寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

The Uterus

Po

한글 포  ·  Pinyin Bao

The blood chamber — where the thoroughfare and controlling vessels rise, and the cycle is read by colour, timing and pain

胞

The chapter that carries the whole of menstrual medicine in the Donguibogam. It opens by placing the uterus outside the ordinary scheme: neither viscus nor bowel but one of the extraordinary organs, storing yin and taking after the earth. From there it becomes practical very fast. The thoroughfare and controlling vessels both rise from within the uterus; the thoroughfare is the sea of blood and the controlling vessel governs the womb, and when the two flow the menses come with the month. What follows is a way of reading them. Danxi's passage at 13.6 is the chapter's centre: the menses take their character from the qi, so clots mean congealed qi, pain before the flow means stagnant qi, pain after means both qi and blood are vacuous, purple means heat and black means heat in the extreme — and physicians who see purple or black or clotted blood and reach for warming medicines bring disaster on their heels. The treatment sections that follow work that reading into formulas, and the chapter ends with forty-one simples and the acupuncture method.

13.1 The Form of the Uterus 胞形象

13.1.1
Source원문

胞者, 一名赤宮, 一名丹田, 一名命門. 男子藏精施化, 婦人繫胞有孕, 俱爲生化之源. 非五行也, 非水, 亦非火. 此天地之異名也, 象坤土之生萬物也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
The uterus is also called the crimson palace, the cinnabar field, and the gate of life. In a man it stores essence and issues transformation; in a woman it holds the womb and bears pregnancy. In both it is the source of engendering and transformation. It is not of the five phases — not water, and not fire either. This is another name for heaven and earth, taking after the way the earth of kun engenders the ten thousand things.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter opens by refusing to place the uterus in the five phases. Not water, not fire — which in that system means it cannot be assigned, controlled or engendered in the ordinary way. What is striking is that the same organ is named for both sexes. In a man it stores essence, in a woman it holds the womb, and it is one thing under three names. The Bogam treats the cinnabar field and the gate of life as the same structure throughout.

Dongwon 東垣

13.1.2
Source원문

內經曰, 胞者, 藏於陰而象於地, 名曰奇恒之府. 註曰, 奇異於恒常之六府也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: the uterus stores yin and takes after the earth, and is called an extraordinary organ. The commentary says: extraordinary, that is, differing from the six ordinary bowels.

Naegyeong 內經

13.1.3
Source원문

此胞, 非膀胱中盛尿之胞也.

Translation영역
This uterus is not the bladder that holds urine within.
Clinical note임상 주석
A single line of disambiguation, and it is needed: 胞 is written for both the womb and the bladder, and the chapter says plainly which it means. The Bogam does this whenever a graph carries two anatomies — the Accumulations chapter does the same for 伏梁 at 1.3.

Donguibogam · Po

13.2 The Position of the Uterus 胞部位

13.2.1
Source원문

婦人胎之所居, 名曰子宮, 亦曰胞門. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Where a woman's foetus resides is called the child's palace, and also the uterine gate.

Dongwon 東垣

13.2.2
Source원문

胞, 一名丹田, 一名關元穴名. 在臍下三寸, 方圓四寸. 着脊梁, 兩腎間中央赤是也. 左靑右白, 上黃下黑, 三寸法三光, 四寸法四時, 五色法五行. 兩腎間名大海而貯其血氣. 亦名大中極, 言取人身之上下四向最爲中也. 《資生》

Translation영역
The uterus is also called the cinnabar field, and also Gwanwon a point name. It lies three chon below the navel and is four chon square. It attaches to the spine, and what is red in the middle between the two kidneys is it. Green to the left and white to the right, yellow above and black below; the three chon take after the three lights, the four chon after the four seasons, the five colours after the five phases. Between the two kidneys is called the great sea, and it stores the blood and qi there. It is also called the great middle pole, meaning that of the whole body, above and below and in the four directions, this is the very middle.
Clinical note임상 주석
A location given in two registers at once. Three chon below the navel and four chon square, attached to the spine between the kidneys — that is anatomical, and it is roughly where the uterus is. The colours and correspondences that follow are not. They are the numerological frame the period placed over the body, and the passage moves between the two without marking the change. Reading it requires holding both.

Jasaenggyeong 資生

13.2.3
Source원문

胞一名子宮, 胞有寒則無子. 《仲景》

Translation영역
The uterus is also called the child's palace; where the uterus has cold in it there is no child.
Clinical note임상 주석
Seven graphs, and they carry the whole of the chapter's approach to infertility. Cold in the womb is the first cause the tradition looks for, and it is why the formulas at 13.9 are built on cyperus and mugwort — one to move the qi, one to warm.

Junggyeong 仲景

13.3 The Uterus Is the Blood Chamber 胞爲血室

13.3.1
Source원문

衝脉任脉, 皆起於胞中, 上循腹裏, 爲經絡之海. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The thoroughfare vessel and the controlling vessel both rise from within the uterus, travel upward along the inside of the abdomen, and are the sea of the channels and network vessels.

Yeongchu 靈樞

13.3.2
Source원문

內經曰, 女子二七, 天癸至, 任脉通, 大衝脉盛, 月事以時下, 故有子. 註曰, 癸謂壬癸北方水干名也. 任脉衝脉, 皆奇經脉也. 衝任流通, 經血漸盈, 應時而下, 天眞之氣降, 與之從事, 故云天癸也. 然衝爲血海, 任主胞胎, 二者相資, 故能有子. 所以謂之月事者, 平和之氣, 常以三旬而一見也. 故愆期者, 謂之有病. 《良方》

Translation영역
The Neijing says: in a woman at twice seven the heavenly water arrives, the controlling vessel opens, the great thoroughfare vessel becomes exuberant, the monthly affair descends with its season, and so there are children. The commentary says: gyeh is the name of the northern water stem, im and gyeh. The controlling and thoroughfare vessels are both extraordinary vessels. When thoroughfare and controlling flow through, the channel blood gradually fills and descends in its season; the qi of heaven's truth comes down and joins with it, and so it is called heavenly water. The thoroughfare is the sea of blood and the controlling vessel governs the womb; the two assist one another, and so there can be children. It is called the monthly affair because a qi in harmony appears once in every thirty days — and therefore one who misses the term is said to have a disease.
Clinical note임상 주석
The passage that defines the cycle and, in its last clause, defines disease: 愆期者, 謂之有病 — one who misses the term is said to have a disease. Thirty days is the standard, and departure from it is the chapter's subject. 天癸, heavenly water, is glossed here rather than left as a term of art — it is named for the northern water stem, and it is the maturing of the reproductive capacity rather than the menses themselves.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.3.3
Source원문

血室者, 血之所居也. 榮衛停止之所, 經脉流會之處, 衝脉是矣.

Translation영역
The blood chamber is where the blood resides — the place where construction and defence come to rest, where the channel vessels flow and meet. It is the thoroughfare vessel.

Donguibogam · Po

13.3.4
Source원문

衝脉爲血海, 諸經朝會, 男子則運而行之, 女子則停而止之. 男旣運行, 故無積而不滿, 女旣停止, 故有積而能滿. 滿者以時而溢, 謂之信, 卽月水也. 以象月盈則虧也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
The thoroughfare vessel is the sea of blood, where all the channels assemble in audience. In a man it is carried on and kept moving; in a woman it comes to rest and stops. The man's being kept moving, there is no accumulation and it does not fill; the woman's coming to rest, there is accumulation and it can fill. What fills overflows in its season, and this is called the tide — which is to say the monthly water. It takes after the moon, which waxes and then wanes.
Clinical note임상 주석
信, rendered here as the tide, is the word for something that keeps its appointed time, and it is the chapter's own name for the menses. The moon analogy that follows is not decorative: a thirty-day cycle governed by filling and overflowing is the model, and irregularity is read as a failure of that rhythm.

Gangmok 綱目

13.4 Pulse Method 脉法

13.4.1
Source원문

脉微, 血氣俱虛, 年少者, 亡血也. 乳子下利爲可, 否者此爲居經, 三月一來.

Translation영역
A faint pulse means blood and qi are both vacuous; in a young woman it is loss of blood. In a nursing mother, diarrhoea accounts for it; otherwise this is lodged menses, coming once in three months.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.2
Source원문

少陰脉微而遲, 微則無精, 遲則陰中寒, 澁則血不來, 此爲居經, 三月一來. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where the lesser yin pulse is faint and slow — faint meaning there is no essence, slow meaning cold within the yin, rough meaning the blood does not come — this is lodged menses, coming once in three months.
Clinical note임상 주석
居經, lodged menses, is a cycle of three months rather than one, and the chapter treats it as a recognized pattern rather than as simple amenorrhoea. That the Maekgyeong gives it a name and a pulse suggests it was seen often enough to classify.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.3
Source원문

婦人漏下赤白, 日下血數升, 脉急疾者死, 遲者生.

Translation영역
In a woman with red and white spotting, passing several seung of blood a day: a pulse urgent and rapid means death, a slow one means life.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.4
Source원문

婦人漏下赤白不止, 脉小虛滑者生, 大緊實數者死. 《脉經》

Translation영역
In a woman with red and white spotting that will not stop: a pulse small, vacuous and slippery means life; large, tight, replete and rapid means death.
Clinical note임상 주석
The rule runs opposite to the one the Oedema and Distension chapters give, where a large pulse is favourable and a weak one is not. Here a large rapid pulse in a bleeding woman means death. The reading is sound. In haemorrhage a bounding rapid pulse is the body compensating for volume it no longer has, and it precedes collapse; a slow small pulse means the loss has not yet reached that point. **Heavy vaginal bleeding is a medical emergency.**

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.5
Source원문

寸關調如故, 而尺脉絶不至者, 月水不利.

Translation영역
Where the inch and bar are regular as before but the cubit pulse is cut off and does not arrive, the monthly water is not free.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.6
Source원문

尺脉來而斷絶者, 月水不利.

Translation영역
Where the cubit pulse comes and then breaks off, the monthly water is not free.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.7
Source원문

肝脉沈, 主月水不利.

Translation영역
A sunken liver pulse governs the monthly water not being free.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.8
Source원문

尺脉滑, 血氣實也. 婦人經脉不利.

Translation영역
A slippery cubit pulse means blood and qi are replete; in a woman the channel vessels are not free.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.9
Source원문

脉來至狀如琴絃, 若小腹痛, 主月水不利, 孔竅生瘡. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Where the pulse arrives like a zither string, and there is pain in the lower abdomen, it governs the monthly water not being free, with sores arising at the orifices.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four of these ten lines read the cubit position, which is where the lower burner is taken. The cubit cut off, breaking off, or slippery each point to the same complaint by a different route — the chapter is showing that one finding can be reached several ways.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.4.10
Source원문

帶下之脉, 宜遲滑, 忌浮虛. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
In the pulse of vaginal discharge, slow and slippery is favourable; floating and vacuous is to be avoided.

