寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

The Throat

Inhu

한글 인후  ·  Pinyin Yan Hou

Two passages that look like one — the food road and the air road, the four parts that must work together or a person starves, and the swelling that kills in half a day

咽喉

The chapter opens by separating what looks like one opening into two. The 咽 is the gullet, which takes in food and joins the stomach; the 喉 is the windpipe, which takes in air and joins the lung. Add the epiglottis, which shuts over the windpipe as food passes, and the tongue, which lifts to let it open — four parts working against each other in turn, and Zhang Zihe's line is the chapter's premise: lose one of the four and eating stops and the person dies. What follows is urgent throughout. Every disease here is put down to fire, and the fire is graded: the sovereign fire moves slowly and makes pain and swelling, the ministerial fire moves fast and makes a swelling that closes, and a closed throat kills in half a day. There are single and double moth for the tonsils, wrapping throat wind for the swelling that runs round the neck, and the running- horse throat impediment that kills between morning and evening. The treatments are graded to match: lance it and let the blood out first, then bring up the phlegm, then blow in the powder, then give the decoction — and 5.21's warning that after the emergency one must not go on with cold medicines, because the heat above will be gone and the cold below will take its place. The chapter ends with two long sections on things stuck in the throat, from fish bones to swallowed coins, and they are the most inventive pages in the book.

5.1 Gullet and Windpipe Are Different 咽與喉各異

5.1.1
Source원문

靈樞曰, 咽喉者水穀之道也; 喉嚨者氣之所以上下者也; 會厭者音聲之戶也; 懸雍者音聲之關也.

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the gullet is the road of water and grain; the windpipe is what the qi goes up and down by; the epiglottis is the door of the voice; the uvula is the gate of the voice.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.1.2
Source원문

內經曰, 喉主天氣, 咽主地氣. 又曰, 地氣通於嗌. 註曰, 嗌謂咽喉下接連胸中肺兩葉之間也. 嗌卽咽之低處也, 咽卽嗌之高處也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: the windpipe governs heaven's qi and the gullet earth's qi. It also says: earth's qi passes through to the 嗌. The commentary says: 嗌 means where the gullet joins below, between the two lobes of the lung within the chest. The 嗌 is the low part of the gullet and the gullet the high part of the 嗌.

Naegyeong 內經

5.1.3
Source원문

喉者候也, 咽者嚥也. 咽接三脘以通胃, 故以之嚥物; 喉通五藏以系肺, 故以之候氣. 氣喉穀咽, 皎然明白. 《得效》

Translation영역
喉 means to watch and 咽 means to swallow. The gullet joins the three cavities and communicates with the stomach, so by it one swallows things; the windpipe communicates with the five viscera and ties to the lung, so by it one watches the qi. Air by the windpipe and grain by the gullet — clear and plain.
Clinical note임상 주석
氣喉穀咽 — air by the windpipe, grain by the gullet. Four graphs that make the distinction the whole chapter depends on, since a disease of the one starves a patient and a disease of the other suffocates them.

Deukhyo 得效

5.1.4
Source원문

咽者胃之系, 喉者肺氣之所通. 咽以嚥物, 喉以候氣, 理一而分殊也. 《直指》

Translation영역
The pharynx is the stomach's tie; the larynx is where the lung qi passes. The pharynx swallows things and the larynx watches over the qi — one principle divided into two offices.

Jikji 直指

5.1.5
Source원문

咽者, 嚥物之門戶也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
The pharynx is the gate and door by which things are swallowed.

Gangmok 綱目

5.2 Gullet, Windpipe, Epiglottis and Tongue Differ in Their Use 咽喉會厭與舌其用不同

5.2.1
Source원문

咽與喉ㆍ會厭與舌, 此四者同在一門而其用各異. 喉以納氣, 故喉氣通於天; 咽以納食, 故咽氣通於地. 會厭管乎其上以司開闔, 掩其喉則其食下, 不掩之則其喉錯. 必舌抵上齶則會厭能開其喉矣. 四者交相爲用, 闕一則飮食廢而死矣. 《子和》

Translation영역
The gullet and the windpipe, the epiglottis and the tongue — these four are in one gateway and their uses differ. The windpipe takes in air, so its qi communicates with heaven; the gullet takes in food, so its qi communicates with earth. The epiglottis is in charge above them and governs the opening and shutting: covering the windpipe, the food goes down; not covering it, the windpipe goes wrong. Only when the tongue presses against the palate can the epiglottis open the windpipe. The four take their turns in use, and let one be wanting and eating and drinking cease and the person dies.
Clinical note임상 주석
A working account of swallowing: the tongue rises, the epiglottis drops over the airway, the bolus passes, and the airway opens again. Zhang Zihe has the sequence right and its consequence right — 闕一則飮食廢而死, lose one part and the person starves.

Jahwa 子和

5.3 The Measurements of the Throat 咽喉度數

5.3.1
Source원문

靈樞曰, 咽門重十兩, 廣二寸半, 至胃長一尺六寸. 喉嚨重十二兩, 廣二寸, 長一尺二寸. 《子和》

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the gullet weighs ten nyang, is two and a half chon wide, and reaches the stomach in one cheok six chon. The windpipe weighs twelve nyang, is two chon wide and one cheok two chon long.

Yeongchu 靈樞 · Jahwa 子和

5.3.2
Source원문

仙經曰, 絳宮重樓十二級. 人之喉嚨管有十二節. 《養性》

Translation영역
The immortals' classic says: the crimson palace has a twelve-storeyed tower. The windpipe of a person has twelve rings.
Clinical note임상 주석
重樓 — the twelve-storeyed tower, the Daoist name for the trachea, from its stacked cartilage rings. The count is close enough that whoever made it had looked.

Yangseongseo 養性書

5.4 The Pulse 脉法

5.4.1
Source원문

兩中脉浮洪而溢者, 喉痺也. 脉微而伏者死. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where both inch pulses are floating, surging and overflowing, it is throat impediment; where the pulse is faint and hidden, death.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.4.2
Source원문

咽喉之脉, 兩寸洪溢, 上盛下虛, 脉忌微伏. 《回春》

Translation영역
In the throat's pulse, both inches surging and overflowing means fullness above and vacuity below; a faint hidden pulse is to be feared.

Hoechun 回春

5.5 The Throat's Diseases All Belong to Fire 咽喉之病皆屬火

5.5.1
Source원문

內經曰, 一陰一陽結, 謂之喉痺痺與閉同. 註曰, 一陰謂心主之脉, 一陽謂三焦之脉也. 三焦心主脉幷絡喉, 氣熱內結, 故爲喉痺.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: where the first yin and the first yang bind, it is called throat impediment impediment here being the same as closure. The commentary says: the first yin means the heart governor's channel and the first yang the three burners' channel; both network at the throat, and where the qi heat binds within there is throat impediment.

Naegyeong 內經

5.5.2
Source원문

一陰肝與心包, 一陽膽與三焦, 四經皆有相火. 火者痰之本, 痰者火之標也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The first yin is the liver and pericardium, the first yang the gallbladder and three burners, and all four channels have ministerial fire. Fire is the root of phlegm and phlegm the branch of fire.

Immun 入門

5.5.3
Source원문

少陰君火ㆍ少陽相火, 二脉幷絡咽喉. 君火勢緩則熱結而爲疼爲腫; 相火勢速則腫甚不仁而爲痺, 痺甚不通而痰塞以死矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
The lesser yin's sovereign fire and the lesser yang's ministerial fire both network at the throat. The sovereign fire moves slowly, so the heat binds and makes pain and swelling; the ministerial fire moves fast, so the swelling is severe and without feeling and becomes an impediment, and the impediment worsening until nothing passes, the phlegm blocks and death follows.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's grading of urgency: a slow fire that hurts and a fast one that closes. What the Immun is distinguishing is a sore throat from an airway that is shutting, and it is the right distinction to make first.

Immun 入門

5.5.4
Source원문

咽喉之疾皆屬火熱, 雖有數種之名, 輕重之異乃火之微甚故也. 微而輕者可以緩治; 甚而急者, 惟用砭刺出血最爲上策. 《正傳》

Translation영역
The throat's diseases all belong to fire heat; though they have several names, the difference of light and heavy is only the fire's being slight or severe. The slight and light may be treated slowly; for the severe and urgent, nothing is better than pricking with a stone lancet and letting the blood out.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.6 The Names of the Throat's Diseases 咽喉病名

5.6.1
Source원문

咽喉之病有單乳蛾ㆍ雙乳蛾ㆍ單喉閉ㆍ雙喉閉ㆍ纏喉風ㆍ急喉痺ㆍ懸雍垂ㆍ梅核氣ㆍ尸咽ㆍ穀賊ㆍ骨鯁ㆍ咽痛ㆍ咽瘡.

Translation영역
The throat's diseases are: single moth, double moth, single throat closure, double throat closure, wrapping throat wind, sudden throat impediment, the hanging uvula, plum-stone qi, corpse gullet, the grain thief, a lodged bone, throat pain and throat sores.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.6.2
Source원문

咽喉懸雍關要所係, 病不急療皆能殺人. 《直指》 咽喉病十八種, 皆後世强名, 故不錄.

Translation영역
The gullet, windpipe and uvula are where the essential gate lies, and where disease is not treated urgently they can all kill. The eighteen kinds of throat disease are all names forced on them by later ages, and so are not recorded here.
Clinical note임상 주석
皆後世强名, 故不錄 — names forced on them by later ages, and so not recorded. The Bogam declines to reproduce a classification it thinks spurious, which it does rarely and always worth noticing.

