevents the worst complication of the third stage, which is inversion of the uterus. 縱淹延數日, 亦不害人 — even if it lingers several days it does no harm — is where the chapter and modern practice part. A placenta retained for days is a route for sepsis. **Retained placenta beyond thirty minutes requires manual removal under anaesthesia.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.27.2
Source원문

胞衣不下, 切不可令坐婆, 妄用手法探取. 或因此而殂, 或損破尿胞, 爲終身之害, 可不謹歟. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where the placenta does not come down, on no account let the midwife use her hands recklessly to reach in and take it. Some die from this, some have the bladder injured and torn, and it is a lifelong harm — how can one not be careful?
Clinical note임상 주석
The second warning against the midwife's hands, and the specific injury named — 損破尿胞, the bladder torn — is vesicovaginal fistula. 爲終身之害, a lifelong harm, is exactly what it was. The two passages together are the chapter's policy: cut the cord, do not pull, do not reach in, wait. It is conservative to a fault, but the fault it was guarding against was real.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.27.3
Source원문

兒之初生, 惡血流入衣中, 衣爲血所脹塞, 故不能下, 須臾衝上逼心, 卽死. 急服奪命丹, 貼如聖膏方見上.

Translation영역
When the child is first born, spoiled blood flows into the placenta, which is distended and blocked by it and so cannot come down; in a moment it surges up and presses on the heart, and she dies. Give Seize Life Elixir at once and stick on Sagely Paste formula above.

Immun 入門

1.27.4
Source원문

胞衣不下, 宜用黑龍丹方見上ㆍ花蘂石散ㆍ牛膝湯ㆍ三退飮ㆍ返魂丹方見上ㆍ一字神散.

Translation영역
Where the placenta does not come down, Black Dragon Elixir formula above, Flower Stamen Stone Powder, Achyranthes Decoction, Three Sloughs Drink, Return the Soul Elixir formula above and One Word Spirit Powder are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.27.7 Warding Methods for the Placenta 禳法

1.27.7.1
Source원문

胞衣不下, 取産母裩, 覆井口上, 勿令産母知之, 立下. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where the placenta does not come down, take the mother's trousers and cover the mouth of the well with them, without letting her know, and it comes down at once.

Boncho 本草

1.27.7.2
Source원문

又法, 取初洗兒湯一盞, 服之, 勿令産母知, 立下. 《四要》

Translation영역
Another method: take a cup of the water the child was first washed in and have her drink it, without letting her know, and it comes down at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
勿令産母知 twice more. The charm depends on the mother not knowing it has been done, which says plainly that its working is in the minds of those around her rather than in anything done to her.

Sayo 四要

1.28 The Various Patterns Before Birth 産前諸證

1.28.1
Source원문

有子癎ㆍ子煩ㆍ子腫ㆍ子淋ㆍ子嗽ㆍ子痢ㆍ子瘧ㆍ子懸ㆍ感寒ㆍ孕婦不語ㆍ兒在腹中哭ㆍ孕婦腹中鍾鳴.

Translation영역
There are child convulsion, child vexation, child swelling, child dribbling, child cough, child dysentery, child malaria, child suspension, contraction of cold, the pregnant woman losing speech, the child crying in the belly, and bells ringing in the pregnant woman's belly.
Clinical note임상 주석
Twelve complications of pregnancy, and the first eight take the prefix 子 — child — which marks them as the ordinary diseases arising in a pregnant woman. The last four are oddities the chapter felt bound to include. The prefix is worth keeping in translation because it is how the tradition names these conditions: 子癎 is not the child's convulsion but the mother's, in pregnancy.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.28.1 Child Convulsion 子癎

1.28.1.1
Source원문

姙婦中風, 項背强直, 筋脉攣急, 口噤語澁, 痰盛昏迷, 時作時止, 或發搐, 不省人事, 名曰子癎, 亦曰兒暈, 甚則角弓反張. 宜用羚羊角湯, 輕者, 四物湯方見血門, 加葛根ㆍ牡丹皮ㆍ秦芃ㆍ細辛ㆍ防風ㆍ竹瀝. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman is struck by wind, with the nape and back rigid, the sinews and vessels cramping, the jaw clenched and speech halting, phlegm abundant and the mind clouded, coming and going, or with convulsive jerking and loss of awareness — this is called child convulsion, also child dizziness, and at its worst there is arched-back rigidity. Antelope Horn Decoction is used; in light cases, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with pueraria, moutan bark, large gentian, asarum, saposhnikovia and bamboo sap added.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eclampsia, described in full: rigidity, clenched jaw, clouded mind, intermittent convulsion, opisthotonos. The chapter reads it as wind and treats it as wind, and Yeongyanggak-tang at 1.28.1.1 is the formula. **Eclampsia is a life-threatening obstetric emergency requiring magnesium sulfate and immediate delivery.**

Immun 入門

1.28.2 Child Vexation 子煩

1.28.2.1
Source원문

姙婦心煩躁悶, 謂之子煩, 多於受胎後四五月間, 相火用事, 或値天令君火大行, 暑熱之時, 俱能發煩躁, 或胎動不安. 宜用竹葉湯ㆍ竹瀝湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has vexation of the heart with agitation and oppression, it is called child vexation. It is mostly in the fourth and fifth months after conception, when the ministerial fire takes charge; or when it meets the season's command in which the sovereign fire greatly prevails, the time of summer heat — both can bring on vexed agitation, or foetal stirring and unrest. Bamboo Leaf Decoction and Bamboo Sap Decoction are used.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Fire chapter's two fires applied to pregnancy: the ministerial fire of the fourth and fifth months, and the sovereign fire of summer. Both are cooled with bamboo, which is the mildest of the cold medicinals.

Immun 入門

1.28.3 Child Swelling 子腫

1.28.3.1
Source원문

孕婦因胎中有水, 多於五六箇月, 以致遍身浮腫, 腹脹喘急, 或腹大異常, 高過心胸, 氣逆不安. 若不治, 必損其胎. 宜用鯉魚湯, 因常食鯉魚粥, 又茯苓湯ㆍ防己湯ㆍ全生白朮散, 亦佳.

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has water in the womb, mostly at five or six months, so that the whole body is puffy and swollen, the abdomen distended with hurried panting, or the abdomen unusually large, rising above the heart and chest, the qi counterflowing without ease — if it is not treated the foetus will surely be lost. Carp Decoction is used, and carp congee eaten regularly; Poria Decoction, Stephania Decoction and Whole Life White Atractylodes Powder are also good.
Clinical note임상 주석
腹大異常, 高過心胸 — the abdomen unusually large, rising above the chest — with breathlessness at five or six months is polyhydramnios, and the chapter names its cause: 胎中有水, water in the womb. 若不治, 必損其胎 — the foetus will be lost — is the prognosis for the untreated case. Carp is the tradition's standing food for oedema in pregnancy, and the Oedema chapter's simples carry it. **Rapid abdominal enlargement in mid-pregnancy with breathlessness requires urgent ultrasound assessment.**

Immun 入門

1.28.3.2
Source원문

或頭面不腫, 兩脚微浮, 甚則自脚面腫至膝腿, 足指間有黃水出者, 謂之子氣, 亦曰脆脚. 平胃散方見五藏, 加赤茯苓ㆍ桑白皮, 煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역
Or where the head and face do not swell but both legs are slightly puffy, and at worst the swelling runs from the instep to the knee and thigh with a yellow water issuing between the toes — this is called child qi, also brittle legs. Calm the Stomach Powder formula in the Five Viscera chapter with red poria and mulberry root bark added, decocted and taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two swellings distinguished by where they are: whole-body swelling is 子腫 and is treated as water in the womb; leg swelling alone is 子氣 and is treated as damp in the spleen. The distinction matters because the first carries a risk to the pregnancy and the second is ordinary. **Generalized oedema in pregnancy with headache or visual disturbance suggests pre-eclampsia and requires urgent assessment.**

Immun 入門

1.28.4 Child Dribbling 子淋

1.28.4.1
Source원문

姙婦熱積膀胱, 或胎氣壅滿, 小便淋澁作痛, 名曰子淋, 又謂之子滿. 宜澤瀉湯ㆍ安榮散ㆍ地膚子湯ㆍ葵子茯苓散ㆍ忘憂散, 或芎歸湯方見下, 加木通ㆍ麥門冬ㆍ人參ㆍ燈心ㆍ甘草. 臨月, 加滑石, 煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has heat accumulated in the bladder, or the foetal qi congested and full, so that the urine dribbles roughly with pain, it is called child dribbling, also child fullness. Alisma Decoction, Quiet the Construction Powder, Kochia Decoction, Malva Seed and Poria Powder and Forget Worry Powder are appropriate; or Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction formula below with akebia, ophiopogon, ginseng, juncus and licorice added, and in the last month talc added, decocted and taken.

Immun 入門

1.28.4.2
Source원문

轉胞一證, 胎婦稟受弱者, 憂悶多者, 性急躁者, 食味厚者, 大率有之. 因思胞爲胎所壓, 轉在一邊, 胞系了戾不通耳. 胎若擧起, 懸在中央, 胞系得疏, 則水道自行. 宜用參朮飮, 空心煎飮, 隨以指探吐, 候氣定, 又與又吐, 小便立通, 歷試皆效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
The pattern of the turned bladder is found mostly in pregnant women of weak constitution, those much given to worry, those hasty in temper, and those who eat rich food. I have thought about it: the bladder is pressed by the foetus and turned to one side, and its stalk is twisted and does not pass. If the foetus is lifted up and suspended in the middle, the stalk of the bladder is freed and the waterway moves of itself. Ginseng and Atractylodes Drink is used, decocted and drunk on an empty stomach, then the finger used at once to induce vomiting; when the qi has settled, give it again and vomit again, and the urine passes at once. Tried repeatedly, always effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi's explanation of 轉胞, and it is anatomically right: the gravid uterus presses the bladder aside and kinks its outlet. 因思 — I have thought about it — marks the reasoning as his own. The treatment, vomiting to lift the uterus, is the chapter's most surprising, and the formula's entry at 1.28.4.7 treats it. What modern obstetrics does for the same problem — uterine incarceration — is also to reposition the uterus, by other means.

Dansim 丹心

1.28.4.3
Source원문

姙婦胞轉不得尿, 腎氣丸方見虛勞主之. 卽八味丸 《仲景》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman's bladder has turned and she cannot pass urine, Kidney Qi Pill formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter governs it. That is, the Eight Flavours Pill.
Clinical note임상 주석
Zhongjing's treatment for the same condition, and it goes the opposite way from Danxi's — warming the kidney rather than lifting the uterus. The chapter records both without choosing. **Urinary retention in pregnancy requires catheterization and assessment.**

Junggyeong 仲景

1.28.5 Child Cough 子嗽

1.28.5.1
Source원문

姙娠外感風寒, 久嗽不止, 謂之子嗽. 宜紫菀湯ㆍ百合散ㆍ馬兜鈴散ㆍ天門冬飮. 《諸方》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman contracts wind cold and coughs long without stopping, it is called child cough. Aster Decoction, Lily Bulb Powder, Aristolochia Powder and Asparagus Drink are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Aristolochia species contain aristolochic acid, which is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic. They are banned in most jurisdictions.**

Jebang 諸方

1.28.6 Child Dysentery 子痢

1.28.6.1
Source원문

姙娠下痢赤白, 腹中㽲痛, 裏急後重, 名曰子痢. 宜當歸芍藥湯ㆍ白朮湯ㆍ雞黃散ㆍ鴨子煎.

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has dysentery red and white, with griping pain in the abdomen and tenesmus, it is called child dysentery. Angelica and Peony Decoction, White Atractylodes Decoction, Hen's Egg and Minium Powder and Duck Egg Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.28.6.2
Source원문

姙娠泄瀉, 宜用訶朮散ㆍ大寧散.

Translation영역
For diarrhoea in pregnancy, Chebula and Atractylodes Powder and Great Repose Powder are used.
Clinical note임상 주석
Dysentery and diarrhoea kept apart — blood and tenesmus in one, neither in the other — and given different formularies. The Hen's Egg and Minium Powder contains lead and the Great Repose Powder contains opium poppy; both entries carry warnings.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.28.7 Child Malaria 子瘧

1.28.7.1
Source원문

姙婦患瘧, 寒熱往來, 謂之子瘧. 宜醒脾飮子ㆍ露薑飮方見瘧門ㆍ驅邪湯ㆍ濟生石膏湯.

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman suffers malaria with cold and heat coming and going, it is called child malaria. Rouse the Spleen Drink, Dew-Exposed Ginger Drink formula in the Malaria chapter, Expel the Evil Decoction and Jisheng Gypsum Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Malaria in pregnancy is dangerous to mother and foetus and requires modern antimalarial treatment.**

Donguibogam · Buin

1.28.8 Child Suspension 子懸

1.28.8.1
Source원문

姙婦胎氣不和, 逆上心胸, 脹滿疼痛, 謂之子懸. 宜用紫蘇飮, 葱白湯. 《本事》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman's foetal qi is not harmonious and counterflows up to the heart and chest with distension, fullness and pain, it is called child suspension. Perilla Drink and Scallion White Decoction are used.
Clinical note임상 주석
子懸, the child suspended — the foetus felt to have risen and to be pressing under the ribs. The sensation is common in late pregnancy as the uterus displaces the abdominal organs upward, and the chapter treats it with qi-movers rather than anything stronger.

Bonsa 本事

1.28.9 Contraction of Cold 感寒

1.28.9.1
Source원문

孕婦傷寒, 産前安胎, 産後補血爲主. 治法, 無犯胃氣及上二焦, 爲三禁, 謂不可汗, 不可下, 不可利小便也. 但當和解, 小柴胡湯主之方見寒門. 一名三禁湯. 《保命》

Translation영역
In cold damage in a pregnant woman, before birth quieting the foetus and after birth supplementing the blood are the mainstays. In the method of treatment, not offending the stomach qi or the upper two burners makes the three prohibitions — that is, one may not sweat, may not purge, and may not disinhibit the urine. Only harmonize and resolve, and Minor Bupleurum Decoction governs it formula in the Cold Damage chapter. It is also called Three Prohibitions Decoction.
Clinical note임상 주석
The three prohibitions in pregnancy — no sweating, no purging, no draining — and the one method left, harmonizing. That rules out all three of the methods the Sweating, Vomiting and Purging chapters teach, and leaves Sosiho-tang. It is the section's governing rule, and every formula at 1.28.9 respects it.

Bomyeongjip (保命集)

1.28.9.2
Source원문

姙婦感冒風寒, 頭痛煩熱, 宜芎蘇散ㆍ黃龍湯ㆍ保安白朮散ㆍ葱白湯.

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman has contracted wind cold with headache and vexing heat, Chuanxiong and Perilla Powder, Yellow Dragon Decoction, Protect Peace White Atractylodes Powder and Scallion White Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.28.9.3
Source원문

熱病護胎方, 取浮萍ㆍ朴硝ㆍ大黃ㆍ蛤粉ㆍ藍根等分爲末, 貼臍上, 安胎極妙. 《得效》

Translation영역
A formula to protect the foetus in heat disease: take duckweed, crude mirabilite, rhubarb, clam shell powder and indigo root in equal parts, powder them and stick on the navel; it quiets the foetus most marvellously.
Clinical note임상 주석
Cold medicinals applied to the navel from outside, so that the heat is drawn without the three prohibitions being broken. The section works around its own rule by changing the route.

Deukhyo 得效

1.28.9.4
Source원문

孕婦熱病, 發黑癍, 用梔子大靑湯.

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman with heat disease breaks out in black macules, use Gardenia and Woad Decoction.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Black or purple macules in a febrile patient indicate haemorrhage into the skin and may signify sepsis or disseminated intravascular coagulation. This is a medical emergency.**

Donguibogam · Buin

1.28.10 The Pregnant Woman Losing Speech 孕婦不語

1.28.10.1
Source원문

內經曰, 人有重身, 九月而瘖, 此爲何病. 岐伯對曰, 胞之絡脉絶也. 胞絡者, 繫於腎, 少陰之脉貫腎, 繫舌本, 故不能言. 無治也, 當十月復. 註曰, 分娩則自能言, 勿藥可也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: a person is of double body, and in the ninth month loses her voice — what disease is this? Qi Bo answered: the network vessel of the womb is cut off. The womb's network is fastened to the kidney, and the lesser yin vessel runs through the kidney and is fastened to the root of the tongue, and so she cannot speak. There is no treatment; in the tenth month it returns. The commentary says: on delivery she can speak of herself, and no medicine is needed.
Clinical note임상 주석
無治也 — there is no treatment — and the commentary adds 勿藥可也, no medicine is needed. A symptom the Neijing declines to treat because it will resolve with the birth. What is described is aphonia in late pregnancy, and the chapter's restraint is the point: not everything that appears in pregnancy is a disease.