Uigam 醫鑑

13.5 Variations in When the Menses Come 經行有異

13.5.1
Source원문

婦人年二七天癸至, 七七天癸竭, 行早性機巧, 行遲性魯鈍. 通行則陰陽和合, 始能生子. 行年十四歲當時, 二十歲不行, 命如風燭, 有病發則死. 間有不死, 百中無一, 亦令一生多病, 未嘗一日安裕. 然有四季行亦可. 又有一年一次者, 亦不甚佳, 或一生不循正道而行者, 晩年有僻疾則難治. 《得效》

Translation영역
In a woman the heavenly water arrives at twice seven and is exhausted at seven sevens. Where it comes early the nature is quick and ingenious; where it comes late the nature is dull. When it flows through, yin and yang are in harmony and children can be borne. The proper year is fourteen; where it has not come by twenty, the life is like a candle in the wind, and if disease breaks out the patient dies. Now and then one does not die, but that is not one in a hundred, and even so she is much troubled by illness all her life and has not one easy day. Yet coming once in each of the four seasons is also acceptable. There are also those in whom it comes once a year, which is not very good; and where it has never followed the proper course through a whole life, an intractable illness in later years will be hard to treat.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section is the chapter's account of primary amenorrhoea, and its prognosis is grim — menarche not arrived by twenty means a life of illness. What the tradition could see was the association; what it could not see were the endocrine and chromosomal causes behind it. The remark about temperament is period judgement and should be read as such. The clinically useful part is the range the passage allows: four times a year is acceptable, once a year is not good. A long cycle is not by itself treated as disease. **Menarche not reached by sixteen requires medical investigation.**

Deukhyo 得效

13.6 The Form and Colour of the Menses 月候形色

13.6.1
Source원문

經水者, 陰血也. 陰必從陽, 故禀火色也. 血爲氣之配, 氣熱則熱, 氣寒則寒, 氣升則升, 氣降則降, 氣凝則凝, 氣滯則滯, 氣淸則淸, 氣濁則濁. 往往見有成塊者, 氣之凝也. 將行而痛者, 氣之滯也. 行後作痛者, 氣血俱虛也. 色淡者, 亦虛也, 而有水渾之也. 錯經妄行者, 氣之亂也. 紫者, 氣之熱也. 黑者, 熱之甚也. 今人但見其紫者, 黑者, 作痛者, 成塊者, 率指爲風冷, 而行溫熱之劑, 禍不旋踵矣. 《丹心》

Translation영역
The menstrual water is yin blood. Yin must follow yang, and so it receives the colour of fire. Blood is the consort of qi: when the qi is hot it is hot, when the qi is cold it is cold, when the qi rises it rises, when the qi descends it descends, when the qi congeals it congeals, when the qi stagnates it stagnates, when the qi is clear it is clear, when the qi is turbid it is turbid. Where clots are often seen, the qi has congealed. Pain before the flow is stagnant qi. Pain after the flow means qi and blood are both vacuous. A pale colour is likewise vacuity, and there is water muddying it. Menses going astray and moving recklessly is qi in disorder. Purple is heat in the qi; black is heat in the extreme. People today, seeing only that it is purple, or black, or painful, or clotted, take it all for wind cold and give warming and hot medicines — and disaster follows on their heels.
Clinical note임상 주석
The centre of the chapter, and the most useful single passage in it. Eight pairs establish that the blood takes its character from the qi, and then six signs are read off that principle: clots mean congealed qi; pain before the flow means stagnation; pain after means both are vacuous; pale colour means vacuity with water; erratic bleeding means disordered qi; purple means heat and black means heat in the extreme. The last sentence is a rebuke to contemporary practice, and it is the part that still bites. Dark clotted painful menses look cold and get treated as cold; Danxi says they are usually heat, and warming them makes matters worse. The treatment section at 13.7 applies this reading formula by formula.

Dansim 丹心

13.6.2
Source원문

心主血, 故以色紅爲正, 月候雖不對期, 而色正者易調. 《入門》

Translation영역
The heart governs blood, and so a red colour is the correct one. Though the menses may not keep to their term, where the colour is correct they are easily regulated.
Clinical note임상 주석
A prognostic sign worth carrying: timing matters less than colour. A cycle that wanders but whose blood is a true red is treatable; correct timing with a wrong colour is not so reassuring.

Immun 入門

13.7 The Method of Harmonizing the Blood 和血治法

13.7.1
Source원문

經色紫者, 風也. 四物湯方見血門, 加防風ㆍ白芷ㆍ荊芥.

Translation영역
Where the menstrual colour is purple, it is wind. Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with saposhnikovia, angelica dahurica and schizonepeta added.

Dansim 丹心

13.7.2
Source원문

黑者, 熱甚也. 成塊, 色紫黑者, 血熱也. 四物湯, 加黃芩ㆍ黃連ㆍ香附子.

Translation영역
Black is heat in the extreme. Clotted and purple-black in colour is heat in the blood. Four Substances Decoction with scutellaria, coptis and cyperus added.

Dansim 丹心

13.7.3
Source원문

淡白者, 虛也. 芎歸湯方見婦人, 加人參ㆍ黃芪ㆍ白芍藥ㆍ香附子.

Translation영역
Pale white is vacuity. Chuanxiong and Angelica Decoction formula in the Women's chapter with ginseng, astragalus, white peony and cyperus added.

Dansim 丹心

13.7.4
Source원문

淡者, 有水渾之也. 二陳湯方見痰飮, 加川芎ㆍ當歸. 一云, 色淡者, 氣血俱虛, 宜八物湯方見虛勞.

Translation영역
Pale means there is water muddying it. Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm-Rheum chapter with chuanxiong and angelica added. Another account: where the colour is pale, qi and blood are both vacuous, and Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter is appropriate.

Dansim 丹心

13.7.5
Source원문

如烟塵水者, 如屋漏水者, 如豆汁者, 或帶黃者, 濕痰也. 二陳湯, 加秦芃ㆍ防風ㆍ蒼朮. 一云, 如黑豆汁者, 四物湯, 加芩連.

Translation영역
Like sooty water, like water leaking from a roof, like bean broth, or carrying yellow — this is damp phlegm. Two Matured Ingredients Decoction with large gentian, saposhnikovia and atractylodes lancea added. Another account: where it is like black bean broth, Four Substances Decoction with scutellaria and coptis added.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four similes for the same finding — sooty water, water leaking from a roof, bean broth, a yellow cast — and all four describe a thin discoloured discharge rather than blood. The chapter reads it as damp phlegm and treats it with Ijin-tang rather than with any blood formula. 屋漏水, water leaking from a roof, is a stock image in the tradition for something thin, dark and intermittent, and it recurs in the diarrhoea and discharge chapters for the same quality.

Dansim 丹心

13.7.6
Source원문

成塊, 色不變者, 氣滯也. 四物湯, 加香附子ㆍ玄胡索ㆍ枳殼ㆍ陳皮.

Translation영역
Clotted but with the colour unchanged is stagnant qi. Four Substances Decoction with cyperus, corydalis, bitter orange and tangerine peel added.
Clinical note임상 주석
The discriminating detail is that the colour has not changed. Clots with dark colour are heat, as at 13.7.2; clots with normal colour are qi that has not moved, and the additions are all qi-movers with no cold medicinal among them.

Dansim 丹心

13.7.7
Source원문

通用百子附歸丸方見婦人ㆍ琥珀調經丸.

Translation영역
For general use, Hundred Children Cyperus and Angelica Pill formula in the Women's chapter and Amber Regulate the Menses Pill.
Clinical note임상 주석
Seven passages, and six of them are Samul-tang or Ijin-tang with three or four additions. That is the whole method of this section: one base, modified by what the blood looks like. Read together with 13.6, the chapter has given a diagnostic scheme and then its formulary in two short sections. For clinical use they belong together.

Donguibogam · Po

13.8 Menses Out of Order 月候不調

13.8.1
Source원문

婦人經水少, 不如前者何也. 師曰, 曾經下利, 若汗出小便利, 亡其津液, 故令經水反少也. 設經下多於前者, 有所苦困, 當言恐大便難, 身復無汗也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Why is it that a woman's menstrual water is scant, less than before? The master said: she has had diarrhoea, or sweating with free urination, and has lost her fluids — and so the menstrual water is on the contrary scant. Should the flow be greater than before, with distress and exhaustion, one should say that the stool is likely to be difficult and the body again without sweat.
Clinical note임상 주석
Fluid lost by one route shows in another. A scant period after diarrhoea or heavy sweating is the Maekgyeong's example, and the reasoning — that the body has one pool of fluid drawn on by several outlets — is the chapter's standing model.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.8.2
Source원문

月候不調之由, 或前或後, 或多或少. 凡行後作痛者, 虛也. 小而淡者, 血虛也. 多者, 氣虛也. 其將行作痛, 及凝塊不散者, 滯也. 紫黑色者, 滯而挾熱也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
The causes of menses out of order: they may come early or late, be excessive or scant. Pain after the flow is vacuity. Scant and pale is blood vacuity. Excessive is qi vacuity. Pain before the flow, and clots that congeal and do not scatter, is stagnation. Purple-black in colour is stagnation carrying heat.

Dansim 丹心

13.8.3
Source원문

月候不調之中, 有兼疼痛者, 有兼發熱者. 其不調之中, 有趲前者, 有退後者, 則趲前爲熱, 退後爲虛也. 疼痛之中, 有常時作痛者, 有經前經後作痛者, 則常時與經前作痛者, 爲血積, 經後爲血虛也. 發熱之中, 有常時發熱者, 有經行發熱者, 則常時爲血虛有積, 經行爲血虛有熱. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Among menses out of order, some have aching pain besides and some have fever besides. Among those out of order, some run ahead and some fall behind: running ahead is heat, falling behind is vacuity. Among those with pain, some ache at all times and some before or after the flow: aching at all times and aching before the flow are blood accumulation; aching after the flow is blood vacuity. Among those with fever, some are feverish at all times and some are feverish while the menses run: feverish at all times is blood vacuity with accumulation, feverish while the menses run is blood vacuity with heat.
Clinical note임상 주석
A decision tree in one passage, and it works by asking two questions and then subdividing each. Timing: early is heat, late is vacuity. Pain: constant or before the flow means accumulation, after the flow means vacuity. Fever: constant means vacuity with accumulation, only during the flow means vacuity with heat. The organizing insight is that **when** a symptom occurs relative to the flow tells more than the symptom itself. Pain before and pain after are opposite diagnoses with opposite treatments, and the same holds for fever. That distinction is still made in practice and still useful.

Dansim 丹心

13.9 The Method of Regulating the Blood 調血治法

13.9.1
Source원문

治經水或前或後, 或多或少, 或逾月不至, 或一月再至, 皆不調之故, 宜調經散. 一云, 經候不調, 當以四物湯, 爲主治. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Treats menstrual water coming early or late, excessive or scant, failing to arrive for more than a month, or arriving twice in one month — all from being out of order. Regulate the Menses Powder is appropriate. Another account: where the menses are out of order, Four Substances Decoction should be the governing treatment.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four kinds of irregularity in one line — early, late, heavy, light, absent, or twice in a month — and one base formula for all of them. The section that follows then splits them by sign, but the starting point is Samul-tang.