Jikji 直指 · Donguibogam · Inhu

5.7 Single Moth, Double Moth and Throat Impediment 單乳蛾雙乳蛾喉痺

5.7.1
Source원문

會厭之兩傍腫者, 俗謂之雙乳蛾, 易治; 會厭之一邊腫者, 俗謂之單乳蛾, 難治. 古方通謂之喉痺, 皆相火之所衝逆耳. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Where both sides beside the epiglottis swell, people call it double moth, and it is easy to treat; where one side swells, single moth, and it is hard to treat. The old formularies call them all throat impediment, and they are all the ministerial fire surging up.
Clinical note임상 주석
雙蛾易治, 單蛾難治 — the double is easier than the single. The observation holds: bilateral tonsillar swelling is usually simple tonsillitis, while a one-sided swelling is more often a peritonsillar abscess, which needs draining.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.7.2
Source원문

皆因熱氣上行, 搏於喉之兩傍近外腫作, 以其形似乳蛾, 一爲單, 二爲雙. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
They all come of hot qi rising and striking at the two sides of the throat near the outside so that a swelling forms; from its shape like a silkworm moth, one is single and two are double.

Uigam 醫鑑

5.7.3
Source원문

單蛾風者, 其形圓如小筯頭大, 生於咽喉關上, 或左或右, 關下難治. 雙蛾風者, 有兩枚在喉關兩邊, 亦圓如小筯頭大, 關下難治. 《得效》 其乳蛾之差小者, 名曰喉閉. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
In single moth wind the shape is round and the size of a small chopstick head, arising above the throat's gate on the left or the right; below the gate it is hard to treat. In double moth wind there are two, on either side of the throat's gate, likewise round and the size of a small chopstick head; below the gate it is hard to treat. Where the moth swelling is somewhat smaller, it is named throat closure.

Deukhyo 得效 · Uigam 醫鑑

5.7.4
Source원문

喉痺多是痰熱. 《丹心》 纏喉風ㆍ喉閉之證, 皆由膈間素有痰涎, 或因酒色七情不節而作, 火動痰上壅塞咽喉, 所以內外腫痛, 水漿不入, 可謂危且急矣. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Throat impediment is mostly phlegm heat. Wrapping throat wind and throat closure both come of phlegm drool long present between the diaphragm, or arise from wine, sex and the seven affects without measure; the fire stirs and the phlegm rises and congests and blocks the throat, so that it swells and pains within and without and neither water nor gruel goes in — it may be called critical and urgent.

Dansim 丹心

5.7.5
Source원문

喉痺者, 謂喉中呼吸不通, 言語不出, 而天氣閉塞也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Throat impediment means that the breath does not pass in the throat and speech does not come out, and heaven's qi is shut off.

Gangmok 綱目

5.7.6
Source원문

宜用如聖勝金錠ㆍ解毒雄黃元ㆍ牛黃凉膈元ㆍ七寶散ㆍ膽礬散ㆍ鷄內金散ㆍ備急丹ㆍ龍腦膏ㆍ靑龍膽ㆍ吹喉散. 實火宜淸凉散, 虛火加味四物湯.

Translation영역
Sagelike Victory Gold Lozenge, Resolve Toxin Realgar Pill, Ox Bezoar Cool the Diaphragm Pill, Seven Treasures Powder, Bluestone Powder, Chicken Gizzard Lining Powder, Prepare for Urgency Elixir, Borneol Paste, Blue Dragon Gall and Blow into the Throat Powder should be used. For repletion fire, Clear and Cool Powder; for vacuity fire, Supplemented Four Substances Decoction.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.8 Sudden Throat Impediment 急喉痺

5.8.1
Source원문

靈樞曰, 瘡發咽嗌, 名曰猛疽. 此疾治遲則咽塞, 咽塞則氣不通, 氣不通則半日死.

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: where a sore breaks out in the gullet, it is named the fierce abscess. Where this disease is treated late the gullet blocks; blocked, the qi does not pass; the qi not passing, death in half a day.
Clinical note임상 주석
半日死 — death in half a day. It is the shortest interval the Bogam gives for any disease, and for a deep neck abscess closing an airway it is not an exaggeration.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.8.2
Source원문

喉閉而暴發暴死者, 名曰走馬喉痺. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where the throat closes and it breaks out suddenly and kills suddenly, it is named running-horse throat impediment.

Uigam 醫鑑

5.8.3
Source원문

夫喉之爲會厭者, 經謂之吸門是也. 以其司呼吸主升降, 爲人身緊關之槖籥門戶也. 若夫卒然腫痛, 水漿不入, 言語不通, 死在須臾, 誠可驚駭. 《正傳》

Translation영역
The epiglottis of the throat is what the classic calls the inhaling gate. Since it is in charge of breathing and governs ascent and descent, it is the bellows and pipe of the body, its most critical gateway. Where it suddenly swells and pains so that neither water nor gruel goes in and speech does not pass, death is a moment away — truly a thing to alarm one.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.8.4
Source원문

宜速用鍼法ㆍ吐法以救之. 藥不得下, 當以曲竹管灌藥入喉爲妙. 《類聚》

Translation영역
The needle method and the ejection method should quickly be used to save the patient. Where medicine cannot be got down, it is best to pour it into the throat through a bent bamboo tube.
Clinical note임상 주석
以曲竹管灌藥入喉 — pouring medicine into the throat through a bent bamboo tube. A feeding tube, improvised from what was at hand, for a patient who cannot swallow.

Yuchwi 類聚

5.8.5
Source원문

急喉閉其聲如鼾, 有如痰在喉響者, 此爲肺絶之候. 宜用人參膏救之, 用薑汁ㆍ竹瀝放開頻頻服之. 如未得參膏, 先煎獨參湯救之. 早者十全七八, 次則十全四五, 遲則十不全一也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
In sudden throat closure, where the sound is like snoring and there seems to be phlegm rattling in the throat, this is the sign of the lung being cut off. Ginseng Paste should be used to save the patient, opened up with ginger juice and bamboo sap and given often. If the paste cannot be got, first decoct Ginseng Alone Decoction. Early, seven or eight in ten are saved; next, four or five; late, not one in ten.
Clinical note임상 주석
其聲如鼾 — a sound like snoring. Stertorous breathing from an obstructed upper airway, and the Gangmok's figures for survival by how soon treatment starts are the most explicit statement of urgency in the Bogam.

Gangmok 綱目

5.8.6
Source원문

孫兆治潘元從急喉, 以藥半錢吹入喉中, 少頃吐出膿血立愈. 潘謝曰, 大急之患非明公不能救, 非藥不能療. 贈金百兩, 願求其方. 孫曰, 猪牙皂角ㆍ白礬ㆍ黃連 等分, 瓦上焙爲末耳. 旣授以方, 不受所贈. 《回春》

Translation영역
Sun Zhao treated Pan Yuancong's sudden throat trouble, blowing 5 pun of medicine into his throat; presently pus and blood were vomited out and he was healed at once. Pan thanked him and said: in so urgent a case none but you could have saved me, and no other medicine could have cured it. He offered a hundred nyang of gold and asked for the formula. Sun said: gleditsia, alum and coptis in equal parts, baked on a tile and powdered — that is all. He gave the formula and refused the gift.

Hoechun 回春

5.8.7
Source원문

牙關緊者須開關, 用一字散ㆍ二仙散. 毒結宜如聖勝金錠ㆍ解毒雄黃元方幷見上ㆍ龍腦破毒散ㆍ奪命散ㆍ玉鑰匙ㆍ金鎖匙ㆍ巴豆烟. 挫喉氣不通, 冷水徐灌之. 《山居》

Translation영역
Where the jaw is clenched the gate must be opened: use One Character Powder and Two Immortals Powder. Where the toxin is bound: Sagelike Victory Gold Lozenge and Resolve Toxin Realgar Pill formulas above, Borneol Break the Toxin Powder, Snatch Back Life Powder, the Jade Key, the Golden Lock Key and Croton Smoke. Where the throat is crushed and the qi does not pass, pour cold water in slowly.

Immun 入門 · Sangeo 山居

5.9 Wrapping Throat Wind 纏喉風

5.9.1
Source원문

熱結咽喉, 腫繞於外, 且麻且痒, 腫而大者, 名曰纏喉風. 《醫鑑》 纏喉風自耳邊過, 頷下赤色者是也. 大槪內外皆腫者爲纏喉風. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where heat binds in the throat and the swelling wraps round the outside, numb and itching, swollen and large, it is named wrapping throat wind. Wrapping throat wind passes from beside the ear, and the redness below the jaw is its mark; in general, where it is swollen within and without alike it is wrapping throat wind.
Clinical note임상 주석
自耳邊過, 頷下赤色 — running from beside the ear with redness under the jaw. Cellulitis of the neck spreading from the throat, which is what Ludwig's angina looks like, and the chapter is right that it is the gravest thing in it.

Uigam 醫鑑 · Deukhyo 得效

5.9.2
Source원문

纏喉風之證, 先兩日胸膈氣緊, 出氣短促, 忽然咽喉腫痛, 手足厥冷, 氣閉不通, 頃刻不治. 《丹心》 纏喉風屬痰熱, 其咽喉裏外皆腫者是也. 《丹心》

Translation영역
In the pattern of wrapping throat wind, for two days beforehand the chest and diaphragm are tight and the breath short and hurried; then suddenly the throat swells and pains, the hands and feet are cold with reversal, the qi is shut and does not pass, and in a moment it is past treating. Wrapping throat wind belongs to phlegm heat, and its mark is the throat swollen within and without alike.

Dansim 丹心

5.9.3
Source원문

宜用解毒雄黃元ㆍ如聖勝金錠ㆍ龍腦破毒散ㆍ一字散ㆍ二仙散ㆍ玉鑰匙ㆍ巴豆烟七方皆見上ㆍ雄黃散ㆍ佛手散ㆍ白礬散ㆍ氷梅丸方見下. 兼用鍼法ㆍ吐法乃效.

Translation영역
Resolve Toxin Realgar Pill, Sagelike Victory Gold Lozenge, Borneol Break the Toxin Powder, One Character Powder, Two Immortals Powder, the Jade Key and Croton Smoke all seven above, Realgar Powder, Buddha's Hand Powder, Alum Powder and Iced Plum Pill formula below should be used, with the needle method and the ejection method as well for effect.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.10 The Hanging Uvula 懸雍垂

5.10.1
Source원문

懸雍生於上齶, 雖不問於咽喉, 所以暴腫者, 抑亦熱氣使然也. 《直指》

Translation영역
The uvula grows from the palate, and though it is not part of the throat proper, that it swells suddenly is likewise the doing of hot qi.