Naegyeong 內經

1.28.10.2
Source원문

孕婦瘖瘂不能言, 四物湯方見血門, 加大黃ㆍ芒硝 各一錢, 水煎去滓, 入蜜少許, 沈冷, 時時呷服, 心火下降, 肺金自淸, 則能言矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman is mute and cannot speak, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with rhubarb and mirabilite 1 don each added, decocted in water, strained, a little honey put in, cooled, and sipped from time to time; the heart fire descends and the lung metal clears of itself, and then she can speak.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Immun treats what the Neijing declined to, and does it with rhubarb and mirabilite — both on the prohibited list at 1.13.2, and both purgatives that 1.28.9 forbids. The chapter sets the two passages side by side and lets the reader weigh them.

Immun 入門

1.28.11 The Child Crying in the Belly 兒在腹中哭

1.28.11.1
Source원문

兒在腹中哭者, 母臍帶上疙瘩, 乃兒口中含者, 因姙母登高取物, 脫出兒口, 以此作聲也. 令姙母曲腰向地拾物, 使兒復得含入口中, 則其聲卽止. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where the child cries in the belly, it is because the knot on the mother's cord, which the child holds in its mouth, has slipped from the child's mouth when the mother climbed high to fetch something, and the sound is made by this. Have the mother bend at the waist toward the ground as if picking something up, so that the child can take it back into its mouth, and the sound stops at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A sound heard from the pregnant belly, explained as the child having lost the cord from its mouth. What was heard was borborygmus, and the explanation supplied is one of the chapter's few whimsies. The remedy — bending forward — would change the sound in any case.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.28.11.2
Source원문

一方, 黃連濃煎汁, 令姙婦呷之. 《得效》

Translation영역
One formula: decoct coptis thick and have the pregnant woman sip it.

Deukhyo 得效

1.28.11.3
Source원문

又方, 多年空屋下鼠穴中土一塊, 令姙婦噙之, 卽止. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Another formula: a lump of earth from a rat's hole under a house long empty, held in the pregnant woman's mouth, and it stops at once.

Dansim 丹心

1.28.12 Bells Ringing in the Pregnant Woman's Belly 孕婦腹中鍾鳴

1.28.12.1
Source원문

孕婦腹中作鍾鳴, 取多年空屋下鼠穴中土爲末, 酒服, 或乾噙之, 卽止. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a bell sounds in the pregnant woman's belly, take earth from a rat's hole under a house long empty, powder it and take in wine, or hold it dry in the mouth, and it stops at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
The last of the twelve antepartum patterns, and the chapter gives it the same rat-hole earth as the crying child above. The two sections belong together — noises from the abdomen, given names and remedies because a pregnant woman who heard them was frightened. Earth from a long-empty house is chosen for being undisturbed, which is the same logic that picks stove earth at Ha 8.7 and east-wall earth elsewhere.

Immun 入門

1.29 The Various Patterns After Birth 産後諸證

1.29.1
Source원문

有兒枕腹痛ㆍ血暈ㆍ血崩ㆍ衄血ㆍ喘嗽ㆍ咳逆ㆍ産後不語ㆍ産後見鬼譫妄ㆍ産後發熱ㆍ産後乳懸證ㆍ下乳汁ㆍ産後陰脫ㆍ産後鬱冒ㆍ産後風痓ㆍ産後頭痛ㆍ産後心腹腰脇痛ㆍ産後嘔逆ㆍ産後淋瀝遺尿ㆍ産後泄痢ㆍ産後秘結ㆍ産後浮腫.

Translation영역
There are child-pillow abdominal pain, blood dizziness, blood flooding, nosebleed, panting and cough, hiccough, loss of speech after birth, seeing ghosts and delirium after birth, fever after birth, the hanging breast pattern after birth, bringing down the milk, prolapse after birth, oppressive clouding after birth, wind tetany after birth, headache after birth, pain of heart, abdomen, lumbus and ribside after birth, retching after birth, dribbling and enuresis after birth, diarrhoea and dysentery after birth, constipation after birth, and puffy swelling after birth.
Clinical note임상 주석
Twenty-one complications of the lying-in, and the list runs from the commonest — afterpains — through the ones that kill: collapse, haemorrhage, sudden breathlessness, fever. The section is the longest in the chapter and the one a practitioner would most often open.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.29.1 Child-Pillow Pain 兒枕痛

1.29.1.1
Source원문

胎側有成形塊, 爲兒枕, 子欲生時, 枕破血下. 若敗血不下, 則成塊作痛不可忍, 乃血瘕也. 宜用失笑散ㆍ紫金丸ㆍ三聖散ㆍ黑龍丹方見上ㆍ花蘂石散方見諸傷ㆍ起枕散ㆍ立效散. 《良方》

Translation영역
Beside the foetus there is a formed lump, the child's pillow; when the child is about to be born the pillow breaks and blood comes down. If the spoiled blood does not come down it forms a lump and pains past bearing — this is a blood conglomeration. Sudden Smile Powder, Purple Gold Pill, Three Sages Powder, Black Dragon Elixir formula above, Flower Stamen Stone Powder formula in the Injuries chapter, Lift the Pillow Powder and Established Effect Powder are used.
Clinical note임상 주석
兒枕, the child's pillow, is the tradition's name for what the child rests against in the womb, and the pain after delivery is read as the pillow's blood not having cleared. What is described is afterpains with retained clots, and the treatment — Silso-san and its variants — moves blood. The section gives seven formulas for one complaint, which says how universal it was.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.1.2
Source원문

芎歸湯, 加三稜ㆍ蓬朮ㆍ玄胡索ㆍ牡丹皮ㆍ桃仁ㆍ紅花, 煎服, 卽效. 《良方》

Translation영역
Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction with sparganium, curcuma, corydalis, moutan bark, peach kernel and safflower added, decocted and taken, and the effect follows.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.2 Blood Dizziness 血暈

1.29.2.1
Source원문

産後血暈, 由氣血暴虛, 血隨氣上, 迷亂心神. 故眼前生花, 甚者悶絶口噤, 神昏氣冷. 宜用淸魂散. 《良方》

Translation영역
Blood dizziness after birth comes of the qi and blood suddenly vacuous, the blood following the qi upward and confusing the heart spirit. Hence flowers appear before the eyes, and in severe cases there is oppressive collapse with the jaw clenched, the spirit clouded and the qi cold. Clear the Soul Powder is used.
Clinical note임상 주석
眼前生花 — flowers before the eyes — is the visual disturbance of impending syncope, and the progression described is that of haemorrhagic collapse: dizziness, then loss of consciousness, then cold. **Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death and requires uterotonics and transfusion.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.2.2
Source원문

産後血暈有二. 有下血多而暈者, 但昏悶煩亂而已, 當補血. 宜用芎歸湯方見下. 有下血少而暈者, 乃惡露上搶於心, 心下滿急, 神昏口噤, 絶不知人, 當破血行血. 宜奪命散ㆍ花蘂石散方見諸傷. 《良方》

Translation영역
Blood dizziness after birth is of two kinds. Where much blood has come down and there is dizziness, there is only clouding, oppression and vexed disorder — supplement the blood, and Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction formula below is appropriate. Where little blood has come down and there is dizziness, the lochia has surged up against the heart, there is fullness and urgency below the heart, the spirit clouded and the jaw clenched, and she knows no one at all — break the blood and move it, and Seize Life Powder and Flower Stamen Stone Powder formula in the Injuries chapter are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section's essential distinction, and it turns on one observation: how much blood has come down. Much blood and dizziness is loss, and is supplemented; little blood and dizziness is retention, and is broken. The two are treated in opposite directions, and getting it wrong is fatal either way. The modern equivalents — haemorrhagic shock against retained products with rising pressure — are distinguished the same way, by whether the blood is coming out.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.2.3
Source원문

産後血暈, 宜用四味湯ㆍ荊芥散ㆍ醋墨法. 《諸方》

Translation영역
For blood dizziness after birth, Four Flavours Decoction, Schizonepeta Powder and the Vinegar and Ink Method are used.

Jebang 諸方

1.29.3 Blood Flooding 血崩

1.29.3.1
Source원문

産後血崩不止, 是謂重傷, 宜大劑芎歸湯方見下, 加芍藥煎服, 救之. 若小腹滿痛, 是肝藏已壞, 爲難治. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where blood floods without stopping after birth, this is called doubled injury; a large dose of Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction formula below with peony added, decocted and taken, rescues it. If the lower abdomen is full and painful, the liver organ is already ruined and it is hard to treat.
Clinical note임상 주석
重傷, doubled injury — the birth was one injury and the flooding is a second on top of it. The sign that marks the case as hopeless is a full painful lower abdomen, which is the uterus filling with blood it cannot expel. **Postpartum haemorrhage with a distended uterus indicates atony and is a medical emergency.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.29.3.2
Source원문

産後血崩不止, 四物湯方見血門, 加蒲黃ㆍ生地黃汁ㆍ阿膠ㆍ薊根ㆍ陳艾ㆍ白芷煎服. 《雲岐》

Translation영역
Where blood floods without stopping after birth, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with cattail pollen, fresh rehmannia juice, ass-hide glue, thistle root, aged mugwort and angelica dahurica added, decocted and taken.

Ungi 雲岐

1.29.3.3
Source원문

産時, 下血過多危急, 宜用濟危上丹. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where at the birth too much blood has come down and the case is critical, Rescue from Peril Superior Elixir is used.

Deukhyo 得效

1.29.3.4
Source원문

小産後, 下血不止, 宜用補氣養血湯.

Translation영역
Where bleeding does not stop after a miscarriage, Supplement the Qi and Nourish the Blood Decoction is used.

Hoechun 回春

1.29.3.5
Source원문

血崩, 宜五灰散ㆍ十灰丸方幷見血門.

Translation영역
For blood flooding, Five Ashes Powder and Ten Ashes Pill both formulas in the Blood chapter are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The ash formulas of the Blood chapter — medicinals charred to stanch — sent for here. The tradition's reasoning is that black restrains red; the practical effect is astringent.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.29.4 Nosebleed 衄血

1.29.4.1
Source원문

産後口鼻黑色起, 及鼻衄者, 名曰胃絶肺敗. 此證不可治. 急用荊芥散方見上, 及禳法. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where after birth a black colour rises at the mouth and nose, and there is nosebleed, it is called the stomach cut off and the lung ruined. This pattern cannot be treated. Use Schizonepeta Powder formula above at once, and the warding method.
Clinical note임상 주석
Blackening around the mouth and nose with bleeding after delivery is a grave sign, and the chapter says so — 不可治, cannot be treated. What it describes is likely disseminated intravascular coagulation, which follows severe haemorrhage or sepsis and shows as bleeding from the nose and mucous membranes with dusky discolouration. That a warding charm is offered alongside a formula says what the source expected of either. **Bleeding from the nose and mouth after delivery indicates coagulopathy and is a medical emergency.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.4.2
Source원문

産後氣血散亂, 入於諸經, 不得還元, 故口鼻黑色起, 及變鼻衄, 名曰胃絶肺敗. 宜用犀角地黃湯, 救之方見血門. 《入門》

Translation영역
After birth the qi and blood are scattered and disordered, enter the various channels and cannot return to the origin; hence a black colour rises at the mouth and nose and turns to nosebleed, called the stomach cut off and the lung ruined. Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction rescues it formula in the Blood chapter.

Immun 入門

1.29.4.1 Warding Method for Nosebleed 禳法

1.29.4.1.1
Source원문

急取緋線一條, 幷産母頂心髮兩條, 緊繫産母手中指節, 卽止. 《良方》

Translation영역
Quickly take a crimson thread and two hairs from the crown of the mother's head, and tie them tight around the joint of her middle finger, and it stops at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A ligature on the middle finger to stop a nosebleed. The Blood chapter carries the same charm for ordinary epistaxis, and the crimson thread is chosen for its colour.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.5 Panting and Cough 喘嗽

1.29.5.1
Source원문

産後喘, 極危, 多死也. 《産寶》

Translation영역
Panting after birth is extremely dangerous; most die.

Sanbo 産寶

1.29.5.2
Source원문

産後喉中氣急喘促者, 因所下過多, 榮血暴竭, 衛氣無主, 獨聚肺中, 故令喘. 此名孤陽絶陰, 爲難治, 宜用大劑芎歸湯ㆍ小參蘇飮. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where after birth the qi in the throat is urgent with hurried panting, it is because too much has come down, the construction blood is suddenly exhausted, the defence qi has no master and gathers alone in the lung, and so there is panting. This is called lone yang with the yin cut off, and it is hard to treat; a large dose of Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction and Minor Ginseng and Perilla Drink are used.
Clinical note임상 주석
孤陽絶陰 — lone yang with the yin cut off — is the tradition's name for the state in which the blood is gone and the qi has nothing to hold it. Sudden breathlessness after heavy bleeding is what it describes, and the prognosis given at 1.29.5.1 is right. **Sudden breathlessness after delivery may be pulmonary embolism, amniotic fluid embolism or haemorrhagic shock — all life-threatening emergencies.**

Gangmok 綱目

1.29.5.3
Source원문

産後喘急, 命在須臾, 宜用奪命散方見上, 童便好酒各半盞, 調和熱服, 惡血卽下, 喘自定. 或用獨參湯亦可方見氣門. 或人參ㆍ茯苓, 水煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where panting after birth is urgent and life hangs on a moment, Seize Life Powder formula above stirred into half a cup each of child's urine and good wine and taken hot; the spoiled blood comes down at once and the panting settles of itself. Or Lone Ginseng Decoction may be used formula in the Qi chapter; or ginseng and poria decocted in water and taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two formulas going opposite ways for the same emergency: Talmyeong-san breaks blood, Lone Ginseng holds qi. Which is used follows the distinction at 1.29.2.2 — whether the blood is retained or lost.

Immun 入門

1.29.5.4
Source원문

産後咳嗽, 多是瘀血入肺, 二母散. 感冒, 宜旋覆花湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Cough after birth is mostly stagnant blood entering the lung — Two Mothers Powder. Where it is a contraction, Inula Decoction is appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.29.6 Hiccough 咳逆

1.29.6.1
Source원문

産後咳逆不止欲死, 肉桂 五錢剉, 薑汁 三合, 右同煎, 溫服二合, 以手灸火, 摩背上令熱, 時塗藥汁, 盡爲妙. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where hiccough after birth does not stop and she is near death, cinnamon bark 5 don cut up and ginger juice 3 hop, decocted together, 2 hop taken warm; warm the hands at the fire and rub the back until it is hot, smearing the medicine liquor on from time to time until it is used up — most marvellous.
Clinical note임상 주석
Intractable hiccough after delivery treated with a warming decoction and a warm back rub. The rub is the practical part — friction along the spine does interrupt hiccough in some patients. 咳逆不止欲死 is the chapter's usual overstatement, but persistent hiccough after major haemorrhage or surgery is a recognized sign of diaphragmatic irritation and is not trivial.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.6.2
Source원문

一方, 煎壁鏡窠三五箇, 取汁熱呷, 卽差. 《良方》

Translation영역
One formula: decoct three to five wall-spider nests, take the liquor and sip it hot, and it is cured.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.7 Loss of Speech After Birth 産後不語

1.29.7.1
Source원문

由敗血干心, 心氣閉塞, 故舌强不語, 宜七珍散ㆍ四味散方見上.

Translation영역
It comes of spoiled blood offending the heart and the heart qi blocked, so that the tongue is stiff and there is no speech. Seven Treasures Powder and Four Flavours Powder formula above are appropriate.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.7.2
Source원문

痰熱迷心, 不語者, 宜孤鳳散.