Dansim 丹心

13.9.2
Source원문

臨經行腹痛, 此血澁故也. 宜淸熱調血湯. 又四物湯, 加玄胡索ㆍ苦練根ㆍ蓬朮ㆍ香附子ㆍ桃仁ㆍ紅花ㆍ黃連.

Translation영역
Abdominal pain as the menses are about to come is because the blood is rough. Clear Heat and Regulate the Blood Decoction is appropriate. Also Four Substances Decoction with corydalis, chinaberry root, curcuma, cyperus, peach kernel, safflower and coptis added.

Dansim 丹心

13.9.3
Source원문

經行後腹痛, 乃虛中有熱, 八物湯加減服方見虛勞.

Translation영역
Abdominal pain after the menses have run is vacuity with heat in it; Eight Substances Decoction is taken with additions and subtractions formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
The pairing set out at 13.8.3 turned into two prescriptions. Pain before the flow is stagnation and gets blood-breakers; pain after is vacuity and gets Palmul-tang. The same complaint, opposite treatments, decided by timing alone.

Dansim 丹心

13.9.4
Source원문

先期而來, 乃氣血俱熱, 宜淸經四物湯. 又四物湯, 加柴胡ㆍ黃芩ㆍ黃連.

Translation영역
Coming before the term is heat in both qi and blood. Clear the Menses Four Substances Decoction is appropriate. Also Four Substances Decoction with bupleurum, scutellaria and coptis added.

Dansim 丹心

13.9.5
Source원문

過期不來, 是血虛, 宜通經四物湯. 又四物湯, 加黃芪ㆍ陳皮ㆍ升麻ㆍ人參.

Translation영역
Passing the term without coming is blood vacuity. Free the Menses Four Substances Decoction is appropriate. Also Four Substances Decoction with astragalus, tangerine peel, cimicifuga and ginseng added.
Clinical note임상 주석
早則熱, 遲則虛 — early is heat, late is vacuity — stated at 13.8.3 and applied here. The additions follow: bupleurum and the two yellows for the early cycle, ginseng and astragalus with cimicifuga to lift for the late one.

Dansim 丹心

13.9.6
Source원문

月候不調, 通用煮附丸ㆍ墨附丸ㆍ四製香附丸ㆍ七製香附丸. 《入門》

Translation영역
For menses out of order in general, Boiled Cyperus Pill, Ink and Cyperus Pill, Four Processings Cyperus Pill and Seven Processings Cyperus Pill are used.

Immun 入門

13.10 Blocked Menses 血閉

13.10.1
Source원문

月事不來者, 胞脉閉也. 胞脉者, 屬心而絡於胞中, 今氣上迫肺, 心氣不得下通, 故月事不來也. 《內經》

Translation영역
Where the monthly affair does not come, the uterine vessel is blocked. The uterine vessel belongs to the heart and networks within the uterus; now the qi presses upward on the lung and the heart qi cannot communicate downward, and so the monthly affair does not come.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Neijing passage that governs this whole section. The uterine vessel belongs to the heart, so amenorrhoea is read as a failure of communication from above rather than as a fault in the womb. That is why the formulas at 13.11 begin by draining heart fire, and why coptis appears in a decoction for blocked menses.

Naegyeong 內經

13.10.2
Source원문

小腸移熱於大腸, 爲伏瘕, 爲沈. 註曰, 血澁不利, 則月事沈滯而不行. 《內經》

Translation영역
The small intestine transferring heat to the large intestine becomes hidden conglomeration, becomes sinking. The commentary says: where the blood is rough and not free, the monthly affair sinks and stagnates and does not move.

Naegyeong 內經

13.10.3
Source원문

內經曰, 二陽之病, 發心脾, 有不得隱曲, 女子不月. 盖衝任爲經絡之海, 與手太陽小腸ㆍ手少陰心爲表裏, 衝任氣盛, 則血依時下, 若憂思傷心, 則不能生血. 脾者, 心之子, 脾失所養, 則食少, 絶生化之源, 經閉不調矣. 須知心爲氣血之主, 脾胃爲氣血之本也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The Neijing says: disease of the two yang arises in the heart and spleen; there is an inability in the hidden and private matters, and in a woman no monthly flow. The thoroughfare and controlling vessels are the sea of the channels and network vessels, standing as exterior and interior with the hand greater yang small intestine and the hand lesser yin heart. When the thoroughfare and controlling qi is exuberant the blood descends in its season; but if worry and thought damage the heart, blood cannot be engendered. The spleen is the child of the heart; the spleen losing what nourishes it, food is taken in small quantity and the source of engendering and transformation is cut off, so the menses are blocked and out of order. It must be known that the heart is the ruler of qi and blood, and the spleen and stomach are their root.

Immun 入門

13.10.4
Source원문

經閉不行有三. 一者, 胃弱形瘦, 氣血衰, 津液不生, 而致經水斷絶, 名曰血枯經絶, 此中焦胃熱結也.

Translation영역
There are three kinds of blocked menses that do not move. The first: the stomach weak and the form thin, qi and blood declining, fluids not engendered, so that the menstrual water is cut off — this is called blood desiccation with the menses cut off, and it is heat bound in the middle burner stomach.

Dongwon 東垣

13.10.5
Source원문

二者, 心包脉洪數, 時見躁作, 大小便不利, 而經水閉絶, 乃血海乾枯, 此下焦胞脉熱結也.

Translation영역
The second: the pericardium pulse surging and rapid, agitation appearing from time to time, stool and urine not free, and the menstrual water blocked and cut off — this is the sea of blood dried up, and it is heat bound in the lower burner uterine vessel.

Dongwon 東垣

13.10.6
Source원문

三者, 或因勞心, 心火上行, 月事不來者, 胞脉閉也. 此上焦心肝肺熱結也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
The third: from taxation of the heart, the heart fire travels upward and the monthly affair does not come — the uterine vessel is blocked. This is heat bound in the upper burner heart, liver and lung.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three burners, three kinds of blocked menses, and each with its own signs. Middle burner: weak stomach, thin body, no fluid to make blood. Lower burner: surging pulse, agitation, bowels blocked, the sea of blood dried up. Upper burner: overwork and worry, the heart fire rising. The third is the most treatable and the chapter gives it the most attention — 13.11.8 names Baekjain-hwan for it, a formula that quiets the spirit rather than moving blood.

Dongwon 東垣

13.10.7
Source원문

世有室女童男, 積想在心, 思慮過度, 多致勞損, 男子則神色先散, 女子則月水先閉. 盖憂愁思慮則傷心, 而血逆竭. 故神色先散, 月水先閉. 且心病不能養脾, 故不嗜食, 脾虛則金虧, 故發嗽矣. 《良方》

Translation영역
There are in the world maidens and young men in whom longing accumulates in the heart and thought is excessive, and it often brings on taxation damage. In a man the spirit and complexion scatter first; in a woman the monthly water is blocked first. For worry and brooding damage the heart, and the blood counterflows and is exhausted — hence the spirit and complexion scatter first, and the monthly water is blocked first. Further, the heart being diseased cannot nourish the spleen, and so there is no appetite; the spleen being vacuous the metal is depleted, and so cough breaks out.
Clinical note임상 주석
A chain traced from longing to cough, and it is the tradition's account of what would now be called a psychosomatic consumption. The same aetiology appears in the Vacuity Taxation chapter, and the observation that amenorrhoea is its first sign in a woman is accurate for functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea. That the passage names the condition in young men and women alike, with different first signs, is worth noting.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.11 The Method of Freeing the Blood 通血治法

13.11.1
Source원문

胞脉閉, 月事不來, 先服降心火之劑. 宜三和湯ㆍ玉燭散, 次服五補元方見虛勞, 後以衛生湯, 補脾養血.

Translation영역
Where the uterine vessel is blocked and the monthly affair does not come, first take a medicine that downbears heart fire. Three Harmonies Decoction and Jade Candle Powder are appropriate; next take Five Supplements Pill formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter; and afterwards, with Defend Life Decoction, supplement the spleen and nourish the blood.
Clinical note임상 주석
A three-stage protocol, and the order is the point: drain the heart fire first, supplement second, nourish the spleen and blood last. Treating the blockage before the depletion, and the depletion before the rebuilding.

Gyeolgo 潔古

13.11.2
Source원문

二陽之病, 月事不來, 先瀉心火, 血自下, 亦用上藥. 《潔古》

Translation영역
In disease of the two yang with the monthly affair not coming, first drain the heart fire and the blood descends of itself; the medicines above are likewise used.

Gyeolgo 潔古

13.11.3
Source원문

氣上迫肺, 月事不來, 宜導痰降火, 則心氣下通, 而月事來, 宜通經湯. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where the qi presses upward on the lung and the monthly affair does not come, phlegm should be abducted and fire downborne; then the heart qi communicates downward and the menses come. Free the Menses Decoction is appropriate.

Dansim 丹心

13.11.4
Source원문

先賢治血閉之法, 皆主於補血瀉火. 補血者, 四物湯, 瀉火者, 調胃承氣湯, 卽玉燭散也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
The former worthies' method of treating blocked menses all turns on supplementing blood and draining fire. For supplementing blood, Four Substances Decoction; for draining fire, Regulate the Stomach and Order the Qi Decoction — which together are Jade Candle Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
The whole method in one line, and it names the formula that embodies it. Okchok-san at 13.11.2 is Samul-tang and Jowi Seunggi-tang joined, which is exactly what this passage prescribes: nourish and drain in the same packet.

Gangmok 綱目

13.11.5
Source원문

胃弱, 血枯經斷, 宜補中益氣湯方見內傷, 加川芎ㆍ生地黃ㆍ天花粉.

Translation영역
Where the stomach is weak and the blood desiccated so that the menses are cut off, Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter with chuanxiong, fresh rehmannia and trichosanthes root added.

Immun 入門

13.11.6
Source원문

正半産後, 失血多, 經閉, 宜十全大補湯方見虛勞. 《入門》

Translation영역
After a full or half delivery, where much blood has been lost and the menses are blocked, Perfect Major Supplementation Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Amenorrhoea after severe postpartum blood loss is Sheehan syndrome, and the chapter's answer — the strongest qi-and-blood supplement in the formulary — is the only thing available to it. That it distinguishes this from other blocked menses and refuses to break the blood is correct reasoning.

Immun 入門

13.11.7
Source원문

濕痰粘住, 經閉者, 導痰湯方見痰飮, 加川芎ㆍ當歸ㆍ黃連, 不可服地黃. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where damp phlegm sticks fast and the menses are blocked, Abduct Phlegm Decoction formula in the Phlegm-Rheum chapter with chuanxiong, angelica and coptis added; rehmannia must not be taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
不可服地黃 — rehmannia must not be taken — is the instruction that matters. Rehmannia is the first medicinal anyone would reach for in amenorrhoea, and it is cloying; where phlegm is the obstruction it makes things worse.