Jikji 直指

5.10.2
Source원문

懸雍謂之帝鍾. 懸雍腫而垂下有長數寸者, 謂之帝鍾風. 宜用鹽礬散. 不可鍼破, 鍼則殺人. 《得效》

Translation영역
The uvula is called the emperor's bell. Where it swells and hangs down several chon long, it is called emperor's bell wind: Salt and Alum Powder is appropriate. It must not be pricked open — to needle it kills.
Clinical note임상 주석
不可鍼破, 鍼則殺人 — it must not be lanced, for lancing kills. The chapter lances almost everything else in the throat; the uvula is the one place it forbids it, and 5.19's list of exceptions repeats the prohibition.

Deukhyo 得效

5.10.3
Source원문

懸雍者音聲之關. 若藏府伏熱上衝咽喉, 則懸雍或長而腫也. 宜吹喉散ㆍ玄參散ㆍ硼砂散. 《類聚》

Translation영역
The uvula is the gate of the voice. Where heat lying hidden in the viscera and bowels surges up to the throat, the uvula lengthens and swells. Blow into the Throat Powder, Scrophularia Powder and Borax Powder are appropriate.

Yuchwi 類聚

5.10.4
Source원문

腎傷寒咽痛及帝鍾腫者忌鍼. 以蛇床子於甁中燒烟, 令病人吸入喉中, 立愈. 《入門》

Translation영역
In kidney cold damage with throat pain, and where the emperor's bell is swollen, needling is forbidden. Burn cnidium seed in a jar to make smoke and have the patient breathe it into the throat, and it heals at once.

Immun 入門

5.11 Plum-Stone Qi 梅核氣

5.11.1
Source원문

七情氣鬱, 結成痰涎, 隨氣積聚, 堅大如塊, 在心腹間, 或塞咽喉如梅核粉絮樣, 咯不出嚥不下, 每發欲絶, 逆害飮食. 宜四七湯方見氣門. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the seven affects depress the qi, it binds into phlegm drool which follows the qi and gathers, firm and large as a lump, between the heart and abdomen; or it blocks the throat like a plum stone or a wad of floss, which cannot be coughed up or swallowed down, and at every attack one feels near to expiring and it turns against food and drink. Four Sevens Decoction formula in the Qi chapter is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
咯不出嚥不下 — cannot be coughed up or swallowed down. The globus sensation, described so exactly that the phrase is still the one used for it, and the chapter puts it firmly among the diseases of the affects rather than of the throat.

Deukhyo 得效

5.11.2
Source원문

男女或有胸喉間梅核作恙者, 觸事勿怒, 飮食勿冷. 《直指》

Translation영역
Where a man or woman suffers a plum stone between chest and throat, let them not grow angry at what happens, and not eat and drink cold things.

Jikji 直指

5.11.3
Source원문

梅核氣者, 窒碍於咽喉之間, 咯不出嚥不下, 如梅核之狀是也. 始因喜怒太過, 積熱蘊隆, 乃成厚痰鬱結, 致斯疾耳. 宜加味四七湯ㆍ加味二陳湯. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Plum-stone qi is an obstruction between the gullet and the windpipe, which cannot be coughed up or swallowed down, shaped like a plum stone. It begins from joy and anger in excess, with heat accumulating and gathering high, which becomes thick phlegm bound in depression and brings on this disease. Supplemented Four Sevens Decoction and Supplemented Two Matured Ingredients Decoction are appropriate.

Uigam 醫鑑

5.12 Corpse Gullet 尸咽

5.12.1
Source원문

尸咽者, 陰陽不和, 脾肺壅盛, 風熱毒氣不能宣通, 故令尸蟲發動, 上蝕於喉, 或痒或疼, 如䘌之候也. 《直指》 與傷寒狐惑同, 當參考.

Translation영역
Corpse gullet is yin and yang out of harmony with spleen and lung congested and exuberant, so that the wind heat toxic qi cannot diffuse and the corpse worms are stirred to activity and eat upward at the throat, with itching or pain, like the signs of gan erosion. It is the same as fox-delusion in cold damage, and should be read together with it.
Clinical note임상 주석
狐惑 — fox-delusion, Zhongjing's syndrome of ulceration in the throat and genitals with confusion, which modern writers usually identify with Behçet's disease. The Jikji is pointing at the same thing from the throat's side.

Jikji 直指

5.13 The Grain Thief 穀賊

5.13.1
Source원문

穀賊者, 穀芒强澁, 藏於米而誤食之, 滯於咽門, 不能傳化, 故風熱倂聚, 與血氣搏, 遂令腫刺也. 不急治亦能殺人. 《直指》

Translation영역
The grain thief is a grain awn, stiff and rough, hidden in the rice and swallowed by mistake, which lodges at the gullet's gate and cannot be passed on; so wind and heat gather together and strike against the blood and qi, and it swells and stabs. Not treated urgently, it too can kill.

Jikji 直指

5.13.2
Source원문

誤呑稻麥芒在咽間不下, 急取鵝口中涎灌之卽下. 盖鵝涎能化穀也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where a rice or barley awn has been swallowed by mistake and sticks in the gullet and will not go down, quickly take the drool from a goose's mouth and pour it in, and it goes down; for goose drool can dissolve grain.

Gangmok 綱目

5.14 Pain in the Throat 咽喉痛

5.14.1
Source원문

咽痛云嗌痛者, 謂咽喉不能納唾與食, 而地氣閉塞也; 云喉痺咽嗌痛者, 謂咽喉俱病, 天地之氣幷閉塞也. 盖病喉痺者必兼咽嗌痛, 病咽嗌痛者不能兼喉痺也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
To speak of gullet pain means that the throat cannot take in spittle or food and earth's qi is shut off; to speak of throat impediment with gullet pain means that gullet and windpipe are both diseased and the qi of heaven and earth are both shut off. One with throat impediment must also have gullet pain; one with gullet pain need not also have throat impediment.
Clinical note임상 주석
The asymmetry matters: a blocked airway always comes with a painful swallow, but a painful swallow need not mean the airway is threatened. It is the chapter's way of telling an emergency from a sore throat.

Gangmok 綱目

5.14.2
Source원문

咽痛者, 風邪客於喉間, 氣鬱而熱, 故爲咽痛. 《直指》

Translation영역
Gullet pain is a wind evil lodging in the throat, with the qi depressed and hot, and hence the pain.

Jikji 直指

5.14.3
Source원문

咽喉乾枯, 常如毛刺, 呑嚥有碍者, 風燥也. 荊防敗毒散方見寒門加薄荷ㆍ黃芩ㆍ半夏, 倍桔梗, 入生薑煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the throat is parched and always as though pricked by hairs and swallowing is obstructed, it is wind dryness: Schizonepeta and Saposhnikovia Vanquish Toxin Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter with mint, scutellaria and pinellia added and the platycodon doubled, decocted with fresh ginger.

Immun 入門

5.14.4
Source원문

咽喉痛, 硼砂或和膽礬ㆍ白殭蠶ㆍ白梅肉和噙. 又必用荊芥ㆍ玄參. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For throat pain, borax, or borax mixed with bluestone, silkworm and salted plum flesh, held in the mouth. Schizonepeta and scrophularia must also be used.

Dansim 丹心

5.14.6
Source원문

喉乾燥痛, 四物湯方見血門加桔梗ㆍ荊芥ㆍ黃栢ㆍ知母煎服, 立已. 《正傳》

Translation영역
For a dry, parched, painful throat, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with platycodon, schizonepeta, phellodendron and anemarrhena added, decocted and taken — it stops at once.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.15 Throat Pain in Cold Damage 傷寒咽痛

5.15.1
Source원문

傷寒陽毒ㆍ陰毒皆有咽痛, 詳見本門. 《仲景》

Translation영역
In cold damage, both yang toxin and yin toxin have throat pain; treated in detail in that chapter.

Junggyeong 仲景

5.15.2
Source원문

伏氣之病, 謂非時暴寒中人, 伏於少陰經, 始不覺, 旬月乃發. 先發咽痛, 次必下利, 脉微弱. 古方謂之腎傷寒, 宜用半夏桂甘湯. 《活人》

Translation영역
The disease of lurking qi means a sudden cold out of season striking a person and lying hidden in the lesser yin channel, unnoticed at first and breaking out after ten days or a month. Throat pain comes first and diarrhoea must follow, with a faint weak pulse. The old formularies call it kidney cold damage: Pinellia, Cinnamon and Licorice Decoction is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
先發咽痛, 次必下利 — the throat pain comes first and the diarrhoea follows. A sore throat followed by gut symptoms in a patient with a weak pulse is a real sequence, and the Hwarin's point is that this one is not to be cooled.

Hwarin 活人

5.15.3
Source원문

少陰客寒咽痛, 宜甘桔湯ㆍ桔梗湯ㆍ荊芥湯方見下.

Translation영역
For lesser yin throat pain from a visiting cold: Licorice and Platycodon Decoction, Platycodon Decoction and Schizonepeta Decoction formula below.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.16 Sores of the Throat 咽喉瘡

5.16.1
Source원문

咽瘡者, 胃脘實熱, 熏灸上焦, 發爲白頭赤根, 宜發聲散. 《直指》

Translation영역
Throat sores are repletion heat of the stomach duct steaming and scorching the upper burner, breaking out with a white head and a red root: Issue the Voice Powder is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
白頭赤根 — a white head on a red base. The appearance of a follicular tonsillitis or an aphthous ulcer in the throat, described in four graphs.

Jikji 直指

5.16.2
Source원문

咽喉生瘡痛, 多屬虛火遊行無制, 客於咽喉, 宜用人參ㆍ荊芥ㆍ蜜灸黃栢. 《綱目》 咽喉生瘡, 勿用生薑, 辛辣反甚故也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Sores and pain arising in the throat mostly belong to vacuity fire roaming unchecked and lodging in the throat: ginseng, schizonepeta and honey-roasted phellodendron should be used. Where sores arise in the throat, do not use fresh ginger, for its acrid pungency makes it worse.