Translation영역
Where phlegm heat confuses the heart and there is no speech, Lone Phoenix Powder is appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.29.7.3
Source원문

産後失聲, 言不出者, 宜茯苓補心湯方見血門. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the voice is lost after birth and no words come out, Poria Supplement the Heart Decoction formula in the Blood chapter is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three causes for one sign — stagnant blood, phlegm heat, depleted heart — and three treatments going in three directions. Loss of speech after delivery may be stroke, and the chapter's readings do not exclude it. **New neurological deficit after delivery requires urgent assessment for stroke and eclampsia.**

Immun 入門

1.29.8 Seeing Ghosts and Delirium After Birth 産後見鬼譫妄

1.29.8.1
Source원문

産後見鬼, 言語顚倒, 此由敗血干心也. 蘇合香元一錢, 童便調服, 卽醒. 小調經散亦佳方見下, 加龍腦少許服之.

Translation영역
Seeing ghosts after birth with speech turned upside down comes of spoiled blood offending the heart. Storax Pill 1 don stirred into child's urine and taken, and she wakes at once. Minor Regulate the Menses Powder is also good formula below, with a little borneol added.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.8.2
Source원문

瘀血迷心, 言語譫妄昏暈, 宜八物湯方見虛勞, 去芍藥, 加琥珀ㆍ柏子仁ㆍ遠志ㆍ朱砂ㆍ金ㆍ銀, 煎服. 交感地黃煎元, 亦妙. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where stagnant blood confuses the heart with delirious speech and dizzy clouding, Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter with the peony removed and amber, arborvitae seed, polygala, cinnabar, gold and silver added, decocted and taken. Intercourse Rehmannia Decoct Pill is also marvellous.

Immun 入門

1.29.8.3
Source원문

産後昏冒不省, 瞑目無所知, 盖因血暴亡, 心神無所養故也. 甚則循衣摸空, 錯語失神, 宜生地芩連湯方見血門ㆍ全生活血湯方見胞門ㆍ寧神膏ㆍ茯苓散ㆍ柏子仁散.

Translation영역
Clouding and loss of awareness after birth, the eyes closed and knowing nothing, is because the blood is suddenly gone and the heart spirit has nothing to nourish it. At worst there is picking at the clothes and groping at the air, confused speech and loss of spirit. Fresh Rehmannia, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction formula in the Blood chapter, Whole Life Quicken the Blood Decoction formula in the Uterus chapter, Calm the Spirit Paste, Poria Powder and Arborvitae Seed Powder are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
循衣摸空 — picking at the clothes and groping at the air — is the tradition's standing sign of the gravest delirium, and it appears in the Cold Damage chapter's death signs. Here it is attributed to blood loss rather than to fever. The three passages together cover postpartum delirium from stagnation, from stagnation with depletion, and from depletion alone — the same three-way sorting as 1.29.7. **Confusion after delivery requires urgent assessment; haemorrhage, sepsis, eclampsia and postpartum psychosis must all be considered.**

Immun 入門

1.29.9 Fever After Birth 産後發熱

1.29.9.1
Source원문

産後血虛, 熱入血室, 以致發熱煩躁, 晝輕夜重, 或譫語如見鬼, 或往來寒熱, 宜用柴胡四物湯ㆍ凉血地黃湯ㆍ牛黃膏. 《保命》

Translation영역
Where after birth the blood is vacuous and heat enters the blood chamber, bringing fever with vexed agitation, light by day and heavy by night, or delirious speech as though seeing ghosts, or cold and heat coming and going — Bupleurum Four Substances Decoction, Cool the Blood Rehmannia Decoction and Bezoar Paste are used.

Bomyeongjip (保命集)

1.29.9.2
Source원문

産後發熱有五. 有去血過多者, 脉必虛大無力, 腹內無痛, 宜芎歸調血飮.

Translation영역
Fever after birth is of five kinds. Where too much blood has been lost, the pulse must be vacuous, large and without strength, and there is no pain within the abdomen — Chuanxiong and Angelica Regulate the Blood Drink is appropriate.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.29.9.3
Source원문

有惡露不盡者, 必大小腹有塊作痛, 宜黑神散.

Translation영역
Where the lochia is not exhausted, there must be a lump in the upper or lower abdomen that pains — Black Spirit Powder is appropriate.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.29.9.4
Source원문

有傷飮食者, 當消導.

Translation영역
Where it is damage from food and drink, disperse and conduct.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.29.9.5
Source원문

有感風寒者, 當發散.

Translation영역
Where it is contraction of wind and cold, effuse and scatter.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.29.9.6
Source원문

有蒸乳者, 乳必脹痛, 但捏去乳汁, 自愈. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where it is the breasts steaming, the breasts must be swollen and painful; only press out the milk and it resolves of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
Five causes of postpartum fever with a sign for each — no pain for blood loss, a lump for retained lochia, and swollen breasts for engorgement. Siho-banggwi-tang's entry at 1.29.9.5 gives the same five as an exclusion list. 蒸乳, the breasts steaming, is engorgement fever, and the treatment is the right one: express the milk. **Fever after delivery may be puerperal sepsis and requires assessment; it remains a leading cause of maternal death.**

Uigam 醫鑑

1.29.9.7
Source원문

産後, 因傷寒熱病, 熱入血室, 或有瘀血, 宜柴胡破瘀湯, 或柴胡地黃湯.

Translation영역
Where after birth, from cold damage or heat disease, heat enters the blood chamber, or there is stagnant blood — Bupleurum Break Stasis Decoction or Bupleurum and Rehmannia Decoction is appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.29.9.8
Source원문

産後發熱, 因風寒, 則宜用柴胡防歸湯ㆍ竹葉防風湯.

Translation영역
Where fever after birth is from wind and cold, Bupleurum, Saposhnikovia and Angelica Decoction and Bamboo Leaf and Saposhnikovia Decoction are used.

Immun 入門

1.29.9.9
Source원문

産後熱渴, 宜用竹葉湯.

Translation영역
For fever with thirst after birth, Bamboo Leaf Decoction is used.

Immun 入門

1.29.9.10
Source원문

大小産, 熱入血室, 小柴胡, 加五靈脂, 佐以黃連ㆍ赤茯苓, 淸心凉血, 卽效. 《直指》

Translation영역
After birth or miscarriage, where heat enters the blood chamber, Minor Bupleurum Decoction with flying squirrel faeces added, assisted by coptis and red poria, clears the heart and cools the blood, and the effect follows.

Jikji 直指

1.29.10 The Hanging Breast Pattern After Birth 産後乳懸證

1.29.10.1
Source원문

詳見乳部.

Translation영역
Treated in fuller detail in the Breast chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
乳懸, the hanging breast, is a condition in which the breasts are said to lengthen and hang after delivery. The Breast chapter has the account, and the Bogam keeps the heading here so that the twenty-one complications stay in one list.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.29.11 Bringing Down the Milk 下乳汁

1.29.11.1
Source원문

産後乳汁不行, 有氣血盛, 而壅閉不行者, 有氣血弱, 而枯涸不行者. 壅閉, 則宜用漏蘆散, 枯涸則, 宜用通乳湯二方幷見乳部ㆍ猪蹄粥. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where the milk does not flow after birth, there are cases where the qi and blood are exuberant and it is congested and blocked, and cases where the qi and blood are weak and it has dried up. For congestion, Rhaponticum Powder is appropriate; for drying up, Free the Milk Decoction both formulas in the Breast chapter and pig's trotter congee.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two reasons the milk fails, and they are opposites: blocked because there is too much, or dry because there is too little. The full breasts get an opening formula; the empty ones get pig's trotters, which is food. The distinction is still made — engorgement against insufficient supply — and the treatments still diverge.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.11.2
Source원문

産後乳脉不行, 身體壯熱, 宜用玉露散. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where the milk vessels do not flow after birth and the body is strongly hot, Jade Dew Powder is used.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.11.3
Source원문

下乳汁治法, 當參考乳部, 用之.

Translation영역
For the treatment of bringing down the milk, consult the Breast chapter and use it.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.29.12 Prolapse After Birth 産後陰脫

1.29.12.1
Source원문

産後陰門脫出, 盖努力大過所致. 若脫肛狀, 逼迫腫痛, 淸水續續, 小便淋露, 宜用當歸黃芪飮, 外用硫黃ㆍ烏賊骨 各五錢, 五倍子 二錢半, 爲末, 付患處, 卽效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Prolapse of the yin gate after birth comes of bearing down too hard. Where it is like a prolapsed rectum, pressing and swollen and painful, clear water trickling and the urine dribbling, Angelica and Astragalus Drink is used within; and without, sulphur and cuttlebone 5 don each and gallnut 2 don 5 pun, powdered and applied to the affected place, and the effect follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
Prolapse attributed to pushing too hard, treated by raising within and astringing without. The topical powder is drying and antiseptic — cuttlebone and gallnut are both astringent — and the internal formula lifts. **Postpartum prolapse requires examination; a prolapsed uterus must be replaced promptly.**

Dansim 丹心

1.29.12.2
Source원문

産後生腸不收, 八物湯方見虛勞, 加防風ㆍ升麻, 須用酒炒黃芪爲君, 煎服. 外以樗根白皮 五錢, 荊芥ㆍ升麻ㆍ藿香 各二錢煎湯, 熏洗患處, 卽入. 又枳殼二兩煎湯, 溫浸, 良久自入. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where after birth the living bowel does not draw back in, Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter with saposhnikovia and cimicifuga added, and wine-fried astragalus as chief, decocted and taken. Without, tree-of-heaven root bark 5 don and schizonepeta, cimicifuga and agastache 2 don each decocted, and the affected place steamed and washed, and it goes in at once. Or bitter orange 2 nyang decocted, and soaked warm; after a good while it goes in of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
A warm sitz bath to reduce a prolapse — the tissue relaxes and swelling subsides in warm water, and reduction becomes possible. That much is sound; the medicinals in the water add little to the warmth.

Dansim 丹心

1.29.12.3
Source원문

産後陰戶突出, 四物湯方見血門, 加龍骨無則用五倍子, 連用二貼, 外以香油和湯, 洗患處, 且取如聖膏方見上, 貼頂上. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the yin door protrudes after birth, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with dragon bone added or gallnut if there is none, two packets in succession; without, sesame oil mixed in hot water to wash the affected place, and Sagely Paste formula above stuck on the crown of the head.

Immun 入門

1.29.12.4
Source원문

産後陰戶兩傍腫痛, 手足不能舒伸, 用四季葱, 入乳香末, 同搗成餠, 安於陰戶兩傍, 良久卽愈. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where after birth both sides of the yin door are swollen and painful and the hands and feet cannot be stretched out, take four-season scallion with powdered frankincense, pound them together into a cake, and set it on both sides of the yin door; after a good while it resolves.
Clinical note임상 주석
Perineal swelling after delivery treated with a warm poultice. Frankincense is anti-inflammatory and scallion is warming, and a poultice on a bruised perineum is a reasonable measure.

Immun 入門

1.29.12.5
Source원문

子宮大痛不可忍, 五倍子ㆍ白礬 等分, 煎湯熏洗. 又爲末糝之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the womb pains greatly past bearing, gallnut and alum in equal parts decocted, and the place steamed and washed; or powdered and dusted on.

Immun 入門

1.29.12.6
Source원문

産後玉門不斂, 宜用硫黃湯.

Translation영역
Where the jade gate does not close after birth, Sulphur Decoction is used.

Immun 入門

1.29.12.7
Source원문

一法, 香油五斤, 煎熱盛盆, 坐其中一食頃, 以皂角末, 吹鼻作嚏, 卽收. 《丹心》

Translation영역
One method: heat 5 geun of sesame oil, put it in a basin, and have her sit in it for the time of a meal; then blow powdered gleditsia into her nose to make her sneeze, and it draws in at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A warm oil bath followed by a sneeze. The bath relaxes the tissue; the sneeze contracts the pelvic floor sharply, and the chapter uses the same trick at 1.21.8 with a spray of cold vinegar. Both work on the same reflex.

Dansim 丹心

1.29.12.8
Source원문

又, 取大紙撚蘸油, 點火吹滅, 以烟熏産母鼻, 卽上. 《良方》

Translation영역
Or take a large paper spill dipped in oil, light it and blow it out, and let the smoke fume the mother's nose, and it rises at once.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.13 A Case of Prolapse 陰脫治驗

1.29.13.1
Source원문

一婦人, 産後陰戶中下一物, 如合鉢狀, 有二岐, 此子宮也. 必氣血弱而下墜, 遂用升麻ㆍ當歸ㆍ黃芪 大料二貼與之, 半日已收. 但乾破一片如掌大, 落在席上, 其婦恐腸破, 哭泣. 予思之, 此非腸胃, 乃糟粕也. 肌肉破尙可補完. 若氣血充盛, 必可生滿, 用補中益氣湯方見內傷, 去柴胡, 連進二三大劑, 一響而收, 後以四物湯, 加人參, 百餘貼連服, 三年後復生子. 《丹心》

Translation영역
A woman after birth passed something from the yin door like a bowl set mouth-down, with two branches — this was the womb. It must have descended from qi and blood weak; I gave her cimicifuga, angelica and astragalus in large doses, two packets, and in half a day it had drawn in. But a dried piece the size of a palm broke off and fell on the mat, and the woman wept, fearing her bowel had broken. I considered it: this was not the bowel but dregs. Where the flesh is broken it can still be made whole; if the qi and blood are full, it will surely grow back. I used Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter with the bupleurum removed, two or three large doses in succession, and with one sound it drew in; afterwards Four Substances Decoction with ginseng added, a hundred packets and more in succession, and three years later she bore a child again.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi's case, and the anatomical detail is the point: 如合鉢狀, 有二岐 — like an inverted bowl with two branches. He identified the prolapsed organ as the uterus by its shape, and the two branches are the fallopian tubes as he understood them. The piece that broke off and the woman's terror at it, and Danxi's reassurance that it was dead tissue rather than bowel, is recorded because he was right — and because she conceived again three years later. **Complete uterine prolapse with tissue necrosis requires urgent surgical assessment.**

Dansim 丹心

1.29.13.1 Another Case 又法

1.29.13.1.1
Source원문

臨産驚動, 用力太過, 以致肓膜有傷, 陰戶中垂出肉線一條, 長三四尺, 牽引心腹痛不可忍, 以手微動則痛苦欲絶, 先服失笑散方見上數貼. 仍用生薑三斤, 淨洗不去皮搗爛, 淸油二斤, 拌勻炒熟, 以油乾爲度. 却用熟絹五尺, 摺作數層, 令婦人輕輕盛起肉線, 使之屈曲作一團, 納在水道口, 却用絹袋兜裹油薑, 令稍溫, 付在肉線上熏之. 覺薑冷, 又用熨斗火熨之, 如薑氣已盡, 又用新者如此. 熏熨一日, 縮其大半, 二日縮盡, 卽以失笑散, 煎湯調服, 尋常保養, 三年後方生一子. 《得效》

Translation영역
Alarmed at the birth and bearing down too hard, so that the membrane was injured, a cord of flesh hung out from the yin door three or four feet long, dragging at the heart and abdomen with pain past bearing, and if the hand so much as touched it the agony was near death. First she took several packets of Sudden Smile Powder formula above. Then 3 geun of fresh ginger, washed clean and pounded to a pulp with the skin on, was stirred evenly into 2 geun of clear oil and fried through until the oil was dry. Five feet of finished silk was folded into several layers, and the woman was made to lift the cord of flesh gently, coil it into a ball and set it at the mouth of the water passage; then the oil-ginger, wrapped in a silk bag and kept slightly warm, was laid on the cord to fume it. When the ginger felt cold, it was ironed with a heated iron, and when the ginger's force was spent a fresh batch was used the same way. After a day of fuming and ironing it had drawn in by half, and by the second day wholly; then Sudden Smile Powder decocted and taken, and ordinary nursing, and three years later she bore a son.
Clinical note임상 주석
A cord of flesh three or four feet long — what is described is almost certainly a prolapsed and inverted uterus with the cord still attached, or a length of small bowel through a ruptured vault. The instruction is to coil it and hold it at the introitus while warming it over two days, and the case is recorded because it worked. **This describes a surgical emergency. Uterine inversion causes shock and requires immediate manual replacement under anaesthesia.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.29.14 Oppressive Clouding 鬱冒

1.29.14.1
Source원문

婦人經水適下, 而發其汗, 則鬱冒不知人, 何也. 師曰, 經水下, 故爲裏虛, 而發其汗, 則表亦虛. 此爲表裏俱虛, 故令鬱冒也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where a woman's menses have just come down and her sweat is effused, there is oppressive clouding and she knows no one — why? The master said: the menses coming down makes the interior vacuous, and effusing the sweat makes the exterior vacuous too. This is interior and exterior both vacuous, and hence oppressive clouding.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Sweating chapter's prohibition at Han 7.8.2 — no sweating in blood loss — with the consequence spelled out. Bleeding empties the inside, sweating empties the outside, and nothing is left to hold the spirit.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.29.14.2
Source원문

産後亡血, 昏冒不省, 移時方悟, 名曰鬱冒, 亦名血厥, 宜用倉公散, 㗜鼻令嚏, 內服白薇湯二方幷見救急門.