Immun 入門

13.11.8
Source원문

室女勞心, 血閉, 宜柏子仁丸ㆍ澤蘭湯. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where a maiden has taxed her heart and the blood is blocked, Arborvitae Seed Pill and Lycopus Decoction are appropriate.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.11.9
Source원문

氣血盛實, 經血遏閉者, 宜萬痛丸ㆍ血極膏. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where qi and blood are exuberant and replete and the menstrual blood is dammed and blocked, Ten Thousand Pains Pill and Blood Extreme Paste are appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.11.10
Source원문

血海疼痛, 宜烏藥湯. 《東垣》

Translation영역
For aching pain of the sea of blood, Lindera Decoction is appropriate.

Dongwon 東垣

13.11.11
Source원문

血閉, 通用增味四物湯ㆍ導經丸ㆍ瑞金散ㆍ六合湯.

Translation영역
For blocked menses in general, Augmented Four Substances Decoction, Conduct the Channels Pill, Auspicious Gold Powder and Six Combinations Decoction.

Donguibogam · Po

13.11.12
Source원문

脾胃鬱火, 耗血不通, 宜歸脾湯方見神門, 肝脾鬱怒, 血傷不通, 宜加味歸脾湯. 《良方》

Translation영역
Where depressed fire in the spleen and stomach consumes the blood so that it does not pass, Restore the Spleen Decoction formula in the Spirit chapter is appropriate; where depressed anger in the liver and spleen damages the blood so that it does not pass, Augmented Restore the Spleen Decoction is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Twelve passages, and the range of causes they cover is the section's real content: heart fire, phlegm, stomach weakness, postpartum loss, taxation of the heart, repletion, depressed fire, depressed anger. Only two of the twelve treat the blood directly. The rest treat something else and expect the menses to follow, which is the chapter's consistent position.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.12 Menses Not Coming in a Maiden 室女月經不行

13.12.1
Source원문

女子十四歲, 衝任脉盛, 而血自下, 若過期不通, 則宜紅花當歸散ㆍ血極膏方見上ㆍ三神丸ㆍ牡丹皮湯ㆍ通經丸, 或四物湯方見血門, 加蓬朮ㆍ桃仁ㆍ牡丹皮ㆍ玄胡索ㆍ紅花酒焙.

Translation영역
In a girl of fourteen the thoroughfare and controlling vessels are exuberant and the blood descends of itself. Where the term is passed and it does not come through, Safflower and Angelica Powder, Blood Extreme Paste formula above, Three Spirits Pill, Moutan Bark Decoction and Free the Menses Pill are appropriate; or Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with curcuma, peach kernel, moutan bark, corydalis and safflower wine-roasted added.
Clinical note임상 주석
Primary amenorrhoea treated entirely with blood-breakers — curcuma, peach kernel, corydalis, safflower — on the assumption that the blood is present but dammed. Where the cause is depletion rather than obstruction the chapter sends the reader to 13.14 instead. **Menarche not reached by sixteen requires medical investigation.**

Donguibogam · Po

13.13 Blood Binding into a Conglomeration 血結成瘕

13.13.1
Source원문

衝脉任脉, 皆起於胞中, 爲血之海, 血澁不行, 則成瘕作痛.

Translation영역
The thoroughfare and controlling vessels both rise from within the uterus and are the sea of blood; where the blood is rough and does not move, it forms a conglomeration and causes pain.

Nangyeong 難經

13.13.2
Source원문

任脉爲病, 男子爲七疝, 女子爲瘕聚. 《難經》

Translation영역
When the controlling vessel is diseased, in a man it becomes the seven mounting patterns and in a woman conglomeration and gathering.
Clinical note임상 주석
One vessel, two diseases divided by sex — hernia and mounting qi in men, pelvic masses in women. The controlling vessel runs up the midline through both, and the Bogam treats the two conditions as the same disorder expressed differently.

Nangyeong 難經

13.13.3
Source원문

月事不行, 血結成瘕, 宜歸朮破癥湯ㆍ增味四物湯ㆍ四物調經湯ㆍ立效散ㆍ地黃通經元ㆍ無極丸ㆍ桃仁煎.

Translation영역
Where the monthly affair does not move and the blood has bound into a conglomeration, Angelica and Curcuma Break Concretions Decoction, Augmented Four Substances Decoction, Four Substances Regulate the Menses Decoction, Established Effect Powder, Rehmannia Free the Menses Pill, Limitless Pill and Peach Kernel Decoct are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Po

13.14 Blood Desiccation 血枯

13.14.1
Source원문

黃帝曰, 有病胸脇支滿者, 妨於食, 病至則先聞腥臊臭, 出淸液, 先唾血, 四肢淸, 目眩, 時時前後血, 病名爲何, 何以得之. 岐伯曰, 病名血枯. 此得之年少時, 有所大脫血.

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor said: there is a disease in which the chest and ribside are propped and full so that eating is hindered; when the disease comes on, the patient first smells a rank and fishy odour and puts out a clear fluid, first spits blood, the four limbs are cold, the eyes swim, and from time to time there is blood from front and back. What is this disease called, and how is it got? Qi Bo said: the disease is called blood desiccation. It is got in youth, from a great loss of blood.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Suwen's own case, and the formula the chapter gives for it at 13.14.1 — cuttlefish bone with euphorbia root, bound with sparrow eggs — comes from the same passage. What is described is severe chronic anaemia following major haemorrhage in youth: cold limbs, dizziness, bleeding from other sites, and the menses stopped. The instruction attached to the formula, 壓以善饍, press it down with good food, shows what the tradition understood the cure to require.

Naegyeong 內經

13.15 Flooding and Spotting 血崩血漏

13.15.1
Source원문

內經曰, 陰虛陽搏, 謂之崩. 註曰, 陰脉不足, 陽脉盛搏, 則內崩而血流下也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: yin vacuous with yang pounding is called flooding. The commentary says: where the yin pulse is insufficient and the yang pulse pounds exuberantly, there is flooding within and the blood flows down.

Naegyeong 內經

13.15.2
Source원문

悲哀太甚, 則胞絡絶, 胞絡絶則陽氣內動, 發則心下崩, 數溲血也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where grief and sorrow are excessive, the uterine network is severed; the uterine network being severed, the yang qi stirs within, and when it breaks out there is flooding below the heart and frequent passing of blood.

Dansim 丹心

13.15.3
Source원문

盖悲哀則心系急, 肺布葉擧而上焦不通, 榮衛不散, 熱氣在中. 故胞絡絶而陽氣內鼓動, 發則心下崩, 數溲血也. 心下崩, 謂心包內崩而下血也. 《入門》

Translation영역
For grief makes the heart's connections tense, the lung's lobes spread and lift so that the upper burner does not communicate, construction and defence do not disperse, and heat qi lies in the middle. Therefore the uterine network is severed and the yang qi drums within; when it breaks out there is flooding below the heart and frequent passing of blood. Flooding below the heart means flooding within the pericardium so that blood descends.
Clinical note임상 주석
Grief traced to uterine bleeding through a physical mechanism: the heart's connections tighten, the lung lifts, the upper burner closes, heat gathers, and the uterine network gives way. Whatever one makes of the anatomy, the observation behind it — that severe grief can be followed by abnormal uterine bleeding — is one the chapter returns to three times, and 13.16.8 adds an age to it.

Immun 入門

13.15.4
Source원문

非時血下, 淋瀝不止, 謂之漏下, 忽然暴下, 若山崩然, 謂之崩中. 《入門》

Translation영역
Blood descending out of season, dripping and not stopping, is called spotting below; a sudden violent flow, as though a mountain were collapsing, is called flooding within.
Clinical note임상 주석
The definition that separates the two terms the section is named for. 漏, spotting, is continuous and light; 崩, flooding, is sudden and heavy, and the image is a landslide. **Sudden heavy vaginal bleeding is a medical emergency.**

Immun 入門

13.15.5
Source원문

崩漏不止有三. 一者, 脾胃虛損, 下陷於腎, 與相火相合, 濕熱下迫, 經漏不止. 其色紫黑, 如夏月腐肉之臭, 中有白帶, 脉沈細疾數, 或沈弦洪大, 其熱明矣. 或腰痛, 或臍下痛. 宜大補脾胃而升擧血氣.

Translation영역
There are three kinds of flooding and spotting that will not stop. The first: spleen and stomach vacuous and damaged, sinking down into the kidney and joining with the ministerial fire, damp heat pressing downward, so that the menstrual spotting does not stop. Its colour is purple-black with an odour like rotting meat in summer, and there is white discharge within it; the pulse is sunken, fine, hurried and rapid, or sunken, wiry, surging and large — the heat is plain. There may be pain in the lumbus or below the navel. Greatly supplementing the spleen and stomach and raising the blood and qi is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
The description is clinically specific: dark bleeding with an offensive odour, discharge mixed in, and pelvic or low back pain. That is infection, and the odour named — rotting meat in summer — leaves little doubt. **Foul-smelling vaginal bleeding with pelvic pain requires urgent medical assessment; endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease must be excluded.**

Dongwon 東垣

13.15.6
Source원문

二者, 或故貴奪勢, 或先富後貧, 心氣不足, 其火大熾旺於血脉之中, 又飮食失節, 其容顔似不病者. 此心病者, 不行於診, 其經水不時而下, 或適來適斷, 或暴下不止. 當先說惡死之言, 令心不動, 以大補氣血之藥, 擧養脾胃, 微加鎭墜心火之藥, 補陰瀉陽, 經自止矣.

Translation영역
The second: one formerly noble whose power has been taken away, or once rich and now poor, the heart qi insufficient, its fire blazing greatly within the blood vessels, with food and drink also losing their measure — yet her face and complexion appear as though she were not ill. This is a disease of the heart, and it does not show on examination. Her menstrual water descends out of season, now coming and now stopping, or pouring down and not stopping. One should first speak words about the ugliness of death, so that her heart is not stirred; then with medicines that greatly supplement qi and blood, raise and nourish the spleen and stomach, adding a little of the medicines that settle and weigh down heart fire, supplement the yin and drain the yang — and the menses stop of themselves.
Clinical note임상 주석
The most unusual passage in the chapter. A woman who has lost status or wealth, bleeding irregularly, and 其容顔似不病者 — her face looks as though she were not ill. The complaint does not show, and 不行於診, it does not appear on examination. 先說惡死之言, 令心不動 is an instruction to talk with the patient before prescribing, so that her heart is settled. What it recommends is confronting the fear directly rather than reassuring around it. Whether or not one would frame it that way now, the recognition that the consultation itself is part of the treatment is unusual in these chapters.

Dongwon 東垣

13.15.7
Source원문

三者, 悲哀太甚則胞絡絶, 云云見上. 《東垣》

Translation영역
The third: where grief and sorrow are excessive the uterine network is severed, and so on see above.

Dongwon 東垣

13.16 The Method of Treating Flooding and Spotting 崩漏治法

13.16.1
Source원문

血崩, 乃經血錯亂, 淖溢妄行, 遽止則便有積瘀, 凝成窠臼, 不止則又恐昏暈. 必先服五靈脂末名獨行散一錢, 溫酒調下, 其性能行血止血. 然後用五積散方見寒門, 加防風ㆍ荊芥, 入醋煎服, 一二貼後, 再服五靈脂散, 去故生新. 如更不止, 乃用五灰ㆍ十灰丸散方見血門.