Gangmok 綱目

5.16.3
Source원문

楊梅ㆍ天疱瘡服輕粉, 毒氣流注, 多作咽瘡潰爛, 詳見諸瘡門.

Translation영역
In bayberry sores and heaven-blister sores, where calomel has been taken and the toxic qi pours in, it often makes ulcerating throat sores; treated in detail in the Sores chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
Mercury given for syphilis and ulcerating the throat. The Bogam records the treatment's own damage as a disease in its own right, which is more than most of its sources do.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.16.4
Source원문

咽喉瘡宜用利膈湯ㆍ牛蒡子湯ㆍ淸火補陰湯ㆍ加味四物湯方見上ㆍ通隘散方見下ㆍ佛手散ㆍ發聲散ㆍ治喉痺生瘡方.

Translation영역
For throat sores: Free the Diaphragm Decoction, Burdock Seed Decoction, Clear Fire and Supplement the Yin Decoction, Supplemented Four Substances Decoction formula above, Free the Narrows Powder formula below, Buddha's Hand Powder, Issue the Voice Powder and the Formula for Throat Impediment with Sores.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.17 Throat Impediment with Loss of Voice 喉痺失音

5.17.1
Source원문

咽喉生瘡, 令閉聲不出者, 秘傳降氣湯方見氣門去陳皮加黃芩服之. 曾服凉藥自利, 聲音有壞者, 亦用秘傳降氣湯救之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where sores arising in the throat shut the voice so that it does not come out, Secretly Transmitted Downbear the Qi Decoction formula in the Qi chapter with the tangerine peel removed and scutellaria added. Where one has taken cooling medicines and been purged by them and the voice is damaged, Secretly Transmitted Downbear the Qi Decoction likewise saves it.

Immun 入門

5.17.2
Source원문

咽痺失音, 宜用通隘散ㆍ增損如聖湯ㆍ荊芥湯ㆍ通關飮ㆍ桔梗湯ㆍ神效散. 喉閉生瘡失聲音, 服紫雪神效方見火門.

Translation영역
For throat impediment with loss of voice: Free the Narrows Powder, Augmented and Diminished Sagelike Decoction, Schizonepeta Decoction, Free the Gate Drink, Platycodon Decoction and Divinely Effective Powder. Where a closed throat with sores has lost the voice, taking Purple Snow formula in the Fire chapter is divinely effective.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.18 Epidemic Throat Impediment 天行喉痺

5.18.1
Source원문

時行咽痛, 宜用普濟消毒飮子方見瘟疫.

Translation영역
For seasonal epidemic throat pain, Universal Relief Disperse Toxin Drink formula in the Epidemics chapter should be used.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.18.2
Source원문

喉痺一鄕皆相似者, 屬天行運氣之邪. 大忌酸藥點之, 寒藥下之, 鬱其邪於內不得出也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where throat impediment is alike throughout a district, it belongs to the evil of the seasonal movements of qi. It is strictly forbidden to dab it with sour medicines or to purge it with cold ones, for that pens the evil within so that it cannot get out.
Clinical note임상 주석
一鄕皆相似 — alike throughout a district, which is the definition of an epidemic. Streptococcal throat infection does run through a village, and the Gangmok's caution against cooling and purging is the same one 5.21 gives for every closed throat.

Gangmok 綱目

5.18.3
Source원문

天行喉痺, 取鴨嘴膽礬末 半錢吹入喉中, 吐痰立愈. 如無膽礬, 以透明綠礬代之. 《正傳》

Translation영역
For epidemic throat impediment, blow 5 pun of powdered duck-bill bluestone into the throat; the phlegm is vomited and it heals at once. If there is no bluestone, clear green vitriol may be used instead.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.19 Sudden Throat Closure Should Be Needled 咽喉急閉宜鍼

5.19.1
Source원문

咽喉急閉皆屬相火, 惟砭刺出血最爲上策. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Sudden throat closure all belongs to the ministerial fire, and nothing is better than lancing with a needle and letting the blood out.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.19.2
Source원문

喉痺因惡血不散故也. 凡治此疾暴者, 必先發散, 發散不愈次取痰, 取痰不愈次去汚血, 宜鍼之. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Throat impediment comes of bad blood not dispersing. In treating this disease when it is sudden, first disperse it outward; if that does not heal it, next take the phlegm; if that does not heal it, next remove the foul blood, and it should be needled.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three stages in order: open the surface, bring up the phlegm, let the blood. It is the chapter's treatment algorithm, and each step is tried before the next.

Gangmok 綱目

5.19.3
Source원문

凡喉閉急證, 速用鍼刺出血幷豁吐痰涎爲要. 若遲緩不救則死. 《回春》

Translation영역
In any urgent case of throat closure, quickly lancing to let blood out together with bringing up the phlegm drool is essential; if one is slow and does not save the patient, death follows.

Hoechun 回春

5.19.4
Source원문

火鬱則發之, 砭刺出血卽汗之之義也. 血出多則愈. 有鍼瘡者, 薑汁調熟水時時呷之. 凡關上血泡最宜鍼; 關下不見者, 令病人含水一口, 用蘆管尖刺鼻孔出血, 妙. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where fire is depressed, discharge it — lancing to let blood is the same in meaning as making one sweat, and the more blood comes out the better. Where there is a wound from the needle, take ginger juice stirred into boiled water from time to time. A blood blister above the gate is best needled; where it is below the gate and cannot be seen, have the patient hold a mouthful of water and prick the nostril with the point of a reed tube to draw blood — excellent.

Immun 入門

5.19.5
Source원문

一婦人患喉生蛾不肯鍼. 范九思云, 我有一藥須新筆點之. 乃藏鍼在筆頭內, 刺血出卽愈. 《入門》

Translation영역
A woman with a moth swelling in the throat would not be needled. Fan Jiusi said: I have a medicine that must be dabbed on with a new brush. He hid a needle inside the brush head, and lancing it drew blood and she was healed at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A physician hiding a lancet in a writing brush to treat a patient who has refused the needle. Whether one reads it as resourcefulness or as deception, the Bogam prints it approvingly, and it is the only case of its kind in the book.

Immun 入門

5.19.6
Source원문

咽喉腫痛, 惟腎傷寒及帝鍾風者忌鍼. 《入門》

Translation영역
In a swollen painful throat, only in kidney cold damage and emperor's bell wind is needling forbidden.

Immun 入門

5.20 Sudden Throat Closure Should Be Ejected 咽喉急閉宜吐

5.20.1
Source원문

凡喉痺勿論大人小兒, 非吐不可. 如膽礬ㆍ石綠之類爲末, 薄荷汁入醋同調, 以鷄翎蘸藥送入喉內, 徐徐引痰吐出爲佳. 《湯氏》

Translation영역
In any throat impediment, whether in an adult or a child, there is nothing for it but ejection. Powder such things as bluestone and malachite, mix them with mint juice and vinegar, dip a fowl's feather in the medicine and put it into the throat, drawing the phlegm up slowly to be vomited out — this is best.

Tangssi 湯氏

5.20.2
Source원문

喉痺多屬痰, 宜用吐法. 《丹心》 宜用吹喉散ㆍ引痰直捷法ㆍ去涎方, 或用好醋噙漱吐痰亦妙.

Translation영역
Throat impediment mostly belongs to phlegm and the ejection method should be used. Blow into the Throat Powder, the Truly Quick Method for Drawing Phlegm and the Drool-Removing Formula are appropriate; or holding good vinegar in the mouth and rinsing to bring up the phlegm is also excellent.

Dansim 丹心 · Donguibogam · Inhu

5.21 The General Treatment of Throat Closure 咽喉閉通治

5.21.1
Source원문

火性急速, 故病發則暴悍. 或鍼或吐以宣其毒, 此急則治標之法也. 必須兼以內經從治之法, 以桔梗ㆍ甘草ㆍ玄參ㆍ升麻ㆍ防風ㆍ羌活ㆍ荊芥ㆍ人參ㆍ白朮ㆍ茯苓之類, 少加乾薑ㆍ附子爲嚮導, 徐徐頻與, 不可頓服, 此爲治之大法也. 切不可驟用寒凉之藥. 殊不知上熱未除, 中寒復生, 至於發喘發脹, 皆爲不治之證. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Fire is urgent and swift by nature, so when the disease breaks out it is violent. Needling or ejecting to diffuse the toxin is the method of treating the branch in an emergency. But it must be joined with the Neijing's method of treating by following: platycodon, licorice, scrophularia, cimicifuga, saposhnikovia, notopterygium, schizonepeta, ginseng, white atractylodes and poria and their kind, with a little dried ginger and aconite added as guides, given slowly and often and not swallowed at one draught — this is the great method of treatment. Cold and cooling medicines must on no account be used suddenly. What is not understood is that the heat above is not yet removed while cold is engendered anew in the middle, and when it comes to panting and distension, these are all untreatable patterns.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's most important paragraph, and it warns against its own first half. The lancing and the blown powders treat the branch; going on with cold medicines afterwards empties the middle, and the panting and distension that follow are what the Jeongjeon says cannot be treated. 5.22's untreatable signs are the same sequence.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.21.2
Source원문

喉痛必用荊芥; 陰虛火炎必用玄參. 《丹心》 咽喉腫痛諸證, 皆用淸凉散方見上加減用之. 《回春》

Translation영역
For throat pain schizonepeta must be used; where yin vacuity makes fire flame, scrophularia must be used. In all patterns of throat swelling and pain, Clear and Cool Powder formula above is used with additions and subtractions.

Dansim 丹心 · Hoechun 回春

5.21.3
Source원문

通用氷梅丸ㆍ龍腦川芎元ㆍ淸咽利膈散ㆍ必用方甘桔湯方見上ㆍ龍腦破毒散方見上ㆍ金鎻匙方見上ㆍ琥珀犀角膏方見口舌.