Translation영역
Where after birth the blood is lost and there is clouding and loss of awareness, waking only after some time, it is called oppressive clouding, also blood reversal. Cang Gong's Powder blown into the nose to make her sneeze, and White Cynanchum Decoction taken within both formulas in the Emergency chapter.

Immun 入門

1.29.14.3
Source원문

婦人産後亡血, 昏冒不省, 瞑目無所知, 盖因血暴亡, 心神無所養故也. 瞑目合眼之病, 悉屬於陰, 亡血補血, 又何疑焉. 全生活血湯主之方見胞門. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Where a woman after birth has lost blood and is clouded and unaware, her eyes closed and knowing nothing, it is because the blood is suddenly gone and the heart spirit has nothing to nourish it. A disease of closed and shut eyes belongs wholly to the yin; where blood is lost, supplement blood — what doubt is there? Whole Life Quicken the Blood Decoction governs it formula in the Uterus chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
亡血補血, 又何疑焉 — where blood is lost, supplement blood, what doubt is there? Dongwon's plainest statement of the principle, and the closed eyes are his sign: a patient who cannot keep her eyes open has nothing left to open them with.

Dongwon 東垣

1.29.15 Wind Tetany After Birth 産後風痓

1.29.15.1
Source원문

凡産後發熱, 若舌蹇脣急, 手指微動, 便急作風痓, 療之, 宜歸荊湯ㆍ獨活酒. 《直指》

Translation영역
Wherever after birth there is fever, if the tongue is stiff and the lips tight and the fingers twitch slightly, treat it at once as wind tetany — Angelica and Schizonepeta Decoction and Pubescent Angelica Wine are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The early signs — stiff tongue, tight lips, twitching fingers — and the instruction to treat them before the full spasm. Both puerperal tetanus and eclampsia begin this way, and the chapter's urgency is right. **These are prodromal signs of eclampsia or tetanus and require immediate emergency care.**

Jikji 直指

1.29.15.2
Source원문

産後中風, 名曰蓐風. 口噤牙緊, 手足瘈瘲欲死, 宜愈風散ㆍ歸荊湯. 如口噤反張涎潮者, 爲痓, 宜交加散ㆍ豆淋酒ㆍ紫湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Wind stroke after birth is called childbed wind. The jaw clenched and the teeth tight, the hands and feet in convulsion and near death — Overcome Wind Powder and Angelica and Schizonepeta Decoction are appropriate. Where the jaw is clenched with arched-back rigidity and a tide of drool, it is tetany — Mutual Exchange Powder, Black Soybean Wine and Purple Decoction are appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.29.15.3
Source원문

産後痓, 血氣大虛, 不宜發表, 但用防風當歸散, 最妙. 《綱目》

Translation영역
In tetany after birth the blood and qi are greatly vacuous, and effusing the exterior is not fitting; only Saposhnikovia and Angelica Powder, which is best.

Gangmok 綱目

1.29.15.4
Source원문

産後風病, 宜用血風湯. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For wind disease after birth, Blood Wind Decoction is used.

Dansim 丹心

1.29.15.5
Source원문

産後痓, 因虛遇風挾痰而作, 宜服人參竹瀝之類. 又竹瀝一升, 頻服, 大效. 《千金》

Translation영역
Tetany after birth arises from vacuity meeting wind with phlegm; ginseng and bamboo sap and their kind should be taken. Or 1 seung of bamboo sap taken often, with great effect.

Cheongeum 千金

1.29.15.6
Source원문

産後中風, 必當大補氣血, 然後治痰, 切不可作中風治, 而用發表出汗之藥. 八物湯方見虛勞加減用之, 爲可. 《丹心》

Translation영역
In wind stroke after birth, the qi and blood must be greatly supplemented and only then the phlegm treated; on no account treat it as wind stroke and use medicines that effuse the exterior and bring out sweat. Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter with additions and subtractions will serve.
Clinical note임상 주석
切不可作中風治 — on no account treat it as wind stroke — is the section's warning, stated three times in seven passages. A convulsing woman after delivery looks like a stroke patient and must not be treated like one, because the wind medicines would sweat away what blood she has left. Jeuiisang-dan's entry at 1.29.3.3 carries the same prohibition for haemorrhagic shock.

Dansim 丹心

1.29.15.7
Source원문

産後汗多, 風入成痓者, 難治. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where after birth the sweating is heavy and wind enters and becomes tetany, it is hard to treat.

Immun 入門

1.29.16 Headache After Birth 産後頭痛

1.29.16.1
Source원문

凡産後發熱, 身痛頭疼, 不可便作感冒治之. 此等多是血虛, 或敗血作梗, 宜玉露散方見上, 或四物湯, 加柴胡, 煎服. 《良方》

Translation영역
Wherever after birth there is fever with body pain and headache, it must not simply be treated as a contraction. Such cases are mostly blood vacuity, or spoiled blood standing in the way; Jade Dew Powder formula above, or Four Substances Decoction with bupleurum added, decocted and taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
The same warning as 1.29.15.6, applied to headache. Fever and headache after delivery look like a cold and are not to be treated as one. **Headache after delivery with visual disturbance or high blood pressure may be postpartum pre-eclampsia, which can occur up to six weeks after birth.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.16.2
Source원문

産後頭痛, 宜用一奇散卽芎歸湯也, 加荊芥穗二錢, 煎服, 必效. 《雲岐》

Translation영역
For headache after birth, One Wonder Powder that is, Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction with 2 don of schizonepeta spike added, decocted and taken, is certain to take effect.

Ungi 雲岐

1.29.16.3
Source원문

一婦, 産後, 患頭痛與心痛互作, 苦極欲死, 用黑龍丹方見上三丸下, 如蝗蟲子惡物三升許, 卽愈. 《良方》

Translation영역
A woman after birth suffered headache and heart pain by turns, in extreme agony and near death; three pills of Black Dragon Elixir formula above brought down some three seung of foul matter like locust eggs, and she recovered at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
如蝗蟲子 — like locust eggs — describes the clotted lochia passed. Three seung is a large quantity, and the case is recorded for the relief that followed its passage.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.17 Pain of Heart, Abdomen, Lumbus and Ribside After Birth 産後心腹腰脇痛

1.29.17.1
Source원문

産後心腹疼痛, 全是瘀血, 宜八味黑神散ㆍ四味散方見上ㆍ失笑散方見上. 《入門》

Translation영역
Pain of heart and abdomen after birth is wholly stagnant blood; Eight Flavours Black Spirit Powder, Four Flavours Powder formula above and Sudden Smile Powder formula above are appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.29.17.2
Source원문

産後惡露斷絶, 腰腹重痛, 宜桃仁湯ㆍ桃桂當歸丸. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where after birth the lochia is cut off and the lumbus and abdomen are heavy and painful, Peach Kernel Decoction and Peach Kernel, Cinnamon and Angelica Pill are appropriate.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.17.3
Source원문

産後胸腹脇腰痛, 此惡血爲患, 四物湯, 倍芎歸, 加鬼箭羽ㆍ紅花ㆍ玄胡索 各一錢, 煎水, 調沒藥散服之, 卽效. 《保命》

Translation영역
Pain of chest, abdomen, ribside and lumbus after birth is the trouble of foul blood; Four Substances Decoction with the chuanxiong and angelica doubled and euonymus wing, safflower and corydalis 1 don each added, decocted, with Myrrh Powder stirred in and taken, and the effect follows.

Bomyeongjip (保命集)

1.29.17.4
Source원문

産後左脇痛, 宜養血佐肝丸, 右脇痛, 宜推氣養血丸. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
For left ribside pain after birth, Nourish the Blood and Assist the Liver Pill is appropriate; for right ribside pain, Push the Qi and Nourish the Blood Pill.

Uigam 醫鑑

1.29.17.5
Source원문

冬月解産, 臍下痛, 宜羊肉湯. 《仲景》

Translation영역
For a winter delivery with pain below the navel, Mutton Decoction is appropriate.

Junggyeong 仲景

1.29.17.6
Source원문

産後血瘕, 痛無定處, 童尿 三升, 生地黃汁ㆍ生藕汁 各一升, 生薑汁 二升. 右先煎三味, 約三分減二分, 乃下薑汁, 慢火煎, 如稀餳, 每取一合, 溫酒調服. 《良方》

Translation영역
For a blood conglomeration after birth with pain in no fixed place — child's urine 3 seung, fresh rehmannia juice and fresh lotus root juice 1 seung each, fresh ginger juice 2 seung. First reduce the three by two-thirds, then put in the ginger juice and reduce over a slow fire to a thin syrup; take 1 hop at a time stirred into warm wine.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four juices and no dried medicinal — the whole formula is fresh liquid reduced to a syrup. The chapter reaches for this form where the patient is too depleted to take anything harsh, and the same three juices appear in the Wasting Thirst chapter at 4.4.5.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.18 Retching After Birth 産後嘔逆

1.29.18.1
Source원문

産後腹脹滿悶, 嘔吐不定, 此由敗血入脾胃, 故不能飮食也. 宜用抵聖湯ㆍ香靈丸. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where after birth the abdomen is distended, full and oppressed with vomiting that will not settle, it is because spoiled blood has entered the spleen and stomach and she cannot eat or drink. Attain the Sage Decoction and Fragrant Spirit Pill are used.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.29.19 Dribbling and Enuresis After Birth 産後淋瀝遺尿

1.29.19.1
Source원문

婦人産理不順致傷, 遺尿無時, 宜用參朮膏. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where a woman has been injured by a birth that did not go in order, and the urine escapes at all hours, Ginseng and Atractylodes Paste is used.
Clinical note임상 주석
産理不順致傷 — injured by a birth that did not go in order — with urine escaping constantly. What is described is obstetric fistula, the injury 1.27.2 warned the midwife's hands would cause, and the chapter's only treatment for it is a supplementing paste. **Continuous urinary leakage after a difficult delivery indicates fistula and requires surgical repair.**

Dansim 丹心

1.29.19.2
Source원문

産後淋, 宜用茅根湯. 《三因》

Translation영역
For dribbling after birth, Imperata Root Decoction is used.

Samin 三因

1.29.19.3
Source원문

産後遺尿, 宜桑螵蛸散ㆍ黃芪芍藥湯. 《三因》

Translation영역
For enuresis after birth, Mantis Egg Case Powder and Astragalus and Peony Decoction are appropriate.

Samin 三因

1.29.20 Diarrhoea and Dysentery After Birth 産後泄痢

1.29.20.1
Source원문

産後泄瀉, 宜的奇散.

Translation영역
For diarrhoea after birth, Apt and Wonderful Powder is appropriate.

Deukhyo 得效

1.29.20.2
Source원문

産後月內痢, 宜鴨子煎方見上, 又四物湯, 加桃仁ㆍ黃連ㆍ木香主之. 《入門》

Translation영역
For dysentery within the month after birth, Duck Egg Decoction formula above is appropriate, or Four Substances Decoction with peach kernel, coptis and costus added governs it.

Immun 入門

1.29.20.3
Source원문

當歸芍藥散, 亦可方見通治.

Translation영역
Angelica and Peony Powder may also be used formula in the general treatment section.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.29.21 Constipation After Birth 産後大便秘結

1.29.21.1
Source원문

産後有三種疾. 鬱冒則多汗, 汗多則大便難. 盖新産, 血虛多汗出, 致胃燥亡津液, 故大便秘結. 宜蘇麻粥方見大便, 及滋腸五仁丸. 《正傳》

Translation영역
After birth there are three kinds of illness. Oppressive clouding brings much sweat, and much sweat makes the stool difficult. For a woman newly delivered, the blood vacuous and sweat pouring out, the stomach dries and the fluids are lost, and hence the stool is bound. Perilla and Hemp Congee formula in the Stool chapter and Moisten the Bowel Five Kernels Pill are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The three illnesses of the newly delivered are Zhongjing's — clouding, sweating, constipation — and they follow one from another. The treatment is moistening rather than purging, which is the only kind the chapter allows after delivery.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.29.21.2
Source원문

産後大便不通, 難以坐臥, 取麥糵末, 酒調下一合, 神效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where after birth the stool does not pass and she can neither sit nor lie, take powdered barley sprout, 1 hop stirred into wine, with spirit-like effect.

Dansim 丹心

1.29.22 Puffy Swelling After Birth 産後浮腫

1.29.22.1
Source원문

産後浮腫, 此由敗血循經, 流入四肢故也. 血行腫消, 卽愈. 或敗血停蓄, 血化爲水而浮腫, 宜大調經散ㆍ小調經散ㆍ正脾散. 《良方》

Translation영역
Puffy swelling after birth comes of spoiled blood following the channels and flowing into the four limbs. When the blood moves the swelling disperses, and she recovers. Or where spoiled blood stands and is stored, the blood turns to water and there is puffy swelling — Major Regulate the Menses Powder, Minor Regulate the Menses Powder and Correct the Spleen Powder are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
血化爲水 — the blood turns to water. Postpartum swelling read as blood that should have left and has instead seeped into the tissues, which is why the formulas move blood rather than drain water.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.29.22.2
Source원문

産後浮腫, 必大補氣血爲主, 四君子湯方見氣門, 加蒼朮, 煎服, 忌峻利之劑, 或用五味白朮散.

Translation영역
In puffy swelling after birth, greatly supplementing the qi and blood must be the mainstay — Four Gentlemen Decoction formula in the Qi chapter with atractylodes lancea added, decocted and taken; drastic draining preparations are to be avoided; or Five Flavours White Atractylodes Powder is used.

Immun 入門

1.29.22.3
Source원문

産後風腫水腫, 宜用澤蘭散. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For wind swelling and water swelling after birth, Lycopus Powder is used.
Clinical note임상 주석
忌峻利之劑 — drastic draining preparations are to be avoided. The Oedema chapter's whole formulary is off limits after delivery, and the section substitutes supplementing with a little drying. The Purging chapter's formulas are never named here. **Swelling with breathlessness after delivery may be peripartum cardiomyopathy and requires cardiac assessment.**

Dansim 丹心

1.30 The Pulse Method After Birth 産後脉法

1.30.1
Source원문

婦人産後之脉, 洪實不調者死, 沈微附骨不絶者生.

Translation영역
In a woman's pulse after birth, surging, replete and out of order means death; sunken, faint, clinging to the bone and unbroken means life.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.30.2
Source원문

診婦人新産脉, 沈小者生, 實大堅强急者死. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Reading the pulse of a newly delivered woman, sunken and small means life; replete, large, hard, strong and urgent means death.

Maekgyeong 脉經

1.30.3
Source원문

新産之脉緩滑吉, 實大弦急死來侵. 又云, 沈細附骨不絶生. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
The pulse of the newly delivered moderate and slippery is auspicious; replete, large, stringlike and urgent, death comes on. It is also said: sunken, fine, clinging to the bone and unbroken means life.
Clinical note임상 주석
The rule of postpartum pulse, and it is the reverse of what the Wasting Thirst chapter says at 4.3: a weak pulse is the good sign here. A woman who has just lost blood should have a small pulse; a large forceful one means something is wrong — fever, retained blood, or the false strength of collapse. 附骨不絶 — clinging to the bone and unbroken — is the finding that matters: faint is fine so long as it is continuous.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

1.31 Treatment Methods After Birth 産後治法

1.31.1
Source원문

産後, 當大補氣血爲先, 宜用補虛湯, 雖有雜證, 以末治之.