Translation영역
Blood flooding is the menstrual blood in disorder, overflowing and moving recklessly. Stop it abruptly and there will at once be accumulated stasis congealing into a fixed lodging; do not stop it and there is again the fear of fainting. One must first take 1 don of powdered flying squirrel faeces called Single Action Powder stirred into warm wine, for its nature can both move blood and stop blood. Afterwards use Five Accumulations Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter with saposhnikovia and schizonepeta added, decocted with vinegar; after one or two packets take the flying squirrel powder again, to remove the old and engender the new. If it still does not stop, then use Five Ashes and Ten Ashes Pill or Powder formulas in the Blood chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
The dilemma is stated before the treatment: stop the bleeding too fast and stasis congeals; leave it and the patient faints. Flying squirrel faeces is chosen precisely because it does both — 能行血止血, it can move blood and stop blood. That a single medicinal is credited with two opposite actions is unusual, and it is why this one leads the section.

Dansim 丹心

13.16.2
Source원문

悲哀太甚而崩漏, 宜備金散ㆍ四製香附丸方見上.

Translation영역
Where grief and sorrow are excessive and there is flooding and spotting, Prepared Gold Powder and Four Processings Cyperus Pill formula above are appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.16.3
Source원문

經行犯房, 損傷衝任, 經血暴下, 宜溫經湯方見上.

Translation영역
Where intercourse is had while the menses are running, damaging the thoroughfare and controlling vessels so that the menstrual blood pours down, Warm the Channels Decoction formula above is appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.16.4
Source원문

濕熱下迫而爲崩漏, 其色紫黑, 腐臭, 宜解毒四物湯ㆍ凉血地黃湯ㆍ固經丸.

Translation영역
Where damp heat presses downward and becomes flooding and spotting, the colour purple-black and putrid in smell, Resolve Toxin Four Substances Decoction, Cool the Blood Rehmannia Decoction and Secure the Channels Pill are appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.16.5
Source원문

憂鬱, 及先富後貧, 而爲崩漏, 宜開鬱四物湯.

Translation영역
Where worry and depression, or having been rich and then become poor, bring on flooding and spotting, Open Depression Four Substances Decoction is appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.16.6
Source원문

胃氣下陷, 經水暴下, 宜升陽調經湯ㆍ益胃升陽湯方見內傷ㆍ升陽除濕湯ㆍ柴胡調經湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the stomach qi sinks and the menstrual water pours down, Raise the Yang and Regulate the Menses Decoction, Boost the Stomach and Raise the Yang Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter, Raise the Yang and Eliminate Dampness Decoction and Bupleurum Regulate the Menses Decoction are appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.16.7
Source원문

血崩, 急則治其標, 白芷湯, 調百草霜末服. 甚者棕櫚灰, 或狗頭骨灰, 或五靈脂半生半炒末, 俱以酒調服, 後用四物湯, 加芩ㆍ連ㆍ參ㆍ芪ㆍ香附ㆍ乾薑, 調理. 《丹心》

Translation영역
In blood flooding, where it is urgent treat the tip: powdered stove soot stirred into Angelica Dahurica Decoction and taken. In severe cases palm ash, or dog's skull ash, or flying squirrel faeces half raw and half fried and powdered, all taken stirred into wine; afterwards use Four Substances Decoction with scutellaria, coptis, ginseng, astragalus, cyperus and dry ginger added, to put things in order.
Clinical note임상 주석
急則治其標 — where it is urgent, treat the tip — is the classical rule for emergencies, and the chapter applies it here. Stop the bleeding first with ashes and soot, and only afterwards address why it happened. Every medicinal named in the urgent half is burnt or charred. That is the tradition's whole haemostatic pharmacy, and it is what the simples section at 13.23 is largely made of.

Dansim 丹心

13.16.8
Source원문

婦人四十以上, 悲哀太甚, 血走而崩, 愼不可燥熱之藥, 先用黃連解毒湯方見寒門, 後以三和湯方見上調治. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
In a woman over forty, where grief and sorrow are excessive and the blood runs and floods, drying and hot medicines must on no account be used. First use Coptis Resolve Toxin Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter, and afterwards put things in order with Three Harmonies Decoction formula above.
Clinical note임상 주석
An age is given, and the prohibition is absolute: over forty, with heavy bleeding after grief, no warming medicines at all. The chapter's reasoning is that at that age the yin is already depleted and heat is the likelier cause. The clinical instinct is sound. Heavy bleeding in a woman over forty is the presentation that most requires investigation rather than warming. **New or heavy bleeding in a woman over forty requires medical assessment; endometrial pathology must be excluded.**

Uigam 醫鑑

13.16.9
Source원문

室女思男, 以致血崩成勞, 十分難治. 宜四物湯, 加柴胡ㆍ黃芩, 或加味逍遙散方見婦人. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a maiden longs for a man and it brings on blood flooding that turns into taxation, it is exceedingly hard to treat. Four Substances Decoction with bupleurum and scutellaria added, or Augmented Free Wanderer Powder formula in the Women's chapter, is appropriate.

Immun 入門

13.16.10
Source원문

凡崩漏有寒, 伏龍肝散ㆍ丁香膠艾湯. 有熱, 涼血地黃湯ㆍ解毒四物湯. 通用當歸芍藥湯ㆍ奇效四物湯ㆍ煮附丸方見上.

Translation영역
In flooding and spotting generally, where there is cold, Stove Earth Powder and Clove, Ass-Hide Glue and Mugwort Decoction; where there is heat, Cool the Blood Rehmannia Decoction and Resolve Toxin Four Substances Decoction. For general use, Angelica and Peony Decoction, Marvellous Effect Four Substances Decoction and Boiled Cyperus Pill formula above.

Donguibogam · Po

13.16.11
Source원문

四物湯, 加荊芥ㆍ條芩, 止血神效. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Four Substances Decoction with schizonepeta and slender scutellaria added stanches blood with marvellous effect.

Jeongjeon 正傳

13.16.12
Source원문

黑藥能止血, 宜五灰散ㆍ十灰丸幷見血門ㆍ如聖散ㆍ立效散.

Translation영역
Black medicines can stanch blood; Five Ashes Powder and Ten Ashes Pill both in the Blood chapter, Sagely Powder and Established Effect Powder are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
黑藥能止血 — black medicines can stanch blood — states the principle behind the charred pharmacy in one line. Carbonizing a medicinal was held to turn it haemostatic whatever it had been before, and the Blood chapter's Five Ashes and Ten Ashes formulas are built entirely on it.

Donguibogam · Po

13.16.13
Source원문

崩漏過多昏暈, 宜生地芩連湯方見血門ㆍ全生活血湯.

Translation영역
Where flooding and spotting are excessive and there is clouding and fainting, Fresh Rehmannia, Scutellaria and Coptis Decoction formula in the Blood chapter and Whole Life Quicken the Blood Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Fainting from heavy bleeding is haemorrhagic shock and a medical emergency requiring urgent care.**

Donguibogam · Po

13.17 Red and White Discharge 赤白帶下

13.17.1
Source원문

脾傳之腎, 病名曰疝瘕, 小腹寃熱而痛, 出白, 一名曰蠱. 註曰, 出白者, 溲出白液也. 盖白帶, 白濁之類也. 《內經》

Translation영역
The spleen transmitting to the kidney, the disease is called mounting conglomeration: the lower abdomen has pent heat and pain, and white matter issues. It is also called gu. The commentary says: white matter issuing means a white fluid passing out. This is white discharge, of the same kind as white turbidity.

Naegyeong 內經

13.17.2
Source원문

任脉爲病, 女子帶下瘕聚. 註曰, 任脉自胞, 上過帶脉, 貫於臍上, 故爲帶下. 帶脉起于季肋章門穴名, 似束帶狀. 今濕熱寃結不散, 故爲病也. 寃者, 結也屈也. 屈滯而病熱不散也.

Translation영역
When the controlling vessel is diseased, in a woman there is discharge below the girdle and conglomeration and gathering. The commentary says: the controlling vessel passes from the uterus upward across the girdling vessel and threads through above the navel, and so there is discharge below the girdle. The girdling vessel rises at the free ribs at Jangmun a point name, like a belt bound round. Now damp heat is pent up and bound and does not disperse, and so there is disease. Pent means bound and bent — bent and stagnant, so that the heat of the disease does not disperse.
Clinical note임상 주석
帶下, discharge below the girdle, is named for the girdling vessel — the one channel that runs horizontally, circling the waist like a belt. Anything descending past it is 帶下, and that is where the term comes from.

Naegyeong 內經

13.17.3
Source원문

赤者, 熱入小腸, 白者, 熱入大腸. 原其本, 皆濕熱結于脉, 故津液涌溢, 是爲赤白帶下, 臍下痛, 陰中綿綿而下也. 《保命》

Translation영역
Red is heat entering the small intestine; white is heat entering the large intestine. Tracing it to its root, both are damp heat bound in the vessels, so that the fluids well up and overflow — this is red and white discharge, with pain below the navel and a continuous descent from within the yin.

Bomyeongjip (保命集)

13.17.4
Source원문

小腹寃熱, 結於任脉, 自胞上而過帶脉, 出於大小腸之分, 溲出白液, 淋瀝以下, 故曰帶下, 與赤白濁一般, 但不痛耳. 《入門》

Translation영역
Pent heat in the lower abdomen binds in the controlling vessel, passes upward from the uterus across the girdling vessel, and issues at the division of the large and small intestines; a white fluid passes out, dripping down, and so it is called discharge below the girdle. It is the same as red and white turbidity, only without pain.

Immun 入門

13.17.5
Source원문

婦人帶下, 是第一等病, 令人不産育, 宜急治之. 扁鵲過邯鄲, 聞貴婦人, 所以專爲帶下醫也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Discharge in women is a disease of the first rank; it renders a person unable to bear children, and should be treated with urgency. When Bian Que passed through Handan and heard of the noble ladies, he therefore practised solely as a physician of discharge below the girdle.
Clinical note임상 주석
第一等病 — a disease of the first rank — and the reason given is infertility. The Bian Que anecdote is from the Shiji, and it is cited to establish that a physician might reasonably devote a whole practice to this one complaint. The link to infertility is not fanciful: chronic pelvic infection is a leading cause of tubal damage, and the chapter has already described the offensive discharge of infection at 13.15.5.