Translation영역
For general use: Iced Plum Pill, Borneol and Chuanxiong Pill, Clear the Throat and Free the Diaphragm Powder, the Piryong Licorice and Platycodon Decoction formula above, Borneol Break the Toxin Powder formula above, the Golden Lock Key formula above and Amber and Rhinoceros Horn Paste formula in the Mouth chapter.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.22 Untreatable Signs in the Throat 咽喉不治證

5.22.1
Source원문

凡咽喉閉, 毒氣歸心, 胸前腫滿, 氣煩促, 下部洞泄不止者死. 《得效》

Translation영역
In any throat closure, where the toxic qi goes to the heart, the front of the chest is swollen and full, the breath vexed and hurried, and there is unstoppable draining diarrhoea below — death.

Deukhyo 得效

5.22.2
Source원문

凡喉痺初發, 胸隔氣促, 咽喉腫痛, 手足厥冷, 氣閉不通, 卽死. 《入門》

Translation영역
In any throat impediment, where at its first breaking out the breath in the chest is hurried, the throat swollen and painful, the hands and feet cold with reversal and the qi shut and not passing — death at once.

Immun 入門

5.22.3
Source원문

凡咽喉痺, 不可純用凉藥草藥目前取效. 上熱未除, 中寒復起, 毒氣乘入腹, 胸前高腫, 上喘下泄, 手足爪甲靑紫, 七日後全不食, 口如魚口者死. 《入門》

Translation영역
In any throat impediment, cooling medicines and herbs must not be used alone for a present effect. The heat above is not removed while cold rises anew in the middle, the toxic qi takes its chance and enters the abdomen, the front of the chest swells high, there is panting above and draining below, the nails of hands and feet are green-purple, after seven days nothing is eaten at all, and where the mouth is like a fish's — death.
Clinical note임상 주석
胸前高腫, 上喘下泄, 爪甲靑紫 — the chest swollen high, panting above and purging below, the nails dusky. A throat infection that has spread into the mediastinum and gone to sepsis, and the chapter names the treatment that helped it there: cooling medicines given alone and given too long.

Immun 入門

5.23 A Fish Bone Lodged 魚骨鯁

5.23.1
Source원문

凡骨鯁在咽不下, 用玉屑無憂散. 《三因》

Translation영역
Where any bone is lodged in the throat and will not go down, use Jade Shavings Freedom from Care Powder.

Samin 三因

5.23.2
Source원문

凡治鯁之法皆以類推: 如鸕鷀治魚鯁, 磁石治鍼哽, 髮灰治髮哽, 狸虎骨治骨哽, 各從其類也. 《三因》

Translation영역
All the methods of treating a lodged thing go by kind: cormorant for a fish bone, loadstone for a needle, hair ash for hair, and the bone of wildcat or tiger for a bone — each according to its kind.
Clinical note임상 주석
各從其類 — each according to its kind, which is the whole logic of this section: a fish-eating bird for a fish bone, a bone-eating animal for a bone. Only the loadstone for a needle works, and it works for a reason that has nothing to do with kind.

Samin 三因

5.23.3
Source원문

諸魚膽皆下骨鯁. 鱖魚ㆍ蠡魚ㆍ鯽魚膽皆可用, 臘月收者尤佳. 取一皂子許溫酒化呷之, 若得吐便出; 未吐更飮溫酒, 但以吐爲妙; 未出更服. 《本草》

Translation영역
The galls of any fish bring a lodged bone down; the gall of grass carp, eel or perch may all be used, and those gathered in the twelfth month are best. Take a gleditsia-seed's worth melted in warm wine; if vomiting follows, it comes out. If there is no vomiting, drink more warm wine, for vomiting is what is wanted; if it still does not come out, take it again.

Boncho 本草

5.23.4
Source원문

南硼砂噙化, 其骨脫然而失. 《得效》 貫衆濃煎一盃, 半分三服連進, 片時一咯而骨出. 《得效》 縮砂ㆍ甘草末綿裹含嚥, 卽吐出. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Southern borax melted in the mouth, and the bone slips away and is gone. Dryopteris decocted thick, a cupful in three doses one after another, and in a little while one cough brings the bone out. Amomum and licorice powdered, wrapped in cotton wool and held in the mouth and swallowed, and it is vomited out.

Deukhyo 得效 · Dansim 丹心

5.23.5
Source원문

野苧根洗淨爛搗如泥, 取櫻桃大, 如鷄骨以鷄羹化下, 如魚骨以魚羹化下, 立出. 《丹心》 魚骨橫喉中, 鯉魚鱗皮燒作屑, 和水服卽出. 《本草》 魚骨在肚中刺痛, 煎吳茱萸汁一盞飮之, 骨軟而出. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Wash wild ramie root clean and pound it soft as mud; take a cherry's worth, and for a chicken bone melt it down with chicken broth, for a fish bone with fish broth, and it comes out at once. Where a fish bone lies crosswise in the throat, burn carp scale and skin to shavings and take with water, and it comes out. Where a fish bone stabs within the belly, decoct a cupful of evodia juice and drink it, and the bone softens and comes out.

Dansim 丹心 · Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

5.23.6
Source원문

萱草根汁飮之卽下. 《綱目》 海獺皮煮汁飮, 水獺亦可. 又鸕鷀或魚狗鳥燒灰, 和飮服卽下. 《本草》

Translation영역
Day-lily root juice drunk, and it goes down. Sea-otter skin boiled for its liquor and drunk; river otter will do as well. Or a cormorant or a kingfisher burnt to ash, stirred into a drink and taken, and it goes down.
Clinical note임상 주석
The cormorant is 5.23.2's worked example of the rule — 鸕鷀治魚鯁, like treats like, because the bird swallows fish whole. The otters belong to the same reasoning. **Sea otters are protected under CITES Appendix I and cormorants and kingfishers are protected wild birds; none of this is to be prepared.**

Gangmok 綱目 · Boncho 本草

5.23.7
Source원문

鳳仙花子水硏取汁, 以匙送入咽呷下, 勿犯齒. 無子用根. 《醫鑑》 皂角末吹鼻得嚔卽出. 《類聚》

Translation영역
Grind balsam seed in water for the juice and send it down the throat on a spoon, keeping it off the teeth; if there is no seed use the root. Blow gleditsia powder up the nose to raise a sneeze, and it comes out.
Clinical note임상 주석
勿犯齒 — keep it off the teeth. Balsam seed was held to soften bone, and the warning follows from that belief; it is also the only caution of its kind in the section.

Uigam 醫鑑 · Yuchwi 類聚

5.24 An Animal Bone Lodged 獸骨骾

5.24.1
Source원문

在咽不下, 象牙磨水嚥下, 梳笏皆可用. 《得效》 桑木上蟲屑, 米醋煎灌漱自下. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where it is lodged in the throat and will not go down, grind ivory in water and swallow it; a comb or a tablet of it will serve. Or take the borings of the wood-worm from a mulberry tree, decoct them in rice vinegar and rinse with it, and it goes down of itself.

Deukhyo 得效

5.24.2
Source원문

將狗倒吊起, 涎出盛椀, 徐徐嚥下, 其骨化爲水, 如神. 以狗善食諸骨也. 《回春》

Translation영역
Hang a dog up by the heels, catch the drool that comes out in a bowl and swallow it slowly, and the bone turns to water as if by a spirit — for a dog is good at eating all sorts of bones.
Clinical note임상 주석
以狗善食諸骨也 — because a dog is good at eating bones. The like-treats-like reasoning of 5.23.2 carried to its limit, and the Bogam gives the reason as though it settled the matter.

Hoechun 回春

5.24.3
Source원문

諸肉骨鯁, 鷄足一對燒灰, 水調服. 《類聚》 獸骨鯁, 虎骨爲末水調服, 狸骨亦可, 煮汁服亦佳. 《本草》 鷄骨魚骨鯁, 白梅肉槌成大丸子, 綿裹用線穿在內, 冷藥送下, 扯住線頭在手, 一嘔卽出. 《回春》

Translation영역
For a bone from any meat, burn a pair of fowl's feet to ash and take with water. For an animal bone, powder tiger bone and take with water; wildcat bone will serve, and its decoction is good too. For a fowl's or fish's bone, roll salted plum flesh into a large pellet, wrap it in cotton wool with a thread run through it, send it down with a cold draught, keep the end of the thread in the hand, and one retch brings it out.
Clinical note임상 주석
牽住線頭在手, 一嘔卽出 — hold the thread's end in the hand, and one retch brings it out. A pellet on a string, swallowed and pulled back. It is a real technique and the ancestor of the string-and-magnet method still used for swallowed metal. **Tiger bone is from a CITES Appendix I species and its trade is banned worldwide.**

Yuchwi 類聚 · Boncho 本草 · Hoechun 回春

5.24.1 The Method for Drawing Out a Lodged Bone 引鯁法

5.24.1.1
Source원문

鯁在咽不下, 聚牛筋或鹿筋漬之, 索緊令大如彈丸, 持筋端呑之, 候至鯁處徐徐引之, 鯁着筋卽出. 《本草》 又法, 綿絮一小塊以蜜煮, 用如上法卽出. 《得效》

Translation영역
For any bone lodged and not going down, and for wrapping throat wind, Jade Shavings Freedom from Care Powder is appropriate. Where a thing is lodged in the throat and will not go down, gather ox or deer sinew and soak it, twist it tight to the size of a bullet, swallow it holding the end of the sinew, and when it reaches the lodged thing draw it slowly back; the thing catches on the sinew and comes out. Another method: a small wad of cotton wool boiled in honey, used in the same way.

Boncho 本草 · Deukhyo 得效

5.24.1.2
Source원문

嚼薤白令柔, 以繩繫中呑, 薤到鯁處引之, 鯁卽隨出. 《本草》 一方用韭白如上法, 以茶嚥下引之亦出. 《醫鑑》 弓弦槌令頭散, 呑引之亦出. 《俗方》

Translation영역
Chew scallion white soft, tie a cord round its middle and swallow it; when it reaches the lodged thing draw it back and the thing comes out with it. Another way uses leek white in the same manner, swallowed with tea and drawn back. Or fray the end of a bowstring by beating it, swallow it and draw it back, and it comes out too.