Translation영역
After birth, greatly supplementing the qi and blood must come first; Supplement Vacuity Decoction is used, and though there be miscellaneous patterns, treat them as branches.

Dansim 丹心

1.31.2
Source원문

又云, 胎前毋滯, 産後毋虛. 産後切不可發表. 又不可用芍藥, 以性味酸寒, 能伐生發之氣故也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
It is also said: before birth, let there be no stagnation; after birth, let there be no vacuity. After birth the exterior must on no account be effused. Nor may peony be used, because its nature and flavour are sour and cold and can cut down the engendering and effusing qi.
Clinical note임상 주석
胎前毋滯, 産後毋虛 — no stagnation before, no vacuity after — is the eight-graph summary of the whole chapter, and the two prohibitions that follow are Danxi's. No sweating, and no peony. The peony rule is the surprising one. Peony is in Samul-tang and in half the formulas of this chapter, and Danxi bars it after delivery because its sourness holds where the blood needs to move. Jeungsonsamul-tang at 1.32.2 keeps it; the chapter records the disagreement.

Dansim 丹心

1.31.3
Source원문

産後必先逐瘀, 補虛爲主, 瘀消然後, 方可行補. 如不逐瘀, 遽服參芪之屬, 或致瘀血攻心, 卽危. 《入門》

Translation영역
After birth, first drive out the stasis, with supplementing vacuity as the mainstay; only when the stasis is dispersed may supplementing proceed. If the stasis is not driven out and ginseng and astragalus and their kind are taken at once, it may bring stagnant blood attacking the heart, and that is danger.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Immun sets the order the other way from Danxi: clear first, supplement after. Supplement too soon and the retained blood is held in and rises. The two passages disagree on sequence and agree on the goal, and the resolution is 1.29.2.2's test — whether the blood is coming out. Where it is not, the Immun's order holds.

Immun 入門

1.31.4
Source원문

産後用補虛湯, 輕則加茯苓淡滲之, 重則加乾薑. 或問, 大熱用乾薑, 何也. 曰, 此非有餘之邪, 乃陰虛生內熱耳. 盖乾薑能入肺分, 利肺氣, 又能入肝經, 引衆藥生血, 然必與補陰藥同用之. 此造化之妙, 非天下之至神, 其能與於此哉. 《丹心》

Translation영역
After birth use Supplement Vacuity Decoction; in light cases add poria to percolate blandly, in severe cases add dry ginger. Someone asked: in great heat, why use dry ginger? The answer: this is not an evil of surplus but yin vacuity engendering internal heat. Dry ginger can enter the lung division and free the lung qi, and can enter the liver channel and lead the other medicines to engender blood — but it must be used together with yin-supplementing medicines. This is the subtlety of creation; who but the most spirit-like under heaven could reach it?
Clinical note임상 주석
Dry ginger for a feverish woman, and Danxi anticipates the objection. The fever after delivery is not surplus heat but emptiness, and dry ginger is there to lead the blood medicines in rather than to warm. The Fire chapter's whole argument at 5.7 — that vacuity heat is treated by supplementing — is applied here to its most common case.

Dansim 丹心

1.31.5
Source원문

大抵産病, 天行則用增損柴胡卽小柴胡湯也, 雜病則用加減四物卽四物湯也. 四物加減法, 春倍川芎, 夏倍芍藥, 秋倍地黃, 冬倍當歸. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Broadly, in the diseases of childbirth, for epidemic disease use Augmented and Reduced Bupleurum that is, Minor Bupleurum Decoction, and for miscellaneous disease use Modified Four Substances that is, Four Substances Decoction. The method of modifying Four Substances: in spring double the chuanxiong, in summer the peony, in autumn the rehmannia, in winter the angelica.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two base formulas for everything, with Samul-tang adjusted by season. The seasonal rule is one of the tradition's standard mnemonics and follows the five phases: chuanxiong for spring's wood, peony for summer's fire, rehmannia for autumn's metal, angelica for winter's water.

Gangmok 綱目

1.32 Vacuity Taxation After Birth 産後虛勞

1.32.1
Source원문

産後未滿月, 不宜多用七情, 勞倦行動, 或作鍼工, 恣食生冷粘硬之物, 及犯觸風寒, 當時未覺, 厥後卽成蓐勞. 凡産後滿百日, 乃可交合, 不爾至死虛羸, 百病滋長, 愼之. 《良方》

Translation영역
Within the month after birth she should not indulge the seven affects, labour and move about, or do needlework, or eat freely of raw, cold, sticky and hard things, or expose herself to wind and cold; it is not felt at the time, but afterwards it becomes childbed taxation. After birth, only when a hundred days are full may there be intercourse; otherwise she will be wasted and thin to the death and the hundred diseases will grow — take care.
Clinical note임상 주석
The lying-in month's rules, and the hundred-day rule for intercourse. 當時未覺 — not felt at the time — is the point: the harm of a careless month shows later as chronic debility. The hundred days is the same term Sukgeonjihwang-san's entry at 1.32.3 assumes, and it is longer than most modern advice.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.32.2
Source원문

産後勞傷過度, 名曰蓐勞, 其證虛羸, 乍起乍臥, 飮食不消, 時有咳嗽, 頭目昏痛, 發渴盜汗, 寒熱如瘧. 十全大補湯方見虛勞ㆍ當歸羊肉湯ㆍ增損四物湯ㆍ熟乾地黃散. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where taxation damage after birth has gone too far, it is called childbed taxation; its pattern is wasting and thinness, now rising and now lying down, food not digesting, cough at times, the head and eyes clouded and painful, thirst with night sweating, and cold and heat like malaria. Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter, Angelica and Mutton Decoction, Augmented and Reduced Four Substances Decoction and Prepared Dried Rehmannia Powder.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.33 Passing the Month Without Giving Birth 過月不産

1.33.1
Source원문

姙娠之婦, 有按月行經, 而胎自長者, 有三五箇月間, 其血大下, 而胎不墮者, 或及期而分娩, 或逾月而始産, 其理何歟. 曰, 其按月行經, 而胎自長者, 名曰盛胎. 盖其婦, 氣血充盛, 養胎之外, 其血尤有餘故也. 其有數月胎, 而血大下者, 謂之漏胎. 盖因事觸動經脉, 故血下而未傷於子宮故也. 雖然孕中失血, 胎雖不墮, 其氣亦虧, 多致逾月不産. 予曾見有十二三月, 或十七八月, 或二十四五箇月生者, 往往有之, 俱是氣血不足, 胚胎難長故爾. 凡十月之後未産者, 當服大補氣血之藥, 以培養之, 庶分娩之無虞也.

Translation영역
Among pregnant women there are those whose menses come each month while the foetus grows of itself, and those who at three or five months lose much blood yet do not miscarry; some deliver at term and some only after the month has passed — what is the principle? The answer: where the menses come each month and the foetus grows of itself, it is called a flourishing foetus, because the woman's qi and blood are so full that beyond nourishing the foetus there is blood to spare. Where there is a foetus of some months and much blood is lost, it is called a leaking foetus, because some event has stirred the vessels and blood comes down without the womb being harmed. Nonetheless, blood lost in pregnancy, though the foetus be not lost, leaves the qi depleted, and mostly brings delivery past the month. I have seen births at twelve or thirteen months, at seventeen or eighteen, at twenty-four or twenty-five — they occur from time to time — and all are cases of qi and blood insufficient so that the embryo is slow to grow. Whoever has not delivered after ten months should take medicines that greatly supplement qi and blood to nourish it, and the delivery may then be without worry.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two observations that are real and one conclusion that is not. Bleeding through early pregnancy with the child surviving happens, and the chapter names it — 盛胎, 漏胎. Pregnancies of eighteen or twenty-five months do not, and what the author saw was a lost pregnancy followed by a new one, with the dates run together. The recommendation that follows — supplement rather than induce — is the safe one for a physician who cannot date the pregnancy.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.33.2
Source원문

過月不産, 用八物湯方見虛勞, 加黃芪ㆍ鹿角膠珠, 煎服, 峻補之. 《正傳》

Translation영역
For passing the month without giving birth, Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter with astragalus and deer antler glue beads added, decocted and taken, to supplement forcefully.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.33.3
Source원문

又方, 四物湯方見血門, 加香附ㆍ桃仁ㆍ枳殼ㆍ縮砂ㆍ紫蘇葉, 水煎服, 卽産. 《良方》

Translation영역
Another formula: Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with cyperus, peach kernel, bitter orange, amomum and perilla leaf added, decocted in water and taken, and the birth follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Yangbang goes the other way from the Jeongjeon — moving rather than supplementing — and the two passages together give the chapter's real position: it does not know which a post-term pregnancy needs, and offers both. **Pregnancy beyond forty-two weeks carries increased risk to the child and requires obstetric assessment for induction.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.34 General Treatment in Pregnancy 姙娠通治

1.34.1
Source원문

宜用芎歸湯ㆍ四物湯方見血門ㆍ保安丸ㆍ當歸芍藥散ㆍ益母丸方見上ㆍ益母膏.

Translation영역
Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter, Protect Peace Pill, Angelica and Peony Powder, Motherwort Pill formula above and Motherwort Paste are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.35 Ending Childbearing 斷産

1.35.1
Source원문

婦人産育艱難, 或一歲一産, 可以此少間之. 四物湯, 加芸薹子一撮煎, 於經行後, 空心服. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where a woman bears with difficulty, or bears one child each year, this may be used to space them a little: Four Substances Decoction with a pinch of rapeseed added, decocted, taken on an empty stomach after the menses have passed.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section opens with a contraceptive, and gives the reason plainly: a woman bearing every year, or bearing with difficulty, may need an interval. 少間之 — space them a little. That the Bogam has a section on ending childbearing at all is worth noting. It offers seven methods, from a mild decoction to permanent sterilization, and records them without judgement.

Deukhyo 得效

1.35.2
Source원문

母有宿疾, 終不可保胎者, 牛膝 四分, 瞿麥ㆍ桂心ㆍ蟹爪 各二分爲末, 空心, 溫酒調服, 以下之, 免害其母. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the mother has a long-standing illness and the pregnancy cannot in the end be kept, achyranthes 4 pun and dianthus, cinnamon heart and crab claw 2 pun each, powdered and taken in warm wine on an empty stomach, to bring it down and spare the mother harm.
Clinical note임상 주석
Therapeutic abortion where the mother's illness makes the pregnancy dangerous — 免害其母, to spare the mother harm. The indication is stated as a medical one, and the formula is the chapter's standard blood-mover with crab claw. **These are not reliable abortifacients and several are toxic. Termination of pregnancy requires medical care.**

Immun 入門

1.35.3
Source원문

姙婦因疾病, 胎不能安, 可下之, 法麴 四兩, 水二大盞, 煎取一盞, 去滓, 分三服, 卽下. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where a pregnant woman cannot keep the pregnancy because of illness, it may be brought down: medicated leaven 4 nyang in 2 large cups of water reduced to 1, strained, taken in three doses, and it comes down.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.35.4
Source원문

又方, 麥芽ㆍ神麴 各半升, 和水煮服之, 卽下, 神效. 《良方》

Translation영역
Another formula: barley sprout and medicated leaven half a seung each, boiled in water and taken, and it comes down with spirit-like effect.
Clinical note임상 주석
Barley sprout and leaven — the two medicinals 1.13.1 lists among the foods that dissolve the foetal qi. Given here in quantity for the purpose the prohibition guarded against.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.35.5
Source원문

又方, 附子 二枚爲末, 醋調, 塗母右足, 去之, 大良. 《良方》

Translation영역
Another formula: two aconite roots powdered and mixed with vinegar, applied to the mother's right foot, then removed; very good.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Aconite is toxic and absorbed through skin.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.35.6
Source원문

斷子法, 用白麪麴一升, 好酒五升, 打作糊, 煮至二升半, 以絹濾去渣, 作三服, 候月經將來日, 晩下吃一服, 次日五更吃一服, 天明吃一服, 月經卽行, 終身絶子. 《丹心》

Translation영역
The method of cutting off children: wheat leaven 1 seung and good wine 5 seung beaten into a paste, boiled down to 2 seung and a half, strained through silk, and made into three doses. On the day the menses are due, take one in the evening, one at the fifth watch of the next day, and one at daybreak; the menses come at once, and children are cut off for life.

Dansim 丹心

1.35.7
Source원문

又方, 故蚕紙方圓一尺, 燒存性爲末, 酒飮調服, 終身不復懷孕. 《良方》

Translation영역
Another formula: a square foot of old silkworm egg paper burnt preserving its nature and powdered, taken in wine, and she never conceives again.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.35.8
Source원문

又方, 油煎水銀, 空心服, 如棗核大一丸, 永斷, 不損人. 《良方》

Translation영역
Another formula: mercury fried in oil, taken on an empty stomach, one pill the size of a jujube stone, cuts it off for ever and does no harm.
Clinical note임상 주석
不損人 — does no harm — is the one claim in this section that must be flatly contradicted. Mercury taken by mouth is a severe neurotoxin and nephrotoxin, and the sterility it produced came with everything else. **Mercury is toxic. This must not be prepared or taken under any circumstances.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.36 The Diseases of Widows and Nuns Differ from Those of Wives and Concubines 寡婦師尼之病異乎妻妾

1.36.1
Source원문

宋褚澄療師尼寡婦, 別製方, 盖有謂也. 此二種寡居, 獨陰無陽, 慾心萌而多不遂, 是以陰陽交爭, 乍寒乍熱, 全類溫瘧, 久則爲勞. 史記倉公傳, 載濟北王侍人韓女, 病腰背痛, 寒熱. 衆醫多以爲寒熱, 倉公曰, 病得之欲男子不可得也. 何以知之. 診得其脉, 肝脉弦出寸口, 是以知之. 盖男子以精爲主, 婦人以血爲主, 男子精盛以思室, 婦人血盛以懷胎. 如厥陰脉弦出寸口, 又上魚際, 則陰盛可知. 故知褚氏之言有謂矣. 《寶鑑》

Translation영역
Chu Cheng of the Song treated nuns and widows with separately devised formulas, and there was reason in it. These two kinds live alone — solitary yin without yang — and where desire sprouts and is mostly unfulfilled, yin and yang contend, now cold and now hot, wholly like a warm malaria, and in time it becomes taxation. The Shiji's biography of Cang Gong records that the attendant of the King of Jibei, the woman Han, fell ill with pain of lumbus and back and cold and heat. The physicians mostly took it for cold and heat; Cang Gong said, the illness came of desiring a man and not being able to have one. How did he know? He read her pulse: the liver pulse was stringlike and came out past the inch opening, and by this he knew. For a man's essence is his mainstay and a woman's blood is hers; a man with essence exuberant thinks of the bedchamber, and a woman with blood exuberant conceives. Where the reverting yin pulse is stringlike and passes the inch opening and rises to the fish border, the yin is known to be exuberant. So it is known that Master Chu's words had reason.
Clinical note임상 주석
A section that treats sexual frustration as a medical condition, and traces the idea back through two authorities: Chu Cheng, who made separate formulas for widows and nuns, and Cang Gong in the Shiji, who diagnosed it from the pulse in a palace attendant. The mechanism offered is that unfulfilled desire sets yin and yang at odds, producing a fever like malaria that in time becomes consumption. What the chapter is describing is chronic distress with somatic symptoms in women whose circumstances give them no outlet, and it takes it seriously enough to give it a section and four formulas.

Bogam 寶鑑

1.36.2
Source원문

寡婦師尼, 鬱抑成病, 其證, 惡風體倦, 乍寒乍熱, 面赤心煩, 或時自汗, 肝脉弦長而出寸口, 宜柴胡抑肝湯ㆍ芙蓉散ㆍ抑陰地黃丸ㆍ䴰麴丸方見積聚.

Translation영역
Where widows and nuns fall ill from depression and repression, the pattern is aversion to wind and weariness of body, now cold and now hot, the face red and the heart vexed, at times spontaneous sweating, and the liver pulse stringlike and long and passing the inch opening. Bupleurum Restrain the Liver Decoction, Cotton Rose Powder, Restrain the Yin Rehmannia Pill and Barley Leaven Pill formula in the Accumulations chapter are appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.36.3
Source원문

每日上午, 神思昏憒, 怕見明處, 惡聞人聲, 至午後方可, 頭昏腹痛驚惕, 稍涉勞動與月經來時, 其證尤劇, 此不得遂志之故也. 宜淸神養榮, 以四物湯, 加人參ㆍ茯神ㆍ陳皮ㆍ柴胡ㆍ羌活ㆍ香附子ㆍ甘草, 煎服.