Gangmok 綱目

13.17.6
Source원문

婦人帶下, 脉浮, 惡寒, 漏下者, 不治. 《脉經》

Translation영역
In a woman with discharge, where the pulse is floating, there is aversion to cold, and there is spotting below, it cannot be treated.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.18 The Method of Treating Discharge 帶下治法

13.18.1
Source원문

帶與漏, 俱是胃中痰積, 流下滲入膀胱, 出於大小腸, 宜升提之. 甚者上必用吐, 下用二陳湯方見痰飮, 加蒼白朮ㆍ升麻ㆍ柴胡, 或蒼柏樗皮丸. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Discharge and spotting are both phlegm accumulation in the stomach, flowing down and seeping into the bladder and issuing at the large and small intestines; raising and lifting is appropriate. In severe cases vomiting must be used above, and below Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm-Rheum chapter with atractylodes lancea and white atractylodes, cimicifuga and bupleurum added, or Atractylodes and Phellodendron Ailanthus Bark Pill.
Clinical note임상 주석
Danxi's reading is that discharge descends from the stomach rather than arising in the womb, and the treatment follows: lift it back up. Cimicifuga and bupleurum in a formula for discharge make sense only on that premise.

Dansim 丹心

13.18.2
Source원문

婦人月事不調, 暮則發熱, 小腹裏急, 手掌煩熱, 脣口乾燥, 何也. 師曰, 此病屬帶下, 何以故, 曾經半産, 瘀血在小腹不去, 何以知之. 其證脣乾燥, 故知之. 溫經湯方見上主之. 《仲景》

Translation영역
A woman's menses are out of order, she becomes feverish toward evening, the lower abdomen is tense within, the palms are vexingly hot, the lips and mouth dry — why is this? The master said: this disease belongs to discharge below the girdle. Why so? She has formerly had a half delivery, and static blood remains in the lower abdomen and has not gone. How is this known? By the sign of the dry lips — by this it is known.
Clinical note임상 주석
A diagnosis reached from one sign. The master is asked how he knows and answers: by the dry lips. Everything else in the picture — evening fever, hot palms, tense lower abdomen — could be vacuity heat; the dry lips point to retained static blood after miscarriage. This is the Jingui's own case for Ongyeong-tang, and it is one of the clearest examples in the tradition of a single discriminating sign carrying a diagnosis.

Junggyeong 仲景

13.18.3
Source원문

帶下是濕熱爲病, 赤屬血, 白屬氣, 主治燥濕爲先. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Discharge is a disease of damp heat: red belongs to blood, white belongs to qi, and in treating it drying the damp comes first.

Dansim 丹心

13.18.4
Source원문

赤白帶, 宜伏龍肝散方見上ㆍ苦練丸ㆍ白芍藥散.

Translation영역
For red and white discharge, Stove Earth Powder formula above, Chinaberry Fruit Pill and White Peony Powder are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Po

13.18.5
Source원문

肥人白帶, 是濕痰, 宜蒼柏樗皮丸, 瘦人是熱, 宜芩柏樗皮丸, 通用補經固眞湯ㆍ白斂元ㆍ補宮丸ㆍ四神丸ㆍ淸白散.

Translation영역
White discharge in a stout person is damp phlegm, and Atractylodes and Phellodendron Ailanthus Bark Pill is appropriate; in a thin person it is heat, and Scutellaria and Phellodendron Ailanthus Bark Pill is appropriate. For general use, Supplement the Channels and Secure the True Decoction, Ampelopsis Pill, Supplement the Palace Pill, Four Spirits Pill and Clear the White Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
Constitution decides between two formulas that differ by one medicinal. Stout means damp phlegm and gets atractylodes lancea; thin means heat and gets scutellaria. The same stout-and-thin rule appears in the Dampness chapter at 3.11.7.

Donguibogam · Po

13.18.6
Source원문

久帶下, 陽氣虛極, 下流白滑如涕, 腥臭, 多悲不樂, 宜酒煮當歸丸ㆍ固眞丸ㆍ桂附湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
In long-standing discharge, where the yang qi is vacuous in the extreme, the flow below white and slippery like mucus with a rank smell, and the patient is much given to grief and joyless, Wine-Boiled Angelica Pill, Secure the True Pill and Cinnamon and Aconite Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
多悲不樂 — much given to grief and joyless — is listed among the signs of a physical condition, not as a separate complaint. The chapter treats low mood in chronic discharge as part of the same depletion, and the formulas are all warming.

Immun 入門

13.18.7
Source원문

孕婦白帶, 宜芩朮樗皮丸.

Translation영역
For white discharge in a pregnant woman, Scutellaria, Atractylodes and Ailanthus Bark Pill is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Po

13.18.8
Source원문

室女帶下, 宜琥珀朱砂丸.

Translation영역
For discharge in a maiden, Amber and Cinnabar Pill is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Po

13.18.9
Source원문

帶下, 必須斷厚味. 《入門》

Translation영역
In discharge, rich flavours must without fail be cut off.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section closes on diet, as several of these chapters do. Where the condition is read as damp heat, rich food is understood to feed it, and the instruction is given without qualification.

Immun 入門

13.19 Discharge of the Five Colours 五色帶下

13.19.1
Source원문

五崩何等類. 師曰, 白崩者, 形如涕, 赤崩者, 形如絳, 黃崩者, 形如爛瓜, 靑崩者, 形如藍色, 黑崩者, 形如衃血也. 《脉經》

Translation영역
Of what kinds are the five floodings? The master said: white flooding is in form like mucus; red flooding like crimson dye; yellow flooding like a rotted melon; green flooding like the colour of indigo; black flooding like clotted blood.

Maekgyeong 脉經

13.19.2
Source원문

五色帶下, 由傷肝則靑如泥色, 傷心則赤如紅津, 傷肺則白如鼻涕, 傷脾則黃如爛瓜, 傷腎則黑如衃血. 《入門》

Translation영역
In discharge of the five colours: damage to the liver makes it green like the colour of mud; to the heart, red like red fluid; to the lung, white like nasal mucus; to the spleen, yellow like a rotted melon; to the kidney, black like clotted blood.
Clinical note임상 주석
The same five colours assigned to five viscera, and the similes are the diagnostic content. A rotted melon and indigo are specific enough to be recognized, which is the point of using them. Clinically the useful ones are the yellow and the green: discoloured discharge of that kind is infection, and the chapter has already described its odour at 13.15.5.

Immun 入門

13.19.3
Source원문

所下五色, 各應五藏, 五藏俱虛, 五色倂下, 是皆血之爲病也. 《得效》

Translation영역
The five colours that descend each answer to one of the five viscera; where all five viscera are vacuous, the five colours descend together. All of this is blood become disease.

Deukhyo 得效

13.19.4
Source원문

五色帶下, 宜胃風湯方見大便ㆍ五積散方見寒門, 去麻黃, 加荊芥穗, 伏龍肝散方見上ㆍ溫淸飮ㆍ地楡散ㆍ香附散.

Translation영역
For discharge of the five colours, Stomach Wind Decoction formula in the Stool chapter; Five Accumulations Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter with ephedra removed and schizonepeta spike added; Stove Earth Powder formula above, Warm and Clear Drink, Sanguisorba Powder and Cyperus Powder.

Donguibogam · Po

13.20 Cold Entering the Blood Chamber 寒入血室

13.20.1
Source원문

月經不通, 遶臍寒疝痛, 其脉沈緊, 此由寒氣客於血室, 血凝不行, 所以作痛. 宜桂枝桃仁湯.

Translation영역
The menses do not pass, there is cold mounting pain circling the navel, and the pulse is sunken and tight. This comes of cold qi lodging as a guest in the blood chamber, the blood congealing and not moving, and hence the pain. Cinnamon Twig and Peach Kernel Decoction is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Cold and heat entering the blood chamber are given adjacent sections and are distinguished by what accompanies the bleeding. Cold: no menses, pain circling the navel, a sunken tight pulse. Heat: the picture at 13.21, with fever and delirium at night.

Donguibogam · Po

13.21 Heat Entering the Blood Chamber 熱入血室

13.21.1
Source원문

婦人傷寒發熱, 經水適來適斷, 晝日明了, 夜則譫語, 如見鬼狀, 此爲熱入血室, 宜用柴胡破瘀湯, 或調經湯. 《仲景》

Translation영역
A woman with cold damage and fever, whose menstrual water has just come and just stopped, is clear-headed by day but delirious at night as though seeing ghosts. This is heat entering the blood chamber. Bupleurum Break Stasis Decoction or Regulate the Menses Decoction should be used.
Clinical note임상 주석
One of the best-known passages in the Shanghan tradition, and the discriminating sign is the diurnal pattern: lucid by day, delirious at night. That is what separates this from ordinary febrile delirium. The timing of the menses relative to the fever is the other half — the heat enters while the blood chamber is open, which is why the menses stopping abruptly is part of the picture. **Fever with confusion requires urgent medical assessment; sepsis must be excluded.**

Junggyeong 仲景

13.22 The Menses Returning After They Have Ceased 經斷復行

13.22.1
Source원문

婦人四十九歲已後, 天癸當住, 每月却行, 或過多不止, 宜芩心丸ㆍ子芩丸ㆍ當歸散ㆍ加味四物湯. 《綱目》

Translation영역
In a woman past forty-nine the heavenly water should have stopped; where instead it runs every month, or is excessive and will not stop, Scutellaria Heart Pill, Child Scutellaria Pill, Angelica Powder and Augmented Four Substances Decoction are appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
Bleeding after the expected menopause is given its own section, and all four formulas named are cold — the chapter reads it as heat rather than as vacuity. The caution at 13.16.8, that no warming medicine be used in a woman over forty with heavy bleeding, belongs with this. **Any vaginal bleeding after menopause requires medical investigation; endometrial cancer must be excluded.**

Gangmok 綱目

13.22.2
Source원문

治血枯, 宜烏賊骨丸ㆍ八物湯方見虛勞. 《良方》

Translation영역
To treat blood desiccation, Cuttlefish Bone Pill and Eight Substances Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter are appropriate.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23 Simple Medicinals 單方

13.23.1
Source원문

伏龍肝 卽竈心土也. 主婦人崩中帶下, 爲止血之聖藥. 盖燥可去濕也. 《湯液》

Translation영역
Stove earth (伏龍肝): That is, the earth from the heart of the stove. It governs flooding within and discharge below the girdle in women, and is the sagely medicine for staunching blood — for what is drying can remove damp.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section opens with the chapter's chief haemostatic, and the reasoning given is that drying removes damp. Stove earth is clay baked for years by cooking fires, and it heads the list of charred and calcined substances that make up most of this section.

Tangaek 湯液

13.23.2
Source원문

伏龍肝 治血露. 蚕沙ㆍ阿膠 各一兩, 伏龍肝 半兩, 同爲末, 溫酒調下二錢. 《本草》

Translation영역
Stove earth (伏龍肝), second method: Treats bloody seepage. Silkworm droppings and ass-hide glue 1 nyang each, stove earth half a nyang; powder together and take 2 don stirred into warm wine.

Boncho 本草

13.23.3
Source원문

百草霜 治血崩. 百草霜末二錢, 狗膽汁拌勻, 分作兩服, 以當歸酒調下. 《本草》

Translation영역
Hundred grasses frost (百草霜): Treats blood flooding. Powdered stove soot 2 don, mixed evenly with dog's bile, divided into two doses, taken down stirred into angelica wine.