Boncho 本草 · Uigam 醫鑑 · Sokbang 俗方

5.24.2 The Incantation Method 呪法

5.24.2.1
Source원문

治諸鯁不下, 以淨器盛新汲水一盞, 捧之面東默念云, 謹請太上東流順水, 急急如南方火帝律令勑. 一氣念七遍, 卽吹一口氣入水中, 如此七次, 以水與患人飮, 立下. 或云用此呪水可以食鍼幷竹刺. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
For anything lodged and not going down: put a cup of newly drawn water in a clean vessel, hold it facing east and recite silently — I respectfully summon the Most High's eastward-flowing water, urgently as by the statute of the Fire Emperor of the south — so be it. In one breath, recite it seven times and blow a breath into the water; do this seven times and give the water to the patient to drink, and it goes down at once. Some say that with this charmed water one may swallow needles and bamboo splinters.
Clinical note임상 주석
不必言 — say nothing about it. The charm requires the patient not to know it is being done, which the Bogam records without comment. A small bone that has scratched the throat and is already gone will seem to come free at whatever moment the patient stops attending to it.

Uigam 醫鑑

5.24.3 The Averting Method 禳法

5.24.3.1
Source원문

治鯁不下, 另取魚骨一根, 揷於患人頭髮內, 不必言, 須臾卽下. 《種杏》

Translation영역
For anything lodged and not going down: take another fish bone and stick it into the patient's hair without saying anything, and presently it goes down.

Jonghaeng 種杏

5.25 Things Swallowed by Mistake 誤呑諸物

5.25.1
Source원문

誤呑金銀物在腹中, 取水銀服之, 令消烊出也. 金見水銀則如泥, 故呑金銀物者服半兩卽消出. 《綱目》 《本草》

Translation영역
Where gold or silver has been swallowed and is in the belly, take quicksilver and it makes it dissolve and come away. Gold meeting quicksilver becomes like mud, so one who has swallowed gold or silver takes 5 don and it dissolves and comes out.
Clinical note임상 주석
金見水銀則如泥 — gold meeting quicksilver becomes like mud. Gold does amalgamate with mercury, and the observation is chemically sound; swallowing mercury to act on it is not. **Quicksilver is a lethal poison and must not be swallowed.**

Gangmok 綱目 · Boncho 本草

5.25.2
Source원문

誤呑金銀及銅錢, 縮砂濃煎湯飮之, 其銅自下. 又荸薺硏爛服之, 其銅自化. 又堅炭爲末米飮調服, 從大便瀉出如烏梅狀. 《入門》 誤呑銅錢鐵物, 荸薺恣食, 須臾自化去. 試將一錢幷荸薺四五枚同嚼, 其錢立碎. 《類聚》 多食胡桃其銅自爛. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where gold, silver or a copper coin has been swallowed, drink a thick decoction of amomum and the copper comes down of itself; or grind water chestnut soft and take it and the copper dissolves; or powder hard charcoal and take it in rice water, and it is purged out in the stool looking like a mume. Where a copper coin or an iron thing has been swallowed, eat water chestnut freely and presently it dissolves away — try chewing a coin together with four or five water chestnuts and the coin breaks up at once. Eating many walnuts makes the copper rot away of itself.

Immun 入門 · Yuchwi 類聚 · Hoechun 回春

5.25.3
Source원문

多食胡桃, 其銅自爛. 《回春》 胡粉一兩水調, 分再服亦出. 《本草》

Translation영역
Eat plenty of walnuts and the copper rots away of itself. Or 1 nyang of white lead stirred into water and taken in two doses, and it comes out too.
Clinical note임상 주석
**White lead is lead carbonate and is a poison; that one must not be prepared.** The walnuts are harmless and do nothing to a swallowed coin; what carries a coin through is the bulk the section relies on elsewhere — the sugar, the fat pork, the vegetable fibre.

Hoechun 回春 · Boncho 本草

5.25.4
Source원문

誤呑錢, 服煉蜜二升卽出. 又飴糖一斤漸漸盡食之便出. 誤呑環及釵者服之亦出. 《本草》 誤呑銀釵簪或竹木不得出, 多食白糖至數斤, 當裹物自出. 《類聚》 小兒呑錢不出, 煮葵汁冷飮卽出, 根葉子同功. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where a coin has been swallowed, take two seung of refined honey and it comes out; or eat a geun of malt sugar little by little until it is gone and it comes out; one who has swallowed a ring or a hairpin takes it likewise. Where a silver hairpin or a piece of bamboo or wood has been swallowed and will not come out, eat white sugar freely, several geun of it, and it wraps the thing and it comes out of itself. Where a child has swallowed a coin and it does not come out, boil mallow and drink the juice cold and it comes out; root, leaf and seed have the same effect.
Clinical note임상 주석
當裹物自出 — it wraps the thing and it comes out. Bulking the gut around a swallowed object so it passes is sound in principle, and it is what the chapter does over and over with honey, sugar, fat meat and vegetables.

Boncho 本草 · Yuchwi 類聚

5.25.5
Source원문

誤呑釵, 薤白暴令萎黃, 煮熟勿切, 食一大束, 釵卽隨出. 《本草》

Translation영역
For a hairpin swallowed by mistake: dry allium in the sun until it wilts yellow, boil it through without cutting it, and eat one large bundle, and the pin comes out with it.
Clinical note임상 주석
勿切 — do not cut it. The long uncut leaves are the point: a bolus of soft fibre long enough to wrap a sharp object and carry it through without the point engaging the bowel wall. The same reasoning runs through the section's other answers — sugar, fat pork, leek, vegetable — and it is still the advice for a swallowed sharp foreign body that has passed the stomach.

Boncho 本草

5.25.6
Source원문

誤呑鍼, 磁石如棗核大, 磨令光, 鑽作竅, 絲穿令含, 鍼自出. 《本草》 又方, 用蠶豆煮熟同韭菜喫之, 鍼與菜從大便而出. 一方用豌豆. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a needle has been swallowed: take a loadstone the size of a jujube stone, grind it smooth, bore a hole in it, thread it on silk and have the patient hold it in the mouth, and the needle comes out of itself. Another method: boil broad beans and eat them with leek, and the needle comes out in the stool with the vegetables.
Clinical note임상 주석
A magnet on a thread held in the mouth for a swallowed needle. It is the one method in these two sections that works on its own principle, and the string-and-magnet retrieval of swallowed metal is still done.

Boncho 本草 · Immun 入門

5.25.7
Source원문

誤呑釘幷箭鏃ㆍ鍼ㆍ錢等物, 多食猪羊肉肥脂, 必自裹出. 《本草》 誤呑銅鐵等物, 多食肥猪肉ㆍ葵菜自出. 《類聚》

Translation영역
Where a nail, an arrowhead, a needle, a coin or the like has been swallowed, eat plenty of fat pork or mutton and it will wrap it and bring it out. Where copper or iron has been swallowed, eat plenty of fat pork and mallow and it comes out of itself.

Boncho 本草 · Yuchwi 類聚

5.25.8
Source원문

誤呑竹木搶喉不下, 故鋸燒赤淬酒中, 熱飮之. 一法, 鐵斧磨水灌下亦效. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where a splinter of bamboo or wood swallowed by mistake lodges in the throat and will not go down: heat an old saw red and quench it in wine, and drink the wine hot. Another method: grind an iron axe in water and pour that down, which also works.

Boncho 本草

5.25.9
Source원문

誤呑鉤連線者, 莫引之. 急以珠璫或琥珀珠ㆍ水晶珠ㆍ薏苡子輩, 貫着線, 推至鉤處引之, 自出. 《類聚》

Translation영역
Where a hook with a line attached has been swallowed, do not pull on it. Quickly thread a bead — an earring bead, or amber, or crystal, or a coix seed — onto the line, push it down as far as the hook and then draw it, and it comes out of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
莫引之 — do not pull on it. A barbed hook pulled back the way it went in tears what it is caught in, and the bead pushed down the line to cover the barb is exactly the principle of the modern bead technique for a swallowed fish hook. The best piece of procedure in the chapter.

Yuchwi 類聚

5.25.10
Source원문

誤呑桃李哽喉不下, 狗頭煮湯摩頭上, 差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where a peach or plum swallowed by mistake sticks in the throat and will not go down: boil a dog's head for a broth and rub it on the head, and it mends.

Boncho 本草

5.25.11
Source원문

誤呑髮繞喉不出, 亂髮灰水調一錢服. 又舊木油梳燒爲末, 酒調服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Where swallowed hair has wound about the throat and will not come out: 1 don of ash of tangled hair stirred into water and taken. Or an old oiled wooden comb burnt to powder and taken stirred in wine.
Clinical note임상 주석
Hair for hair and a comb for hair, which is sympathetic reasoning of the plainest kind. A swallowed mass of hair is a trichobezoar, and nothing taken by mouth clears one.

Boncho 本草

5.26 Creatures Swallowed by Mistake 誤呑諸蟲

5.26.1
Source원문

誤呑蜈蚣在喉, 悶甚, 急取生猪血令病人吃, 須臾以淸油灌口中, 其蜈蚣滾在血中卽吐出. 繼以雄黃末水調服, 解其毒. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where a centipede has been swallowed and is in the throat and the oppression is severe, quickly take fresh pig's blood and have the patient drink it; presently pour clear oil into the mouth, and the centipede rolls itself up in the blood and is vomited out. Follow with powdered realgar stirred in water to resolve the toxin.

Gangmok 綱目

5.26.2
Source원문

誤呑水蛭入腹, 久必生育, 食人肝血, 腹痛不可忍, 面目黃瘦, 能令人死. 用田中乾泥一小塊ㆍ小死魚三四箇, 將猪脂熔勻, 用巴豆十枚去皮硏爛入泥內爲丸菉豆大, 用田中冷水呑下十丸, 須臾大小水蛭皆下. 却以四物湯方見血門加黃芪煎服調補. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where a leech has been swallowed and got into the belly, in time it will breed and eat the person's liver blood, with unbearable abdominal pain and the face and eyes sallow and wasted, and it can kill. Take a small lump of dried mud from a paddy field and three or four small dead fish, melt lard evenly with them, add ten croton kernels skinned and ground soft, work it into the mud and make pills the size of a mung bean; swallow ten with cold water from the field, and presently all the leeches great and small come down. Then take Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with astragalus added, decocted, to regulate and supplement.