Translation영역
Every morning the spirit and thought are clouded and confused, she fears the light and loathes the sound of voices, and only after noon is she tolerable; the head swims, the belly pains, she starts in fright, and with the least exertion or when the menses come the pattern is worse — this is the result of not attaining what she wished. The spirit should be cleared and the construction nourished: Four Substances Decoction with ginseng, poria with pine root, tangerine peel, bupleurum, notopterygium, cyperus and licorice added, decocted and taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
The most exact clinical picture in the section — worse in the morning, photophobia, aversion to voices, startling, aggravated by exertion and by the menses. 此不得遂志之故 — the result of not attaining what she wished. Read without the attribution to celibacy, it is a description of depression with anxiety, and the diurnal pattern is characteristic.

Immun 入門

1.36.4
Source원문

或有與鬼交通者, 由神不守舍, 或時獨笑或泣, 脉遲伏, 或如雀啄, 顔色不變者, 宜茯神黃芪湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Some have intercourse with ghosts, from the spirit not keeping its dwelling; at times they laugh alone or weep; the pulse is slow and hidden, or like a sparrow pecking; the complexion does not change. Poria with Pine Root and Astragalus Decoction is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
與鬼交通 — intercourse with ghosts — is the tradition's name for erotic dreams and visitations reported by women living alone, and the chapter treats it as the spirit wandering rather than as possession. The Dreams chapter treats the same at 2.12. The sign that matters is 顔色不變 — the complexion does not change. The woman is not ill in her body, and the treatment settles the spirit rather than anything else.

Immun 入門

1.37 The Visceral Agitation Pattern 藏燥證

1.37.1
Source원문

婦人藏燥, 悲傷欲哭, 象如神靈所作, 數欠伸, 甘麥大棗湯主之. 《仲景》

Translation영역
In a woman's visceral agitation, she is grieved and wants to weep, as though something done by a spirit; she yawns and stretches often. Licorice, Wheat and Jujube Decoction governs it.
Clinical note임상 주석
Zhongjing's passage from the Jingui, and one of the most-quoted in the tradition: a woman weeping without cause, as though possessed, yawning repeatedly, and the formula is three foods — licorice, wheat and jujube. 象如神靈所作 — as though something done by a spirit — is how it presented, and the treatment is deliberately mild. The case at 1.37.2 shows what the alternative was.

Junggyeong 仲景

1.37.2
Source원문

有自哭自笑者, 紅棗燒存性, 米飮調服. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where she weeps and laughs of herself, red jujube burnt preserving its nature, taken stirred into rice broth.

Immun 入門

1.37.2 A Case of Visceral Agitation 治驗

1.37.2.1
Source원문

鄕里有一婦人, 數欠, 無故悲泣不止, 或謂之有祟, 祈禳請禱, 皆不應. 予急治甘麥大棗湯, 服三貼而愈. 《本事》

Translation영역
In my village there was a woman who yawned often and wept without cause and would not stop. Some said she was haunted, and prayers, wardings and petitions were tried, all without answer. I hurriedly prepared Licorice, Wheat and Jujube Decoction, and after three packets she was cured.
Clinical note임상 주석
Xu Shuwei's case, and the point of it is what did not work — 祈禳請禱, prayers and wardings — before three packets of a formula made of foods did. The tradition kept this case because it made the argument for medicine over exorcism in the plainest terms.

Bonsa 本事

1.38 Medicines to Have Ready at the Birth 臨産預備藥物

1.38.1
Source원문

芎歸湯, ○四物湯, ○催生丹, ○香桂散, ○紫蘇飮, ○花蘂石散, ○失笑散, ○奪命散, ○三退散, ○益母丸, ○返魂丹, ○如神散, ○凉血地黃湯, ○黑龍丹, ○霹靂丹, ○催生如聖散, ○犀角地黃湯, ○如聖膏, ○生葱, ○生薑, ○萆麻子, ○海馬, ○石燕子, ○猪脂, ○香油, ○益母草, ○白蜜, ○阿膠, ○雞卵, ○淸酒, ○米醋, ○竹瀝, ○紅花, ○荊芥, ○蒲黃, ○陳艾, ○生地黃.

Translation영역
Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction, Four Substances Decoction, Hasten the Birth Elixir, Fragrant Cinnamon Powder, Perilla Drink, Flower Stamen Stone Powder, Sudden Smile Powder, Seize Life Powder, Three Sloughs Powder, Motherwort Pill, Return the Soul Elixir, Spirit-Like Powder, Cool the Blood Rehmannia Decoction, Black Dragon Elixir, Thunderbolt Elixir, Hasten the Birth Sagely Powder, Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction, Sagely Paste; fresh scallion, fresh ginger, castor seed, sea horse, stone swallow, lard, sesame oil, motherwort, white honey, ass-hide glue, hen's egg, clear wine, rice vinegar, bamboo sap, safflower, schizonepeta, cattail pollen, aged mugwort, fresh rehmannia.
Clinical note임상 주석
A packing list for the birthing room: eighteen formulas and nineteen simples, to be assembled before labour begins. Half the simples are kitchen goods — scallion, ginger, oil, honey, egg, wine, vinegar — and the formulas are the ones the chapter has named for each emergency. The list is practical in a way the surrounding sections are not, and it is the chapter's own summary of what it expects to be needed.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.39 The Miscellaneous Diseases of Women 婦人雜病

1.39.1
Source원문

婦人者, 衆陰之所集, 常與濕居, 十五以上, 陰氣浮溢, 百想經心, 內傷五藏, 外損姿容, 月水去留, 前後交牙, 瘀血停凝, 中道斷絶, 其中傷墮, 不可具論. 所以婦人別立方者, 以其氣血不調, 胎姙産生崩傷之異故也. 婦人之病, 與男子, 十倍難療, 以其嗜慾多於丈夫, 感病倍於男子, 加以疾妬憂恚慈戀愛憎, 深着堅牢, 情不自抑, 所以爲病根深也. 《聖惠》

Translation영역
Woman is where the many yin gather, and she dwells always with damp. From fifteen upward the yin qi floats and overflows, a hundred thoughts pass through the heart, the five viscera are damaged within and the features harmed without; the menses come and stay, early and late by turns, stagnant blood stands and congeals, the middle way is cut off, and the injuries and losses within cannot all be told. The reason separate formulas are set up for women is that their qi and blood are unregulated and the peculiarities of pregnancy, birth, flooding and injury are theirs. Women's diseases are ten times harder to treat than men's, because their appetites exceed a husband's and they contract illness at double the rate; and further, jealousy, worry, anger, tenderness, longing, love and hate are deeply lodged and firmly fixed, and their feelings cannot restrain themselves — so the root of illness runs deep.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's closing statement of why women's medicine is a separate discipline, and it gives two reasons: one anatomical — pregnancy, birth, bleeding — and one that is of its period, about women's feelings running deeper than men's. The first reason is the whole justification for the 132 sections above. The second is recorded as the source has it.

Seonghye 聖惠

1.39.2
Source원문

七癥八瘕, 九種心痛, 十二帶下, 共三十六病, 雖有名數, 莫詳證狀, 推原其理, 無非血病. 《得效》

Translation영역
The seven concretions, eight conglomerations, nine kinds of heart pain and twelve discharges make thirty-six diseases; though they have names and numbers, their patterns are not detailed, and tracing their principle to its origin, there is none that is not a disease of blood.
Clinical note임상 주석
無非血病 — none that is not a disease of blood. The thirty-six diseases of women reduced to one, which is the position the Uterus chapter argues throughout and this chapter assumes.

Deukhyo 得效

1.39.3
Source원문

婦人氣盛於血, 所以無子, 且變生諸證, 頭暈膈滿, 宜抑氣散ㆍ異香四神散. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a woman's qi is more exuberant than her blood, she is therefore without child, and it changes into the various patterns of dizziness and fullness of the diaphragm; Restrain the Qi Powder and Extraordinary Fragrance Four Spirits Powder are appropriate.

Immun 入門

1.39.4
Source원문

婦人虛勞, 宜用滋陰百補丸ㆍ人參荊芥散ㆍ逍遙散ㆍ加味逍遙散ㆍ滋血湯ㆍ滋陰地黃丸ㆍ茯神湯ㆍ三合湯.

Translation영역
For vacuity taxation in women, Enrich the Yin Hundred Supplements Pill, Ginseng and Schizonepeta Powder, Free Wanderer Powder, Augmented Free Wanderer Powder, Enrich the Blood Decoction, Enrich the Yin Rehmannia Pill, Poria with Pine Root Decoction and Three Combined Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.39.5
Source원문

身有血線, 宜橘歸丸.

Translation영역
Where there are blood threads on the body, Tangerine and Angelica Pill is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.39.6
Source원문

百病通治, 宜神仙聚寶丹ㆍ濟陰丹方見上ㆍ益母丸ㆍ益母膏方幷見上.

Translation영역
For general treatment of the hundred diseases, Immortals' Gather the Treasures Elixir, Aid the Yin Elixir formula above, Motherwort Pill and Motherwort Paste both formulas above are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.39.7
Source원문

茯苓補心湯, 治虛勞熱嗽無汗方見血門, 滋陰至寶湯, 治虛勞熱嗽有汗. 《回春》

Translation영역
Poria Supplement the Heart Decoction treats vacuity taxation with heat cough and no sweating formula in the Blood chapter; Enrich the Yin Supreme Treasure Decoction treats vacuity taxation with heat cough and sweating.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's medical sections close on a distinction by one sign — sweat or no sweat — of the kind the Fire chapter uses at 5.13 for tidal fever. What follows at 1.40 is a different kind of material: the direction of the birthing room, the calendar of the foetus-killer, and the charms.

Hoechun 回春

1.40 Setting Up the Birthing Room 安産室

1.40.1
Source원문

姙娠入月, 便寫産圖一本, 貼掛産母房內北壁上, 隨月換圖, 不用入節之日, 只於朔日貼之. 《良方》

Translation영역
When the pregnancy enters its month, write out one copy of the birth chart and hang it on the north wall of the mother's room, changing the chart with the month — not on the day the solar term enters, but only on the first of the month.
Clinical note임상 주석
The sections from here to 1.48 are not medicine but the ordering of the birthing room by direction and calendar, and the chapter includes them because a household preparing for a birth would have wanted them. The birth chart is the diagram at 1.41, and it shows which way the mother should face, where the placenta is buried and where the foetus-killer is that month.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.40.2
Source원문

又貼催生符ㆍ借地法.

Translation영역
Also post the hastening charm and the borrowing-ground method.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.41 The Birth Direction Chart 安産方位圖

1.41.1
Source원문

安産方位圖.

Translation영역
The birth direction chart.
Clinical note임상 주석
A diagram in the source, and the only figure in the chapter. It drew the room as a compass with the direction for the bed, for burying the placenta and for the foetus-killer marked for the month, so that the household could read it at a glance rather than work through the table below.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.42 Auspicious Directions for the Birth and for Burying the Placenta 安産藏胎衣吉方

1.42.1
Source원문

凡月德安産室, 月空藏衣爲準. 正月ㆍ二月ㆍ三月ㆍ四月ㆍ五月ㆍ六月ㆍ七月ㆍ八月ㆍ九月ㆍ十月ㆍ十一月ㆍ十二月. 天德, 丁ㆍ坤ㆍ壬ㆍ辛ㆍ乾ㆍ甲ㆍ癸ㆍ艮ㆍ丙ㆍ乙ㆍ巽ㆍ庚. 月德, 丙ㆍ甲ㆍ壬ㆍ庚ㆍ丙ㆍ甲ㆍ壬ㆍ庚ㆍ丙ㆍ甲ㆍ壬ㆍ庚. 月空, 壬ㆍ庚ㆍ丙ㆍ甲ㆍ壬ㆍ庚ㆍ丙ㆍ甲ㆍ壬ㆍ庚ㆍ丙ㆍ甲. 生氣, 子ㆍ丑ㆍ寅ㆍ卯ㆍ辰ㆍ巳ㆍ午ㆍ未ㆍ申ㆍ酉ㆍ戌ㆍ亥.

Translation영역
The birthing room is set by the month's virtue, and the placenta is buried by the month's void. For the twelve months from the first to the twelfth: heaven's virtue is jeong, gon, im, sin, geon, gap, gye, gan, byeong, eul, son, gyeong; the month's virtue is byeong, gap, im, gyeong, repeating; the month's void is im, gyeong, byeong, gap, repeating; and the engendering qi is ja, chuk, in, myo, jin, sa, o, mi, sin, yu, sul, hae.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four rows of twelve, and only two are used: the month's virtue for where the mother lies, and the month's void for where the placenta goes. The directions are given as stems and trigrams — 丙 is south, 壬 north, 甲 east, 庚 west — so the placenta is buried in the direction opposite to the one the mother faces. Burying the placenta was universal, and the direction mattered to the household. The chapter records the system without comment.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.43 The Hastening Charm 催生符

1.43.1
Source원문

右符, 以朱砂書之, 貼於房內北壁上. 遇坐草之時, 箚於鍼上, 就燈燒之, 不得飛揚, 溫水調服, 妙. 《良方》

Translation영역
The charm at right is written in cinnabar and posted on the north wall of the room. When the time comes to go to the straw, spear it on a needle, burn it at the lamp so that it does not fly up, stir the ash into warm water and take — marvellous.
Clinical note임상 주석
A talisman written in cinnabar, posted through the pregnancy and burned and swallowed at the birth. Cinnabar is mercury sulfide, and drinking its ash in water is the part of this practice that did harm. **Cinnabar is mercury sulfide. Ingesting it is toxic.**

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.44 Master Chehyeon's Method of Borrowing the Ground 體玄子借地法

1.44.1
Source원문

呪曰, 東借十步, 西借十步, 南借十步, 北借十步, 上借十步, 下借十步, 壁房之中, 四十餘步, 安産借地, 恐有穢汚. 或有東海神王, 或有西海神王, 或有南海神王, 或有北海神王, 或有日遊將軍, 白虎夫人, 遠去十丈. 軒轅招搖, 擧高十丈. 天符地軸, 入地十丈. 令此地空閑, 産婦某氏, 安居無所妨碍, 無所畏忌, 諸神擁護, 百邪逐去. 急急如律令勑. 讀三遍. 《得效》

Translation영역
The incantation says: I borrow ten paces to the east, ten to the west, ten to the south, ten to the north, ten above and ten below — within the walls of this room, forty paces and more, ground borrowed for the birth, lest there be defilement. If there be the Spirit King of the Eastern Sea, the Spirit King of the Western Sea, the Spirit King of the Southern Sea, the Spirit King of the Northern Sea, the Day-Wandering General or the Lady White Tiger, withdraw ten rods. Xuanyuan and Zhaoyao, rise ten rods. Heaven's tally and earth's axle, sink ten rods into the ground. Let this ground be empty and free, that the mother so-and-so may dwell in peace with nothing to hinder and nothing to fear, all the spirits guarding her and the hundred evils driven off. Quickly, quickly, as the statutes command. Read three times.
Clinical note임상 주석
A Daoist incantation to clear the room of spirits before the birth, addressed to the sea kings, the wandering general, the star gods Xuanyuan and Zhaoyao, and closed with the standard formula 急急如律令 — quickly, as the statutes command. The Bogam includes it because the birthing room was held to be a dangerous place, and clearing it was part of preparing it. 産婦某氏, the mother so-and-so, is a blank to be filled with her name.