Boncho 本草

13.23.4
Source원문

芒硝朴硝 幷治月候不通血閉, 癥瘕. 取末一錢, 醋湯下, 空心. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mirabilite and crude mirabilite (芒硝朴硝): Both treat menses that do not pass, blocked blood, and concretions and conglomerations. Take 1 don of the powder down with vinegar decoction on an empty stomach.

Boncho 本草

13.23.5
Source원문

乾地黃 治胞漏下血. 或煎服, 或丸服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Dried rehmannia (乾地黃): Treats uterine spotting with blood descending. Decocted or taken as pills, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.6
Source원문

益母草 治赤白帶下. 花開時採擣爲末, 空心, 酒調二錢, 日三服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Motherwort (益母草): Treats red and white discharge. Gather it when the flowers open, pound and powder it, and take 2 don stirred into wine on an empty stomach, three times a day.
Clinical note임상 주석
益母, benefiting the mother, and the name records what it was for. Motherwort is the tradition's standing medicinal for the whole range of menstrual and postpartum complaints, and gathering it at flowering is specified because that is when it is held strongest.

Boncho 本草

13.23.7
Source원문

蒲黃 止崩漏, 及赤白帶下. 炒取二錢, 溫水調服, 或丸服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cattail pollen (蒲黃): Stanches flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Stir-fry, take 2 don stirred into warm water, or take as pills.
Clinical note임상 주석
Stir-fried rather than raw. The distinction matters in the tradition: raw cattail pollen moves blood, fried cattail pollen stanches it, and the same substance is used for opposite purposes according to how it was处理.

Boncho 本草

13.23.8
Source원문

當歸 主崩漏, 及月水不利. 煎服, 末服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Angelica (當歸): Governs flooding and spotting, and menstrual water that is not free. Decocted or taken as a powder, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.9
Source원문

當歸 血積, 當歸四錢, 乾漆三錢, 爲末, 蜜丸, 酒下十五丸. 《良方》

Translation영역
Angelica (當歸), second method: For blood accumulation, angelica 4 don and dried lacquer 3 don, powdered, made into honey pills, fifteen taken down with wine.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.10
Source원문

黃芩 下血閉, 治淋露下血. 《本草》

Translation영역
Scutellaria (黃芩): Brings down blocked blood and treats dripping seepage of blood.

Boncho 本草

13.23.11
Source원문

黃芩 血崩, 黃芩爲末二錢, 以燒稱錘淬酒調下, 空心. 《良方》

Translation영역
Scutellaria (黃芩), second method: For blood flooding, scutellaria powdered, 2 don, taken on an empty stomach stirred into wine that has been quenched with a heated steelyard weight.
Clinical note임상 주석
Wine quenched with a red-hot steelyard weight is iron-infused wine by another route, and the Jaundice chapter uses the same technique on needle filings at 5.4.5.8. What it produces is iron acetate in solution.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.12
Source원문

芍藥 治血閉不通. 煎服, 末服, 丸服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Peony (芍藥): Treats blocked blood that does not pass. Decocted, powdered or as pills, all are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.13
Source원문

白芷 治崩漏, 及赤白帶下. 煎服, 末服皆佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Angelica dahurica (白芷): Treats flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Decocted or powdered, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.14
Source원문

白芷 赤白帶, 白芷一兩, 烏賊魚骨二箇, 燒胎髮一團煅, 右爲末, 空心, 酒下二錢. 《良方》

Translation영역
Angelica dahurica (白芷), second method: For red and white discharge, angelica dahurica 1 nyang, two cuttlefish bones, and a ball of infant's hair burnt and calcined; powder them and take 2 don down with wine on an empty stomach.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.15
Source원문

酸漿草 治赤白帶下. 陰乾爲末, 空心, 酒下二錢. 《本草》

Translation영역
Chinese lantern (酸漿草): Treats red and white discharge. Shade-dry, powder, and take 2 don down with wine on an empty stomach.

Boncho 本草

13.23.16
Source원문

地楡 主帶下十二病. 一曰多赤, 二曰多白, 三曰月水不通, 四曰陰蝕, 五曰子藏堅, 六曰子門僻, 七曰合陰陽患痛, 八曰小腹寒痛, 九曰子門閉, 十曰子宮冷, 十一曰夢與鬼交, 十二曰五藏不定. 又治崩漏不止. 煎服, 末服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Sanguisorba (地楡): Governs the twelve diseases of discharge below the girdle. The first is much red; the second, much white; the third, menstrual water not passing; the fourth, erosion of the yin; the fifth, the child-store hard; the sixth, the child-gate awry; the seventh, pain on the joining of yin and yang; the eighth, cold pain of the lower abdomen; the ninth, the child-gate closed; the tenth, the uterus cold; the eleventh, dreaming of intercourse with ghosts; the twelfth, the five viscera unsettled. It also treats flooding and spotting that will not stop. Decocted or powdered, both are good.
Clinical note임상 주석
Twelve conditions under one heading, and the list is the closest thing the chapter has to a gynaecological index. Several are recognizable: erosion of the yin, pain on intercourse, a hard or closed cervix, a cold uterus. 第七 合陰陽患痛 — pain on the joining of yin and yang — is dyspareunia, named plainly and placed among the twelve without comment.

Boncho 本草

13.23.17
Source원문

地楡 赤白帶, 骨立者, 地楡一斤, 剉, 水熬成膏, 空心服二合, 日二. 《良方》

Translation영역
Sanguisorba (地楡), second method: For red and white discharge in one wasted to the bone, sanguisorba 1 geun cut up and reduced in water to a paste; take 2 hop on an empty stomach, twice a day.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.18
Source원문

芎藭 治崩漏. 煎服, 末服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Chuanxiong (芎藭): Treats flooding and spotting. Decocted or powdered, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.19
Source원문

芎藭 治血崩, 取一兩, 剉, 酒五盞煎至一盞, 去滓, 下生地黃汁一盞, 再煎二三沸, 分三服. 《良方》

Translation영역
Chuanxiong (芎藭), second method: Treats blood flooding. Take 1 nyang, cut up, and decoct in 5 jan of wine down to 1 jan; strain off the dregs, add 1 jan of fresh rehmannia juice, boil again two or three times, and divide into three doses.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.20
Source원문

艾葉 主崩漏, 及帶下. 煎服之.

Translation영역
Mugwort leaf (艾葉): Governs flooding and spotting, and discharge. Decoct and take.

Boncho 本草

13.23.21
Source원문

艾葉 血崩, 熟艾雞子大, 阿膠珠五錢, 乾薑炮黑一錢, 同煎服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mugwort leaf (艾葉), second method: For blood flooding, prepared mugwort the size of a hen's egg, ass-hide glue beads 5 don, and dry ginger blast-fried black 1 don, decocted together and taken.
Clinical note임상 주석
Gyoae-tang reduced to three medicinals. Mugwort, ass-hide glue and charred dry ginger are the core of every uterine bleeding formula in this chapter, and here they stand alone.

Boncho 本草

13.23.22
Source원문

大薊小薊 幷主崩漏, 及赤白帶, 擣取汁服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Japanese thistle and field thistle (大薊小薊): Both govern flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Pound, take the juice and drink.

Boncho 本草

13.23.23
Source원문

大薊小薊 血崩, 取根五兩, 茅根三兩, 酒煮服. 《良方》

Translation영역
Japanese thistle and field thistle (大薊小薊), second method: For blood flooding, take 5 nyang of the root with 3 nyang of imperata root, boiled in wine and taken.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.24
Source원문

牡丹皮 主月經不通. 煎服, 末服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Moutan bark (牡丹皮): Governs menses that do not pass. Decocted or powdered, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.25
Source원문

三稜 通月經, 破血瘕. 煎服, 末服, 丸服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Sparganium (三稜): Frees the menses and breaks blood conglomerations. Decocted, powdered or as pills, all are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.26
Source원문

玄胡索 主月經不調, 崩中, 淋露. 煎服, 末服, 丸服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Corydalis (玄胡索): Governs menses out of order, flooding within, and dripping seepage. Decocted, powdered or as pills, all are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.27
Source원문

大黃 主血閉脹, 及諸老血留結成瘕. 煎服, 丸服幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Rhubarb (大黃): Governs blocked blood with distension, and all old blood that has lodged and bound into a conglomeration. Decocted or as pills, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.28
Source원문

桑木耳 主月水不調, 崩中帶下, 月閉血凝. 酒煎服, 或燒爲末, 酒服二錢.

Translation영역
Mulberry tree ear (桑木耳): Governs menstrual water out of order, flooding within and discharge below, and blocked menses with congealed blood. Decoct in wine and take, or burn and powder it and take 2 don with wine.

Boncho 本草

13.23.29
Source원문

桑木耳 槐木耳亦同. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mulberry tree ear (桑木耳), note: Sophora tree ear is likewise the same.

Boncho 本草

13.23.30
Source원문

蕎麥麪 治赤白帶下, 不拘多少, 以雞子淸和丸, 白湯, 空心下. 三五十丸卽愈. 《回春》

Translation영역
Buckwheat flour (蕎麥麪): Treats red and white discharge. Any quantity, bound with egg white into pills and taken down with plain hot water on an empty stomach; thirty to fifty pills and the patient recovers.

Hoechun 回春

13.23.31
Source원문

樗根白皮 治崩漏, 及赤白帶. 取白根切一大握, 水一升煮, 分二服. 或爲末, 蜜丸服亦佳. 《回春》

Translation영역
Ailanthus root bark (樗根白皮): Treats flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Take a large handful of the white root cut up, boil in 1 seung of water, and divide into two doses. Or powder it and take as honey pills, which is also good.

Hoechun 回春

13.23.32
Source원문

橡實殼 主崩中帶下. 燒灰和米飮服.

Translation영역
Acorn cup (橡實殼): Governs flooding within and discharge below. Burn to ash and take mixed with rice broth.

Jeongjeon 正傳

13.23.33
Source원문

橡實殼 取殼, 與蒼耳, 燒爲末, 以加白芷ㆍ乾薑(炮), 四物湯調下. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Acorn cup (橡實殼), second method: Take the cups with xanthium, burn and powder them, add angelica dahurica and dry ginger (blast-fried), and take stirred into Four Substances Decoction.

Jeongjeon 正傳

13.23.34
Source원문

棕櫚皮 治崩漏帶下. 燒灰與白礬(枯)爲末, 酒服二錢. 又與絲瓜燒灰, 等分爲末, 鹽湯調下. 《本草》

Translation영역
Palm bark (棕櫚皮): Treats flooding and spotting and discharge. Burn to ash, powder with calcined alum, and take 2 don with wine. Or burn it to ash with loofah in equal parts, powder, and take stirred into salt decoction.

Boncho 本草

13.23.35
Source원문

牡蠣 治崩漏, 及赤白帶下. 取粉醋調作丸, 再煆硏細, 却用艾醋湯熬膏和丸, 艾醋湯下五十丸. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Oyster shell (牡蠣): Treats flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Take the powder, work it with vinegar into pills, calcine again and grind fine; then reduce a decoction of mugwort in vinegar to a paste, form pills with it, and take fifty down with mugwort and vinegar decoction.