Immun 入門

5.26.3
Source원문

水蛭入腹, 濃茶多服自下. 《種杏》 誤呑水蛭, 宜食蜜卽化爲水. 又田中泥作丸櫻桃大, 白水和下一丸, 蛭卽下. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where a leech has got into the belly, take strong tea freely and it comes down of itself. Where a leech has been swallowed, eat honey and it turns to water. Or make a pellet of paddy mud the size of a cherry and take it down with plain water, and the leech comes down.
Clinical note임상 주석
Honey dissolving a leech is the one part of this that has something behind it: a leech exposed to concentrated sugar loses water and detaches. The chapter reaches the right measure by the wrong route.

Jonghaeng 種杏 · Hoechun 回春

5.27 Simple Medicinals 單方

5.27.1
Source원문

凡二十八種. 有聖烟筒ㆍ吹喉散.

Translation영역
Twenty-eight kinds in all. Among them are Sagely Smoke Tube and Blow Into the Throat Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two compound preparations counted among the simple medicinals because each is built on one of them and given under it. 聖烟筒 — castor seed pounded, rolled in paper and the smoke drawn in — is the only inhaled preparation in the chapter.

Donguibogam · Inhu

5.27.2
Source원문

白礬 治咽喉閉. 明白礬末一錢ㆍ巴豆肉一粒, 同熬乾, 取礬爲末, 吹入喉中, 涎出自愈. 《直指》 ○纏喉風, 白礬末半錢ㆍ烏鷄子淸一箇, 調勻灌入喉中, 立效如神. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Alum (白礬): Treats closure of the throat. Powdered clear alum 1 don and one croton kernel, parched dry together; take the alum, powder it and blow it into the throat, and when the drool comes out it heals of itself. ○ For the wound-round throat wind: powdered alum half a don and the white of one black hen's egg, stirred evenly and poured into the throat — it takes effect at once, as if by a spirit.
Clinical note임상 주석
The croton is a heat-transfer medium and is discarded, as in the 川練子 entry of the 前陰 chapter. 纏喉風, the wind that winds round the throat, is a spreading infection of the neck — a peritonsillar abscess, Ludwig's angina, or a deep neck space infection — and it kills by obstructing the airway. 咽喉閉, closure of the throat, is the same emergency. Pouring anything into the throat of a patient who cannot swallow risks aspiration, and nothing blown into the pharynx will open an obstructed airway. These are conditions for which modern care — antibiotics, drainage, and an airway secured before it closes — is the difference between living and dying, and this whole section should be read with that in mind.

Jikji 直指 · Gangmok 綱目

5.27.3
Source원문

朴硝 治喉痺神驗. 含口中細細嚥汁, 立差. 馬牙硝ㆍ熖硝同功. 《本草》 ○咽中瘡腫, 朴硝一錢ㆍ萆麻子 去皮 一粒, 同硏, 新水和服, 卽效. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Crude mirabilite (朴硝): Treats throat impediment and is miraculously proven. Hold it in the mouth and swallow the liquid little by little, and it is cured at once. Mirabilite and saltpetre have the same power. ○ For sores and swelling within the throat: crude mirabilite 1 don and one castor bean with the skin off, ground together and taken mixed with fresh water — it takes effect at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
細細嚥汁, swallowing the liquid little by little, is the right instruction for a painful throat: small sips of a cool saline solution, held and swallowed slowly. The castor bean in the second method is not to be taken internally — castor seed contains ricin.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

5.27.4
Source원문

鵬砂 治咽喉痺, 最爲要切. 含化嚥津. 《本草》 ○治糓賊, 鵬砂ㆍ馬牙硝 等分爲末, 綿裹半錢, 含嚥汁. 《直指》

Translation영역
Borax (鵬砂): Treats throat impediment and is the most essential of all for it. Let it dissolve in the mouth and swallow the saliva. ○ To treat the grain thief: borax and mirabilite in equal parts, powdered, half a don wrapped in cotton wool, held in the mouth and the liquid swallowed.
Clinical note임상 주석
含化嚥津, letting it dissolve in the mouth and swallowing the saliva, is a lozenge, and borax is still the basis of throat lozenges in East Asian pharmacy. 糓賊, the grain thief, is the chapter's name for a husk or awn lodged in the throat; the wrapped powder both soothes and increases salivation, which is how a lodged husk is washed down.

Boncho 本草 · Jikji 直指

5.27.5
Source원문

升麻 治咽喉痺痛. 剉煎取汁含之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cimicifuga (升麻): Treats throat impediment with pain. Cut it up, decoct it, take the liquid and hold it in the mouth.

Boncho 本草

5.27.6
Source원문

馬藺根 治喉閉垂苑. 取根擣絞取汁, 稍稍嚥之. 口噤者灌下. 葉及子同功: 子則取四十九枚爲末, 水調服; 葉則取二兩, 水煎服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Iris root (馬藺根): Treats closure of the throat with the patient at the point of death. Take the root, pound it and press out the juice, and have the patient swallow it a little at a time. If the jaw is clenched, pour it in. The leaves and seeds have the same power: of the seeds take forty-nine, powder them and take stirred into water; of the leaves take 2 nyang, decoct in water and take.

Boncho 本草

5.27.7
Source원문

牛蒡子 治喉痺. 取子一合, 半生半炒爲末, 熱酒調下一錢. 又牛蒡子六分ㆍ馬藺子八分, 爲末, 煖水調一錢服, 立差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Burdock seed (牛蒡子): Treats throat impediment. Take 1 hop of the seed, half raw and half parched, powdered, and take 1 don stirred into hot wine. Or burdock seed 6 pun and iris seed 8 pun, powdered, 1 don taken stirred into warm water, and it is cured at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
Burdock seed is the chapter's chief internal drug for a sore throat and is the principal medicinal of 牛蒡湯 and of 普濟消毒飮, the standard formula for a swollen inflamed throat. The half-raw, half-parched preparation is the same compromise used for the morning glory seed and the chebula elsewhere.

Boncho 本草

5.27.8
Source원문

䓀莄 療咽喉痛及喉痺. 䓀莄ㆍ甘草 等分, 水煎細呷之. ○喉痺深腫連頰ㆍ吐氣數者, 名馬喉痺, 取二兩剉, 水三升, 煎至一升, 分三服. 《本草》

Translation영역
Platycodon (䓀莄): Cures pain of the throat and throat impediment. Platycodon and licorice in equal parts, decocted in water and sipped slowly. ○ Where the throat impediment swells deep and runs to the cheek and the breath comes fast, it is called the horse throat impediment: take 2 nyang, cut up, with 3 seung of water decocted down to 1 seung, and take in three doses.
Clinical note임상 주석
Platycodon with licorice is 桔梗湯 of the Shanghanlun, two drugs, and it remains the base formula for a sore throat throughout East Asian practice. 馬喉痺, the horse throat impediment — swelling that runs deep and out to the cheek, with the breath coming fast — is a deep neck infection with the start of airway compromise. 吐氣數, the breath coming fast, is the sign to act on, and the action needed is an airway and intravenous antibiotics.

Boncho 本草

5.27.9
Source원문

射干 主喉閉水漿不入. 採根擣取汁, 細呷之, 治喉痺最捷. 或釅醋同硏取汁, 噙引出涎更妙. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Belamcanda (射干): Governs closure of the throat with neither water nor gruel going down. Gather the root, pound it and take the juice, sipping it slowly; for treating throat impediment it is the quickest of all. Or grind it with strong vinegar and take the liquid, holding it in the mouth to draw the drool out — better still.
Clinical note임상 주석
水漿不入, not even water or gruel going down, is complete dysphagia, and it is the point at which a patient becomes unable to keep up with their own saliva. Belamcanda is the corpus's most used drug for a swollen throat and is the chief medicinal of 射干湯; the vinegar preparation is an expectorant manoeuvre, drawing saliva to clear the pharynx.

Dansim 丹心

5.27.10
Source원문

萆麻子 治喉痺及咽腫生瘡. 取子去皮一箇ㆍ朴硝一錢, 新水同硏服, 連進卽效. 《丹心》 ○又法, 萆麻子取肉槌碎, 紙捲作筒, 燒烟吸之, 治喉痺, 名聖烟筒. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Castor bean (萆麻子): Treats throat impediment and a swollen throat with sores breaking out. Take one bean with the skin off and 1 don of crude mirabilite, ground together and taken with fresh water; taken in succession it takes effect at once. ○ Another method: take the castor kernel, crush it, roll it in paper to make a tube, burn it and inhale the smoke; this treats throat impediment and is called Seongyeon-tong 聖烟筒, the Sagely Smoke Tube.
Clinical note임상 주석
**The bean is not to be taken internally.** Castor seed contains ricin and a few chewed seeds can kill; the corpus uses it externally. 聖烟筒 is named in the chapter's summary as one of this section's two formulas, and inhaling smoke into an already inflamed and narrowing airway is the opposite of what it needs.

Dansim 丹心 · Jeongjeon 正傳

5.27.11
Source원문

馬勃 治喉閉咽痛. 以蜜揉拌小, 以水調呷. 《本草》 ○又同白礬等分爲末, 以蛾翎管吹入喉中, 吐痰妙. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Puffball (馬勃): Treats closure of the throat and pain in the throat. Rub and mix a little of it with honey, stir it into water and sip. ○ Or powder it with an equal part of alum and blow it into the throat through a quill, and it brings up the phlegm — excellent.
Clinical note임상 주석
Puffball spores are a traditional haemostatic dusting powder and the drug survives in the Chinese pharmacopoeia for sore throat and bleeding. The quill as an insufflator is good apparatus; blowing powder into an inflamed pharynx is nevertheless a way to provoke laryngospasm.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

5.27.12
Source원문

皂莢 治急喉閉. 槌碎去皮子, 挼水一盞灌下, 或吐或不吐卽安. 《得效》

Translation영역
Soap-pod (皂莢): Treats an acute closure of the throat. Crush it, remove the skin and seeds, rub it into a cup of water and pour it down; whether the patient vomits or not, they are at ease.