Deukhyo 得效

1.45 Where the Foetus-Killer Roams by the Month 月遊胎殺所在

1.45.1
Source원문

正月在房床. ○二月在窓戶. ○三月在門堂. ○四月在竈. ○五月在身床. ○六月在床倉. ○七月在碓磨. ○八月在厠戶. ○九月在門房. ○十月在床房. ○十一月在爐竈. ○十二月在床房. 《局方》

Translation영역
In the first month it is at the bed in the room. In the second, at the window. In the third, at the door and hall. In the fourth, at the stove. In the fifth, at the body's bed. In the sixth, at the bed and storehouse. In the seventh, at the mortar and mill. In the eighth, at the privy door. In the ninth, at the door and room. In the tenth, at the bed and room. In the eleventh, at the hearth and stove. In the twelfth, at the bed and room.
Clinical note임상 주석
The foetus-killer is the spirit 1.13.3 warned against, and this is its calendar: a place in the house for each month, where nothing is to be repaired, moved or hammered. The places named — bed, window, door, stove, mill, privy — are the working parts of a house, and the rule amounts to leaving the household alone during the pregnancy.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.46 Where the Foetus-Killer Roams by the Day 日遊胎殺所在

1.46.1
Source원문

甲己日在門. ○乙庚日在碓磨礱. ○丙辛日在井竈. ○丁壬日在廚廨. ○戊癸日在米倉. ○子丑日在中堂. ○寅卯辰酉日在竈. ○巳午日在門. ○未申日在籬下. ○戌亥日在房.

Translation영역
On gap and gi days it is at the door. On eul and gyeong days, at the mortar, mill and huller. On byeong and sin days, at the well and stove. On jeong and im days, at the kitchen. On mu and gye days, at the rice store. On ja and chuk days, in the central hall. On in, myo, jin and yu days, at the stove. On sa and o days, at the door. On mi and sin days, under the hedge. On sul and hae days, in the room.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.46.2
Source원문

凡胎殺所在, 不宜修整, 雖隣家興動, 孕婦當避. 縱不墮胎, 令兒破形, 色靑, 體攣, 竅塞, 或至夭殞, 可不戒之. 《局方》

Translation영역
Wherever the foetus-killer is, nothing should be repaired or set in order; even where a neighbour's household is stirring, the pregnant woman should keep away. Though it may not bring down the foetus, it makes the child deformed, green in colour, cramped in body, blocked in its orifices, or brings it to an early death — how can one not guard against it?
Clinical note임상 주석
The consequences listed — deformity, discolouration, contracture, atresia, early death — are the birth defects a household would have seen, and the foetus-killer is the explanation offered for them. The rule it produces is that building work near a pregnant woman is to be avoided, which 1.13.3 stated and this section makes daily.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.47 Where the Day-Wandering Spirit Is in the Room 房中日遊神所在

1.47.1
Source원문

癸巳ㆍ甲午ㆍ己未ㆍ丙申ㆍ丁酉日, 在房內北.

Translation영역
On gyesa, gabo, gimi, byeongsin and jeongyu days, it is in the north of the room.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.47.2
Source원문

癸卯日, 在房內西. 甲辰ㆍ乙巳ㆍ丙午ㆍ丁未日, 在房內東.

Translation영역
On gyemyo day, it is in the west of the room. On gapjin, eulsa, byeongo and jeongmi days, in the east.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.47.3
Source원문

六戊ㆍ六己日, 在房中.

Translation영역
On the six mu and six gi days, it is in the middle of the room.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.47.4
Source원문

庚子ㆍ辛丑ㆍ壬寅日, 在房內南.

Translation영역
On gyeongja, sinchuk and imin days, it is in the south of the room.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.47.5
Source원문

凡遊神所在, 忌安床換帳, 致重物於床中, 必主傷産墮胎. 《局方》

Translation영역
Wherever the wandering spirit is, avoid setting up a bed or changing the hangings, or putting heavy things on the bed — it surely brings injured birth and the fall of the foetus.
Clinical note임상 주석
A second spirit with a second calendar, this one confined to the room and moving between its four sides by the sexagenary day. The prohibition is narrower than the foetus-killer's — no moving the bed, no heavy loads on it — and it is the last of the calendar rules.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48 The Method of Reckoning a Woman's Year of Age 推婦人行年法

1.48.1
Source원문

逐一排行年吉凶于後, 按右件七神, 詳斷吉凶. 《局方》

Translation영역
The auspicious and inauspicious for each year of age are set out in order below; consult the seven spirits at right and judge the fortune in detail.
Clinical note임상 주석
The seven spirits are positions on the compass that shift with the woman's age, and the table gave a line for every year from thirteen to forty-nine. Each line named where she should lie, what colour to wear, and the seven directions to avoid. The seven passages that follow say what each position governs.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.2
Source원문

一, 宜臥方. 産婦, 宜向之坐臥, 及床帳向之開門, 大吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
One, the direction to lie. The mother should sit and lie facing it, and the bed hangings should open toward it — very auspicious.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.3
Source원문

二, 反支月. 遇此月卽鋪灰鋪草, 勿令惡血汚地, 吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
Two, the reversed-support month. Meeting this month, spread ash and straw, and do not let the spoiled blood foul the ground — auspicious.
Clinical note임상 주석
Ash and straw under the mother to take the blood — the origin of 坐草, going to the straw, which the chapter has used throughout as its word for labour. The charm and the practice are the same thing here.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.4
Source원문

三, 禍害月. 不得於其上産, 又不得向之大小便, 避之大吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
Three, the calamity direction. She may not give birth upon it, nor pass water or stool toward it; avoiding it is very auspicious.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.5
Source원문

四, 絶命方. 不得於其上産, 又不得向之大小便, 避之大吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
Four, the severed-life direction. She may not give birth upon it, nor pass water or stool toward it; avoiding it is very auspicious.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.6
Source원문

五, 懸尸方. 遇此日, 産不得攀繩, 宜懸馬轡攀之, 大吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
Five, the hanging-corpse direction. Meeting this day, she may not pull on a rope at the birth; hang a horse's bridle and let her pull on that — very auspicious.
Clinical note임상 주석
The one practical detail in the seven: the birthing rope of 1.21.2 is replaced by a bridle on days when a rope would resemble a hanging. The device is the same; only its name is changed.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.7
Source원문

六, 閉肚方. 臨月及滿月, 幷不得向之大小便, 及棄不淨之水, 謹之, 吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
Six, the closed-belly direction. In the last month and the month after, she may not pass water or stool toward it, nor throw out unclean water; being careful of it is auspicious.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.48.8
Source원문

七, 八㽵方. 産帳不得向之開門, 忌之, 大吉. 《局方》

Translation영역
Seven, the eight-ruins direction. The birth hangings may not open toward it; avoiding it is very auspicious.
Clinical note임상 주석
Nine sections of calendar and direction, from 1.40 to here, and they are the chapter's concession to what a household actually did. The Bogam does not endorse them and does not argue with them; it records them because a physician attending a birth would be asked.

Hwaje Gukbang (和劑局方)

1.49 Emergencies of the Newborn 小兒初生救急

1.49.1
Source원문

凡十八條.

Translation영역
Eighteen articles in all.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eighteen things that go wrong in the first hours and days, set down in the women's chapter rather than the children's because the person at hand is the one who attended the birth. The list runs from the child that does not breathe to skin sores, and several of its manoeuvres — clearing the mouth, warming the cord, stimulating the soles — are what a birth attendant still does.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.49.1 The Breath Failing and No Cry 氣絶不啼

1.49.1.1
Source원문

初生, 氣欲絶不能啼, 必是難産, 或冒寒所致. 急以綿絮包, 置懷中, 勿斷臍帶. 且將胞衣置爐火中燒之, 仍作大紙撚, 蘸油點火, 於臍帶下熏之, 令火氣入腹, 更以熱醋湯, 盪洗臍帶, 須令氣回, 啼哭如常, 方可斷臍帶. 《三因》

Translation영역
Where the newborn's breath is about to fail and it cannot cry, it is surely from a difficult birth, or from being chilled. Wrap it at once in padded cotton and hold it against the breast, and do not cut the cord. Put the placenta in the stove fire to burn, and make a large paper spill, dip it in oil, light it and warm beneath the cord, so that the fire's qi enters the belly; then wash the cord with hot vinegar water. Only when the breath returns and it cries as usual may the cord be cut.
Clinical note임상 주석
The first of the eighteen, and the one that matters most. A newborn that does not breathe is kept warm against the body, the cord is left uncut, and heat is applied — and the cord is not cut until it cries. Delayed cord clamping and skin-to-skin warming for the non-breathing newborn are exactly what modern resuscitation begins with. The burning placenta and warmed cord were the tradition's way of keeping the child's own blood supply going while it recovered. **A newborn that does not breathe requires immediate resuscitation.**

Samin 三因

1.49.2 Foetal Cold 胎寒

1.49.2.1
Source원문

初生, 面靑身冷口噤, 乃胎寒也. 用白殭蚕散, 急救之. 白殭蚕ㆍ木香ㆍ肉桂ㆍ陳皮ㆍ檳榔ㆍ甘草(灸) 各五分. 右剉, 水煎取汁, 以綿蘸, 入兒口中. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn's face is green, its body cold and its jaw clenched, this is foetal cold. Rescue it at once with White Silkworm Powder: white silkworm, costus, cinnamon bark, tangerine peel, areca and licorice (mix-fried) 5 pun each, cut up, decocted in water, the liquor taken up on cotton and put into the child's mouth.
Clinical note임상 주석
A cyanosed, cold, rigid newborn given a warming decoction on a cotton wick. The picture is of hypothermia or asphyxia, and the medicine is the least of what is needed. **A cold, cyanosed newborn requires immediate warming and resuscitation.**

Immun 入門

1.49.3 A Blister in the Mouth 口中泡

1.49.3.1
Source원문

初生, 有卽死者, 急看兒口中懸雍前㬽上, 有泡如石榴子, 以指摘破出血, 以帛拭去, 髮灰摻之. 若惡血入口中, 卽死. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a newborn is at once near death, look quickly in its mouth at the palate before the uvula; if there is a blister like a pomegranate seed, break it with the finger to let the blood out, wipe it away with cloth and dust on hair ash. If the foul blood goes into the mouth, it dies.
Clinical note임상 주석
A blister on the palate broken with the finger. What was seen is probably an Epstein pearl or a mucous retention cyst — harmless — and the chapter's alarm is out of proportion. But the instruction to look in the mouth of a newborn in distress is right; the airway is where to look first.

Immun 入門

1.49.4 Pursed Mouth and Horse's Teeth 撮口馬牙

1.49.4.1
Source원문

初生, 忽患撮口, 不飮乳, 名曰馬牙, 不治則百無一生. 便看兒齒齦上, 有小泡子, 如粟米狀, 急以鍼挑出血, 用墨磨薄荷汁, 斷母髮少許蘸墨, 遍口內擦之, 勿飮乳一時許, 卽差. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn suddenly purses its mouth and will not take the breast, it is called horse's teeth, and untreated not one in a hundred lives. Look at once on the child's gums; if there are small blisters like grains of millet, prick them quickly with a needle to let the blood out, grind ink in mint juice, dip a few of the mother's cut hairs in the ink and rub it all over the inside of the mouth; do not give the breast for about an hour, and it is cured.
Clinical note임상 주석
馬牙, horse's teeth — the white nodules on a newborn's gums that are Bohn's nodules, and harmless. The chapter's prognosis, not one in a hundred, is for the pursed mouth rather than the nodules, and 撮口 with refusal of the breast in a newborn is neonatal tetanus. The tradition attributed the tetanus to the nodules and treated the nodules. The association it saw was real; the causation was not. **A newborn that purses its mouth and cannot feed requires urgent assessment for neonatal tetanus and sepsis.**

Immun 入門

1.49.4.2
Source원문

俗呼此泡爲齒糞, 以鍼或指爪搔破, 點生蜜, 亦效. 《俗方》

Translation영역
In common speech these blisters are called tooth-dung; scratching them open with a needle or fingernail and touching them with raw honey is also effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Raw honey must never be given to an infant under one year; it carries a risk of infant botulism.**

Sokbang 俗方

1.49.5 The Grain Path Without an Opening 穀道無孔

1.49.5.1
Source원문

初生, 穀道無孔, 不得大便, 急用金玉簪尖, 看其的處, 刺穿作孔, 以蘇合香元少許作鋌, 納孔中, 或以油紙撚絍住, 不令再合. 《俗方》

Translation영역
Where a newborn has no opening at the grain path and cannot pass stool, take at once the point of a gold or jade hairpin, find the right place, pierce it to make an opening, roll a little Storax Pill into a plug and set it in the hole, or hold it open with a twist of oiled paper, so that it does not close again.
Clinical note임상 주석
Imperforate anus, and the chapter's answer is to make the opening with a hairpin and keep it patent with a plug. That is what was possible, and where the obstruction was a membrane rather than a length of missing bowel it may have worked. **Imperforate anus is a surgical emergency of the newborn.**

Sokbang 俗方

1.49.6 Not Feeding and Not Passing Urine 不乳不尿

1.49.6.1
Source원문

初生, 不飮乳, 不小便, 大葱白一寸, 四破之, 以乳汁煎銀石器, 灌入口中, 立效. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the newborn does not take the breast and does not pass urine, one inch of large scallion white split in four, decocted in breast milk in a silver or stone vessel and poured into the mouth, takes effect at once.

Deukhyo 得效

1.49.7 Vomiting and Not Feeding 嘔吐不乳

1.49.7.1
Source원문

初生, 嘔吐不能飮乳, 乃穢惡入口. 用黃連ㆍ枳殼ㆍ赤茯苓, 等分爲末, 蜜丸梧子大, 乳汁調一丸, 灌入口中. 又木瓜生薑煎湯, 灌口中, 亦妙. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn vomits and cannot take the breast, foul matter has gone into the mouth. Coptis, bitter orange and red poria in equal parts, powdered, honey pills the size of a firmiana seed, one dissolved in breast milk and poured into the mouth. Or chaenomeles and fresh ginger decocted and poured in — also marvellous.
Clinical note임상 주석
穢惡入口 — foul matter into the mouth — means the child has swallowed meconium or amniotic fluid during the birth, and the chapter's reading is right. The treatment is a bitter pill in breast milk.

Immun 入門

1.49.8 Neither Stool Nor Urine Passing 大小便不通

1.49.8.1
Source원문

初生, 大小便不通, 腹脹氣欲絶, 急令婦人, 以溫水漱口了, 吸咂兒前後心, 幷臍下手足心, 共七處, 每一處, 凡咂三五次, 漱口更咂, 取紅赤色爲度, 須臾自通, 不爾則死. 《三因》

Translation영역
Where the newborn passes neither stool nor urine, the belly distended and the breath about to fail, have a woman rinse her mouth with warm water and suck at the child's chest and back, below the navel and at the palms and soles — seven places in all — three to five times at each, rinsing and sucking again, until each is flushed red; in a moment it passes of itself, and if not, it dies.
Clinical note임상 주석
Sucking at seven points until they redden — a stimulation of the whole body surface, and the palms and soles in particular. Rubbing and stimulating a newborn that is not responding is what an attendant does, and this is the tradition's version.

Samin 三因

1.49.8.2
Source원문

又葱白汁ㆍ乳汁, 各半調勻, 抹兒口中, 與乳吮下, 卽通. 《回春》

Translation영역
Or scallion white juice and breast milk in equal parts mixed evenly, smeared in the child's mouth and let it suck down with the breast, and it passes.

Hoechun 回春

1.49.9 Urine Not Passing 小便不通

1.49.9.1
Source원문

初生, 小便不通, 生地龍數條, 入蜜少許, 同硏勻, 敷陰莖上, 內用蚕退紙燒灰, 入朱砂ㆍ龍腦ㆍ麝香 各少許, 麥門冬燈心煎湯調, 灌口中, 卽通. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn does not pass urine, several live earthworms with a little honey ground together evenly and applied to the penis; and within, silkworm egg paper burnt to ash with a little each of cinnabar, borneol and musk, stirred into a decoction of ophiopogon and juncus and poured into the mouth, and it passes.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Contains cinnabar (mercury sulfide) and musk (CITES Appendix I). Neither should be given to a newborn.**

Immun 入門

1.49.10 Stool Not Passing 大便不通

1.49.10.1
Source원문

初生, 大便不通, 先以硬葱尖, 絍入肛門內, 如不下, 用朱砂丸. 朱砂(水飛)ㆍ南星(炮)ㆍ巴豆霜 各等分. 右爲末, 糊丸黍米大, 薄荷煎湯, 灌下二丸, 卽通. 《田氏方》

Translation영역
Where the newborn does not pass stool, first insert a firm scallion tip into the anus; if it does not come down, use Cinnabar Pill — cinnabar (water-ground), arisaema (blast-fried) and croton frost in equal parts, powdered, made into paste pills the size of a millet grain, two given in mint decoction, and it passes.
Clinical note임상 주석
A scallion tip as a suppository first — a mild mechanical stimulus, and a reasonable one — and only then the pill. The pill contains croton and cinnabar, and two millet-sized pills of it in a newborn is a great deal. **Contains croton, a violent purgative, and cinnabar, which is mercury sulfide. This must not be given to an infant.**

Jeonssibang (田氏方)

1.49.11 Pursed Mouth and Not Feeding 撮口不乳

1.49.11.1
Source원문

初生, 撮口不乳飮, 取牛黃二分半, 調竹瀝, 灌入口中, 妙.