Gangmok 綱目

13.23.36
Source원문

鱉甲 治漏下五色, 羸瘦. 灸黃爲末, 酒下一錢. 又取鱉肉作羹, 常食之佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Turtle carapace (鱉甲): Treats spotting of the five colours with emaciation. Roast to yellow, powder, and take 1 don down with wine. Also take the turtle's flesh, make a broth, and eat it regularly, which is good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.37
Source원문

蚕退紙 主崩漏帶下. 燒爲末, 米飮調服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Silkworm egg paper (蚕退紙): Governs flooding and spotting and discharge. Burn to a powder and take stirred into rice broth.

Boncho 本草

13.23.38
Source원문

烏賊魚骨 治血枯. 又通月經, 療血崩血漏. 爲末, 丸服, 或末服皆佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cuttlefish bone (烏賊魚骨): Treats blood desiccation. It also frees the menses and cures blood flooding and spotting. Powdered and taken as pills, or as a powder, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.39
Source원문

鰻鱺魚 療婦人帶下百病. 作羹食, 或燒食皆佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Eel (鰻鱺魚): Cures the hundred diseases of discharge in women. Made into a broth and eaten, or roasted and eaten, both are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.40
Source원문

牡鼠屎 治室女月水不通. 燒灰爲末, 酒下一錢, 神效. 勿令知. 《本草》

Translation영역
Male rat droppings (牡鼠屎): Treats menstrual water not passing in a maiden. Burn to ash, powder, and take 1 don down with wine; the effect is marvellous. Do not let her know.
Clinical note임상 주석
勿令知 — do not let her know — is the only instruction of its kind in these chapters. What it concedes is that the patient would refuse if told, and the source records the deception without comment. It is worth noting as a piece of period practice that would not be acceptable now. **Ingesting animal excreta carries a serious infection risk and should not be attempted.**

Boncho 本草

13.23.41
Source원문

䖟蟲 主室女月水不通, 逐瘀血, 散積血, 破血閉. 去翅足, 炒爲末, 醋湯調下, 或丸服之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Tabanus (䖟蟲): Governs menstrual water not passing in a maiden; it expels static blood, scatters accumulated blood and breaks blocked blood. Remove the wings and legs, stir-fry, powder, and take stirred into vinegar decoction, or as pills.

Boncho 本草

13.23.42
Source원문

水蛭 治同上. 破血最良. 須切斷, 同石灰再三炒爲末. 或末服, 或丸服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Leech (水蛭): Treats the same as above. For breaking blood it is best of all. It must be cut through and stir-fried two or three times with lime, then powdered. Taken as a powder or as pills.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Contraindicated in pregnancy. Leech and tabanus are the tradition's most forceful blood-breakers and appear together in the Shanghan classics only for severe blood binding.**

Boncho 本草

13.23.43
Source원문

五靈脂 行經血有功, 治血崩不止, 及赤白帶下. 半生半炒爲末, 酒下一錢, 或丸服之. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Flying squirrel faeces (五靈脂): It has merit in moving the menstrual blood, and treats blood flooding that will not stop, and red and white discharge. Half raw and half stir-fried, powdered, and taken 1 don down with wine, or as pills.
Clinical note임상 주석
Half raw and half fried, which is how the section at 13.16.1 explains its double action: raw it moves blood, fried it stanches. Splitting the dose is how both are had at once.

Dansim 丹心

13.23.44
Source원문

荊芥穗 治崩漏不止. 燒存性爲末, 每二錢, 童尿調下. 《良方》

Translation영역
Schizonepeta spike (荊芥穗): Treats flooding and spotting that will not stop. Burn preserving its nature, powder, and take 2 don at a time stirred into child's urine.

Buin Daejeon Yangbang (婦人大全良方)

13.23.45
Source원문

蜀葵花 赤花治赤帶, 白花治白帶. 爲末, 溫酒下二錢.

Translation영역
Hollyhock flower (蜀葵花): The red flower treats red discharge, the white flower treats white discharge. Powder and take 2 don down with warm wine.
Clinical note임상 주석
Colour matched to colour, one flower to each discharge. It is the plainest instance of the resemblance reasoning in the chapter, and it sits a few lines from the thistles and sanguisorba, which are chosen on pharmacological grounds. The section holds both kinds of thinking side by side without marking the difference.

Boncho 本草

13.23.46
Source원문

蜀葵花 單葉紅蜀葵根, 治帶下, 排膿血, 極驗. 《本草》

Translation영역
Hollyhock flower (蜀葵花), second method: The root of the single-petalled red hollyhock treats discharge and expels pus and blood, with the greatest efficacy.
Clinical note임상 주석
排膿血 — expels pus and blood — is the one entry in the section that names pus, and it confirms that some of what the chapter calls discharge was frank infection.

Boncho 本草

13.23.47
Source원문

水芹 療崩漏帶下. 作虀葅, 或煮, 或生食, 幷佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Water dropwort (水芹): Cures flooding and spotting and discharge. Made into pickle, boiled, or eaten raw — all are good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.48
Source원문

鹿角膠 主崩漏, 赤白帶下. 炒爲末, 酒下二錢, 或丸服, 或煮服良. 《本草》

Translation영역
Deer antler glue (鹿角膠): Governs flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Stir-fry, powder, and take 2 don down with wine; or as pills, or boiled and taken — all good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.49
Source원문

鹿茸 治崩漏, 赤白帶下. 灸爲末, 酒服一錢, 或丸服之.

Translation영역
Deer antler velvet (鹿茸): Treats flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Roast, powder, and take 1 don with wine, or as pills.

Boncho 本草

13.23.50
Source원문

鹿茸 鹿角, 燒灰服亦佳.

Translation영역
Deer antler velvet (鹿茸), note: Deer antler burnt to ash and taken is also good.

Boncho 本草

13.23.51
Source원문

雀肉 治血崩帶下. 或燒食, 或作煎食之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Sparrow flesh (雀肉): Treats blood flooding and discharge. Roasted and eaten, or made into a decoct and eaten.

Boncho 本草

13.23.52
Source원문

牛角䚡 止血崩不止, 及赤白帶下. 燒灰, 酒下二錢, 或作丸服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Ox horn core (牛角䚡): Stanches blood flooding that will not stop, and red and white discharge. Burn to ash and take 2 don down with wine, or make into pills.

Boncho 本草

13.23.53
Source원문

黃狗頭骨 主崩漏, 及赤白帶下. 燒爲末, 酒下一錢, 或作丸服之.

Translation영역
Yellow dog skull (黃狗頭骨): Governs flooding and spotting, and red and white discharge. Burn to a powder and take 1 don down with wine, or make into pills.

Boncho 本草

13.23.54
Source원문

黃狗頭骨 陰莖及陰卵, 主帶下十二疾. 燒作末, 酒服一錢, 或丸服之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Yellow dog skull (黃狗頭骨), second method: The penis and testicles govern the twelve diseases of discharge. Burn to a powder and take 1 don with wine, or as pills.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section closes as it opened, with something burnt. Of the forty-one simples here, more than half are charred, calcined or reduced to ash — stove earth, soot, palm bark, acorn cups, silkworm paper, ox horn, dog skull. That is what the principle at 13.16.12 amounts to in practice: 黑藥能止血, black medicines can stanch blood. Whatever the substance was before burning, charring was held to make it haemostatic, and a chapter concerned above all with bleeding was built on that.

Boncho 本草

13.24 Acupuncture and Moxibustion Methods 鍼灸法

13.24.1
Source원문

月經不調, 取陰獨ㆍ中極ㆍ三陰交ㆍ腎兪ㆍ氣海. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For menses out of order, take Eumdok (陰獨), Jungguk (中極, CV3), Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), Sinsu (腎兪, BL23) and Gihae (氣海, CV6).

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.2
Source원문

月經斷絶, 取中極ㆍ三陰交ㆍ腎兪ㆍ合谷ㆍ四滿ㆍ三里. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For menses cut off, take Jungguk (中極, CV3), Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), Sinsu (腎兪, BL23), Hapgok (合谷, LI4), Saman (四滿, KI14) and Samni (三里, ST36).

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.3
Source원문

崩漏不止, 取血海ㆍ陰谷ㆍ三陰交ㆍ行間ㆍ大衝ㆍ中極. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For flooding and spotting that will not stop, take Hyeolhae (血海, SP10), Eumgok (陰谷, KI10), Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), Haenggan (行間, LR2), Taechung (太衝, LR3) and Jungguk (中極, CV3).

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.4
Source원문

赤白帶, 取中極ㆍ腎兪ㆍ氣海ㆍ三陰交ㆍ章門ㆍ行間.

Translation영역
For red and white discharge, take Jungguk (中極, CV3), Sinsu (腎兪, BL23), Gihae (氣海, CV6), Sameumgyo (三陰交, SP6), Jangmun (章門, LR13) and Haenggan (行間, LR2).
Clinical note임상 주석
Jungguk and Sameumgyo appear in every one of these prescriptions. Jungguk sits on the midline over the uterus and Sameumgyo is where the three leg yin channels meet; between them they are the chapter's standing pair for anything gynaecological.

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.5
Source원문

赤白帶, 帶脉穴灸之最奇. 一女患此, 灸此穴, 鬼附身云, 灸着我, 我卽去, 俄而卽差. 《資生》

Translation영역
For red and white discharge, moxa at Daemaek (帶脉, GB26) is most marvellous. A woman suffered from this; when this point was moxaed, a ghost possessing her said: you have moxaed me, and I shall go at once — and in a moment she recovered.
Clinical note임상 주석
A case recorded in the idiom of its time. What it reports is a woman with chronic discharge who recovered after moxa at one point, with her distress framed as possession. The point is on the girdling vessel, which the chapter has already named as the anatomical basis for the term 帶下 at 13.17.2, so the selection follows the chapter's own reasoning.

Jasaenggyeong 資生

13.24.6
Source원문

崔氏四花穴, 治帶下如神. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Choe's four flowers points treat discharge with spirit-like effect.

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.7
Source원문

赤帶, 取中極ㆍ氣海ㆍ委中.

Translation영역
For red discharge, take Jungguk (中極, CV3), Gihae (氣海, CV6) and Wijung (委中, BL40).

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.8
Source원문

白帶, 取曲骨ㆍ承陰ㆍ中極. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For white discharge, take Gokgol (曲骨, CV2), Seungeum (承陰) and Jungguk (中極, CV3).

Gangmok 綱目

13.24.9
Source원문

經斷久, 忽大崩下, 取豊隆ㆍ石門ㆍ天樞ㆍ中脘ㆍ氣海. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the menses have long been cut off and suddenly there is great flooding below, take Pungnyung (豊隆, ST40), Seongmun (石門, CV5), Cheonchu (天樞, ST25), Jungwan (中脘, CV12) and Gihae (氣海, CV6).
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter closes on the presentation it treats most seriously: heavy bleeding after the menses have long stopped. The section at 13.22 gives the formulas and the same caution. **Vaginal bleeding after menopause requires medical investigation.**

Gangmok 綱目

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Inner Landscape, Volume 3, The Uterus chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.