Translation영역
Where the newborn purses its mouth and will not feed, take 2 pun 5 ri of bezoar stirred into bamboo sap and pour it into the mouth — marvellous.

Immun 入門

1.49.11.2
Source원문

又方, 赤足蜈蚣一條, 去頭足, 灸焦硏如粉, 每五分, 以猪乳汁二合和勻, 分二次, 灌口中. 《得效》

Translation영역
Another formula: one red-footed centipede, head and legs removed, roasted to a char and ground to powder; 5 pun at a time mixed evenly into 2 hop of sow's milk, in two doses poured into the mouth.
Clinical note임상 주석
Pursed mouth with inability to feed is neonatal tetanus, and the centipede is the tradition's medicinal for spasm — the same reasoning that gives scorpion for convulsion. Neither is a treatment for tetanus. **Neonatal tetanus is fatal without antitoxin and intensive care.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.49.12 Goose Mouth 鵝口

1.49.12.1
Source원문

初生, 口內白屑滿舌上, 不能吮乳, 謂之鵝口. 急以亂髮纏指頭, 蘸薄荷汁或井華水, 拭淨. 如不脫, 用雄黃 三錢, 鵬砂 二錢, 甘草 一錢, 龍腦 二分半, 爲末, 蜜水調塗, 或乾糝之, 妙. 《湯氏》

Translation영역
Where the newborn has white flakes all over the tongue and cannot suck the breast, it is called goose mouth. Quickly wind tangled hair around the fingertip, dip it in mint juice or well-flower water and wipe it clean. If it does not come away, realgar 3 don, borax 2 don, licorice 1 don and borneol 2 pun 5 ri, powdered, mixed with honey water and painted on, or dusted on dry — marvellous.
Clinical note임상 주석
鵝口, goose mouth, is oral thrush, and the description — white flakes over the tongue that stop the child feeding — is exact. Wiping with a hair-wrapped finger is the first treatment, and it is what a modern parent is told to do. The powder that follows contains realgar, which is arsenic sulfide. **Realgar is arsenic sulfide and must not be applied in an infant's mouth.**

Tangssi (湯氏)

1.49.12.2
Source원문

又方, 鼠婦蟲, 取汁塗之, 又白楊樹枝, 燒取瀝塗之, 神效. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Another formula: woodlouse juice painted on; or white poplar twigs burnt and the sap collected and painted on, with spirit-like effect.

Jeongjeon 正傳

1.49.13 Born Without Skin 無皮

1.49.13.1
Source원문

初生, 遍身無皮, 但是紅肉, 以白早米粉撲之, 候生皮, 乃止. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn's whole body is without skin, only red flesh, dust it with early white rice powder, and stop when skin has grown.
Clinical note임상 주석
A child born with the skin denuded — collodion baby or a severe form of ichthyosis — and the treatment is a dry dusting powder to protect what is there while it heals. That is not far from what is done now. **A newborn with denuded skin requires neonatal intensive care; fluid and heat loss through the skin are life-threatening.**

Immun 入門

1.49.14 Fish Bubbles Over the Body 遍身魚泡

1.49.14.1
Source원문

初生, 遍身如魚泡如水晶, 碎則水流, 以密陁僧爲末摻之, 因服蘇合香元. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn's whole body is covered with what look like fish bubbles or crystal, which run with water when broken, dust on powdered litharge and give Storax Pill.
Clinical note임상 주석
Clear fluid-filled blisters over the whole body at birth — epidermolysis bullosa, or congenital bullous impetigo — and the treatment is a drying powder. Litharge is lead monoxide. **Litharge is lead oxide and is absorbed through broken skin. Widespread blistering at birth requires neonatal intensive care.**

Immun 入門

1.49.15 Blocked Nose and Not Feeding 鼻塞不乳

1.49.15.1
Source원문

初生, 鼻塞不通, 乳不得下, 取猪牙皂角ㆍ草烏 各等分, 右爲末, 葱涎調成膏, 貼顖門上.

Translation영역
Where the newborn's nose is blocked and the breast cannot go down, gleditsia and wild aconite in equal parts, powdered, mixed with scallion slime into a paste and stuck on the fontanelle.
Clinical note임상 주석
A newborn breathes through its nose, and a blocked nose stops feeding — the chapter has that right. The paste on the fontanelle is meant to draw the blockage upward, and wild aconite is in it. **Wild aconite is toxic and absorbed through skin, and the fontanelle is thin. This must not be applied to an infant.**

Deukhyo 得效

1.49.15.2
Source원문

又天南星爲末, 薑汁調和, 貼顖門上. 《得效》

Translation영역
Or arisaema powdered and mixed with ginger juice, stuck on the fontanelle.

Deukhyo 得效

1.49.16 The Testicles Drawn In 外腎縮入

1.49.16.1
Source원문

初生, 外腎縮入, 取硫黃ㆍ吳茱萸 各五錢, 爲末, 以大蒜汁調, 塗臍腹上, 仍以蛇床子燒烟, 微熏之, 妙. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the newborn's testicles are drawn in, sulphur and evodia 5 don each, powdered, mixed with garlic juice and smeared on the navel and belly, then cnidium burnt and its smoke let fume gently — marvellous.
Clinical note임상 주석
Undescended testes noticed at birth, treated with warming applications to the belly on the reasoning that cold has drawn them up. Most descend in the first months without help. **Undescended testes that have not descended by six months require surgical referral.**

Immun 入門

1.49.17 Foetal Fright 胎驚

1.49.17.1
Source원문

初生, 發驚, 乃胎驚也. 朱砂ㆍ雄黃 各等分. 右爲末, 取少許, 猪乳汁調, 抹口中, 卽效. 入麝香少許, 尤妙. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where the newborn has fits, this is foetal fright. Cinnabar and realgar in equal parts, powdered, a little taken up in sow's milk and smeared in the mouth, and the effect follows. With a little musk added, better still.
Clinical note임상 주석
Neonatal seizures, treated with cinnabar and realgar — mercury and arsenic — smeared in the mouth. Of the eighteen articles this is the one whose treatment did the most certain harm. **Cinnabar is mercury sulfide and realgar is arsenic sulfide. Neither may be given to an infant. Neonatal seizures require urgent assessment.**

Dansim 丹心

1.49.18 Wandering Red Cinnabar Toxin 赤遊丹毒

1.49.18.1
Source원문

初生, 遍體發丹毒, 赤腫遊走, 若入腹入腎, 則必死. 名曰赤遊, 乃胎毒也. 宜以細鍼或砂鍼, 隨赤暈周匝, 刺出惡血, 最妙, 仍以芭蕉汁ㆍ蠐螬汁, 塗之.

Translation영역
Where the newborn breaks out over its whole body in cinnabar toxin — red swelling that wanders — if it enters the belly or the kidney it surely dies. It is called wandering red, and it is foetal toxin. With a fine needle or a flint needle, prick around the red halo all the way round to let out the foul blood — most marvellous — then paint on banana juice or grub juice.
Clinical note임상 주석
丹毒 is erysipelas, and 遊走, wandering, describes its spread across the skin. In a newborn the chapter is right to say it kills — neonatal cellulitis is fatal untreated — and wrong in what it offers, which is pricking the margin to bleed it. **Spreading erythema in a newborn is neonatal cellulitis or necrotizing fasciitis and requires immediate intravenous antibiotics. Pricking the skin must not be done.**

Immun 入門

1.49.18.2
Source원문

又, 赤小豆末, 和雞子白, 塗之.

Translation영역
Or adzuki bean powder mixed with egg white, painted on.

Immun 入門

1.49.18.3
Source원문

又, 地龍糞 二分, 焰硝 一分, 冷水調和, 塗之.

Translation영역
Or earthworm castings 2 pun and nitre 1 pun, mixed with cold water and painted on.

Immun 入門

1.49.18.4
Source원문

又, 溝渠中小鰕, 搗爛付之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Or small shrimps from a ditch, pounded to a pulp and applied.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eighteen articles, and the ones that hold up are the first, the seventh, the eighth and the twelfth — keep the child warm and do not cut the cord until it breathes, expect vomiting after a birth where fluid was swallowed, stimulate the body surface, wipe the thrush away. The rest are of their time, and several are dangerous.

Boncho 本草

1.50 Simple Medicinals 單方

1.50.1
Source원문

凡五十一種.

Translation영역
Fifty-one kinds in all.
Clinical note임상 주석
Fifty-one simples, and the chapter's own list of them was given at 1.38 for the birthing room. Mugwort, motherwort, scallion, ginger, oil, honey and the sloughs recur, and the rest are foods.

Donguibogam · Buin

1.51 Acupuncture and Moxibustion Methods 鍼灸法

1.51.1
Source원문

男子無嗣者, 以鹽塡臍, 艾炷灸之. 連日灸, 至二三百壯, 必效. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where a man is without heir, fill the navel with salt and burn moxa cones on it; moxa daily up to two or three hundred cones, and it is certain to take effect.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter closes as it opened at 1.1.7, with the one treatment it offers the husband: salt-moxa at the navel, two or three hundred cones over days.

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.2
Source원문

婦人絶嗣, 灸關元三十壯, 可報灸之.

Translation영역
Where a woman's line is cut off, moxa Gwanwon (關元, CV4) thirty cones, and it may be repeated.

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.3
Source원문

婦人, 姙子不成, 數墮胎, 灸胞門ㆍ子戶 各五十壯. 胞門在關元左邊二寸, 子戶在關元右邊二寸, 子戶一名氣門. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where a woman cannot carry a child and miscarries repeatedly, moxa Pomun (胞門) and Jaho (子戶) fifty cones each. Pomun is 2 chon to the left of Gwanwon and Jaho 2 chon to the right; Jaho is also called Gimun.

Deukhyo 得效

1.51.4
Source원문

又灸子宮三七壯, 或鍼入二寸, 穴在中極傍, 左右各開三寸. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Or moxa Jagung (子宮) twenty-one cones, or needle 2 chon deep; the point is beside Junggeuk (中極, CV3), 3 chon to either side.

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.5
Source원문

無子, 取陰交ㆍ石門ㆍ關元ㆍ中極ㆍ湧泉ㆍ築賓ㆍ商丘ㆍ陰廉. 《甲乙》

Translation영역
For childlessness, take Eumgyo (陰交, CV7), Seongmun (石門, CV5), Gwanwon (關元, CV4), Junggeuk (中極, CV3), Yongcheon (湧泉, KI1), Chukbin (築賓, KI9), Sanggu (商丘, SP5) and Eumnyeom (陰廉, LR11).

Gabeul 甲乙

1.51.6
Source원문

催生難産, 及下死胎, 取大衝(補)ㆍ合谷(補)ㆍ三陰交(瀉), 立時分解.

Translation영역
To hasten a difficult birth and to bring down a dead foetus, take Taechung (太衝, LR3) supplementing, Hapgok (合谷, LI4) supplementing and Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6) draining, and it delivers at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
Hapgok and Sameumgyo together are the tradition's standing pair for inducing labour, and the pair is still avoided in pregnancy for that reason. Whether they induce anything is disputed; that the tradition believed they did is not. **Obstructed labour and intrauterine death require obstetric management.**

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.7
Source원문

子上衝逼心, 取巨闕, 令産母正坐, 使人抱頭抱腰微偃, 鍼入六分留七呼, 得氣卽瀉, 立甦. 如子掬母心, 生下兒, 手心有鍼痕. 子頂母心, 兒人中有鍼痕. 向後則枕骨有鍼痕, 是其驗也, 神效. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the child surges up and presses on the heart, take Geogwol (巨闕, CV14): have the mother sit upright, someone holding her head and waist and tilting her slightly back, needle 6 pun deep and retain for seven breaths, and on obtaining qi drain at once, and she revives at once. If the child was clutching the mother's heart, when it is born there is a needle mark on its palm; if it was butting the mother's heart, there is a needle mark on its philtrum; if it faced backward, on the occiput — and that is the proof, with spirit-like effect.
Clinical note임상 주석
The needle marks on the newborn are the claim to efficacy, and they are impossible — a needle 6 pun deep at the xiphoid does not reach a foetus. The passage is recorded as the source has it, and its account of the child's position from the mark is of a piece with 1.22's rabbit brain. **Needling the epigastrium of a woman in labour risks injury to the uterus and the child.**

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.8
Source원문

一婦人, 産後暴卒, 其母爲灸會陰ㆍ三陰交, 各數壯而甦, 其母盖名醫女也. 《資生》

Translation영역
A woman collapsed suddenly after birth; her mother moxaed Hoeeum (會陰, CV1) and Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), several cones each, and she revived — her mother being the daughter of a famous physician.
Clinical note임상 주석
A case with the practitioner named by relation: the mother, a physician's daughter, at her own daughter's collapse. The Bogam includes it for the points and for the reviving.

Jasaenggyeong 資生

1.51.9
Source원문

橫生逆産, 諸藥不效, 急於産母右脚小指尖頭上, 灸三壯, 卽産. 亦治胞衣不下. 醫鑑云, 卽至陰穴. 《得效》

Translation영역
In sideways and inverted birth where no medicine takes effect, moxa three cones quickly at the tip of the mother's right little toe, and the birth follows. It also treats the placenta not coming down. The Uigam says: that is Jieum (至陰, BL67).
Clinical note임상 주석
Jieum, the last point of the bladder channel at the little toe, for turning a malpresented child. It is the one obstetric acupuncture point that has been studied — moxibustion at BL67 for breech — and the trials are mixed. The chapter gives it for the same use, four centuries earlier.

Deukhyo 得效

1.51.10
Source원문

胞衣不下, 取三陰交ㆍ中極ㆍ照海ㆍ內關ㆍ崑崙. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the placenta does not come down, take Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), Junggeuk (中極, CV3), Johae (照海, KI6), Naegwan (內關, PC6) and Gollyun (崑崙, BL60).

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.11
Source원문

産後血暈, 取三里ㆍ三陰交ㆍ陰交ㆍ神門ㆍ關元. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For blood dizziness after birth, take Samni (三里, ST36), Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), Eumgyo (陰交, CV7), Sinmun (神門, HT7) and Gwanwon (關元, CV4).

Gangmok 綱目

1.51.12
Source원문

産後陰下脫, 灸臍下橫紋二七壯, 又取照海. 《良方》

Translation영역
For prolapse after birth, moxa the transverse crease below the navel fourteen cones, and also take Johae (照海, KI6).

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

1.51.13
Source원문

婦人無子, 或産後久不再孕, 取稈心一條, 長同身寸之四寸, 令婦人仰臥舒手足, 以所量稈心, 自臍心直垂下盡頭處, 以墨點記. 後以此稈心平摺, 橫安前點處, 兩頭盡處, 是穴. 按之自有動脉應手, 各灸三七壯, 神驗, 卽上所云, 胞門ㆍ子戶穴也. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where a woman is without child, or has long not conceived again after a birth, take a straw stem four body-inches long; have the woman lie on her back with hands and feet stretched out, hang the measured straw straight down from the centre of the navel, and mark the end with ink. Then fold the straw flat in half, lay it across at the mark, and where its two ends fall are the points. Pressing them there is a pulse under the finger. Moxa twenty-one cones at each, with spirit-like proof — these are the Pomun and Jaho points spoken of above.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter ends with a method of locating a point by proportional measurement — the body-inch, the straw hung from the navel, folded and laid across. It is the standard technique for the 胞門 and 子戶 points named at 1.51.3, and the pulse felt beneath them is the femoral artery. Two points, twenty-one cones each, for a woman who has not conceived. The chapter opened on seeking an heir and closes on the same wish, having in between given everything it knew of what could go wrong on the way.

Uigam 醫鑑

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Miscellaneous Disorders, Volume 10, Women chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.