Deukhyo 得效

5.27.13
Source원문

蠡魚膽 治急喉閉. 取少許點患處, 藥至卽差. 病深則水調灌之. 臘月收者佳. 《本草》

Translation영역
Snakehead fish gall (蠡魚膽): Treats an acute closure of the throat. Take a little and dab it on the affected part, and the moment the medicine reaches it the patient is cured. If the disease is deep, stir it into water and pour it in. The gall collected in the twelfth month is the good one.

Boncho 本草

5.27.14
Source원문

壁錢 治喉痺ㆍ雙乳蛾. 壁錢窩一箇, 取患者腦後髮拔一根, 纏定錢窩, 燈上以銀簪挑而燒之, 存性爲末, 吹入患處, 立消. 《回春》 ○又壁錢燒存性ㆍ白礬枯ㆍ髮灰 等分爲末, 吹入喉中, 治喉閉, 名吹喉散. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Wall spider (壁錢): Treats throat impediment and the paired silkworm moths. One wall-spider's nest; pull a single hair from the back of the patient's head and wind it round the nest to fasten it, lift it on a silver pin over a lamp and burn it with its nature retained, powder it and blow it into the affected part, and the swelling goes down at once. ○ Or wall spider burnt with its nature retained, calcined alum and hair ash in equal parts, powdered and blown into the throat; this treats closure of the throat and is called Chwihu-san 吹喉散, Blow into the Throat Powder.
Clinical note임상 주석
雙乳蛾, the paired silkworm moths, is bilateral tonsillar enlargement — the swollen tonsils sitting on either side of the pharynx like two moths — and 單乳蛾 is the unilateral form, which in an adult with trismus and a deviated uvula is a peritonsillar abscess needing drainage. The patient's own hair wound round the nest is a piece of sympathetic attachment, and 吹喉散 is the second of this section's two named formulas.

Hoechun 回春 · Uigam 醫鑑

5.27.15
Source원문

蠐螬 治喉痺. 取汁點在喉中, 卽喉開. 《本草》

Translation영역
Beetle grub (蠐螬): Treats throat impediment. Take the juice and dab it in the throat, and the throat opens at once.

Boncho 本草

5.27.16
Source원문

蛇蛻 治喉閉. 燒爲末, 吹入喉中. ○治纏喉風氣不通, 蛇蛻灸黃ㆍ當歸 等分爲末, 酒服一錢, 愈. 《本草》

Translation영역
Snake slough (蛇蛻): Treats closure of the throat. Burn it to a powder and blow it into the throat. ○ To treat the wound-round throat wind with the breath not passing: snake slough roasted yellow and angelica in equal parts, powdered, 1 don taken in wine, and it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
氣不通, the breath not passing, is the end point of 纏喉風 and is a surgical airway emergency. Nothing in this entry addresses it.

Boncho 本草

5.27.17
Source원문

蚯蚓 治喉閉. 取汁呑之, 咽喉卽開. 《本草》

Translation영역
Earthworm (蚯蚓): Treats closure of the throat. Take the juice and swallow it, and the throat opens at once.

Boncho 本草

5.27.18
Source원문

白殭蚕 治急喉閉. 爲細末, 薑汁調灌下, 立愈. 《本草》 ○又殭蚕炒ㆍ白礬生 等分爲末, 白梅肉和丸皂子大, 綿裹含化, 熱汁差. 《直指》

Translation영역
Silkworm (白殭蚕): Treats an acute closure of the throat. Powder it fine, stir it into ginger juice and pour it down, and it heals at once. ○ Or silkworm parched and raw alum in equal parts, powdered, made into pills the size of a soap-pod seed with white plum flesh, wrapped in cotton wool and let dissolve in the mouth, and the hot liquid cures it.
Clinical note임상 주석
The second method is well made: a lozenge of an astringent and a salivating sour fruit, wrapped so that it can be held against the swelling and taken out, with nothing to swallow and nothing to inhale. Of all the methods in this section it is the one that could be given safely to a patient with a narrowed throat.

Boncho 本草 · Jikji 直指

5.27.19
Source원문

螻蛄 治咽喉哽噎, 又治諸物骾不下. 取腦呑之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mole cricket (螻蛄): Treats a choking blockage in the throat, and also any object stuck and not going down. Take the brain and swallow it.

Boncho 本草

5.27.20
Source원문

石蟹 治咽喉腫塞. 擣絞取汁灌之, 卽開. 《本草》

Translation영역
Fossil crab (石蟹): Treats a throat swollen and blocked. Pound it, press out the liquid and pour it in, and it opens at once.

Boncho 本草

5.27.21
Source원문

雄雀糞 治咽喉閉塞ㆍ口噤. 取糞細硏, 溫水調灌半錢. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cock sparrow's droppings (雄雀糞): Treat a throat closed and blocked with the jaw clenched. Take the droppings, grind them fine, and pour in half a don stirred into warm water.

Boncho 本草

5.27.22
Source원문

鷄子 開咽喉, 又治咽喉塞. 生鷄卵一枚, 去黃留白, 着米醋, 煻火沸起, 就熱飮, 醋盡一二次卽差. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Hen's egg (鷄子): Opens the throat, and also treats a blocked throat. One fresh hen's egg, the yolk discarded and the white kept, put into rice vinegar and brought to a boil over embers; drink it while hot, and when the vinegar is finished, in one or two goes, it is cured.

Gangmok 綱目

5.27.23
Source원문

瓠花上飛蛾 治咽喉腫痛閉塞. 燒爲末, 吹入喉中, 神效. 《俗方》

Translation영역
The moth on the gourd flower (瓠花上飛蛾): Treats a throat swollen, painful and blocked. Burn it to a powder and blow it into the throat — miraculously effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
A 俗方, one of the Bogam's own Korean entries, and the name is the whole of it: the moth that comes to the bottle-gourd flower at dusk. 乳蛾, the silkworm moth, is the chapter's name for a swollen tonsil, so a moth is given for the moth-shaped swelling — the name treating the name.

Sokbang 俗方

5.27.24
Source원문

梨汁 治喉痺熱痛. 上好消梨杵取汁, 頻飮之, 多服爲良. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Pear juice (梨汁): Treats throat impediment with hot pain. Take the best juicy pears, pound them for the juice, and drink it frequently; taking plenty is good.
Clinical note임상 주석
Cold pear juice taken freely and often, for a hot painful throat — this is the best advice in the section. Fluid, cold, sweet and taken in quantity is what a patient with odynophagia needs, and it is what is still recommended.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.27.25
Source원문

蘿蔔汁 治喉痺水糓不下. 取汁徐徐嚥之, 卽愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Radish juice (蘿蔔汁): Treats throat impediment with neither water nor grain going down. Take the juice and swallow it slowly, and it heals.

Gangmok 綱目

5.27.26
Source원문

飴糖 治魚骨鯁不下. 作丸如鷄子黃大, 呑之. 若不下, 大作丸嚼下之爲妙. 《本草》

Translation영역
Malt sugar (飴糖): Treats a fish bone stuck and not going down. Make a ball the size of an egg yolk and swallow it. If it does not go down, make a larger ball and chew it down — excellent.
Clinical note임상 주석
Swallowing a soft bolus to carry a fish bone down is an old domestic remedy and it is now advised against: the bolus can impact above the bone, it makes endoscopy harder, and a bone pushed further down can perforate the oesophagus. A fish bone that will not clear needs looking at.

Boncho 本草

5.27.27
Source원문

米醋 斂咽瘡, 治喉痺. 用好醋噙漱, 吐痰爲妙. 《回春》

Translation영역
Rice vinegar (米醋): Draws together the sores of the throat and treats throat impediment. Use good vinegar as a gargle and rinse, and bringing up the phlegm is excellent.

Hoechun 回春

5.27.28
Source원문

大麥麪 治纏喉風食不能下. 取麪作稀粥, 令嚥之, 旣滑膩容易下咽, 以助胃氣. 《本草》

Translation영역
Barley flour (大麥麪): Treats the wound-round throat wind with food unable to go down. Take the flour and make a thin gruel and have the patient swallow it; being slippery and smooth it goes down the throat easily, and so it assists the stomach qi.
Clinical note임상 주석
旣滑膩容易下咽, 以助胃氣 — being slippery and smooth it goes down easily, and so it assists the stomach qi. This is nursing rather than medicine, and it is the most sensible entry in the section: a patient who cannot swallow solids is given a thin slippery gruel so that they can be fed at all. The modern equivalent is a texture-modified diet, and the reasoning given for it here is exactly the modern one.

Boncho 本草

5.27.29
Source원문

脂麻 治糓賊. 炒爲末, 湯點服之. 《直指》

Translation영역
Sesame (脂麻): Treats the grain thief. Parch it, powder it, infuse it in hot water and take.
Clinical note임상 주석
The section closes on 糓賊, the grain thief — a husk or an awn caught in the throat, named for the grain that turns on the one who eats it. It is the lightest complaint in a chapter whose other entries are airway emergencies, and sesame powder in hot water is a reasonable thing for it.

Jikji 直指

5.28 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 鍼灸法

5.28.1
Source원문

喉閉, 少商ㆍ合谷ㆍ尺澤, 皆鍼之. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For throat closure, needle Sosang (少商, LU11), Hapgok (合谷, LI4) and Cheokaek (尺澤, LU5), all of them.

Dansim 丹心

5.28.2
Source원문

喉痺因惡血不散故也, 砭出惡血最爲上策. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Throat impediment is because malign blood has not dispersed, and lancing out the malign blood is the best course of all.
Clinical note임상 주석
砭 is the stone lancet, and the Gangmok's reasoning is the same as 5.19's: the swelling is blood that has to be let out. Draining a peritonsillar abscess is the modern form of the same judgement.

Gangmok 綱目

5.28.3
Source원문

咽喉腫痺, 鍼風府主咽喉諸病及毒氣歸心等項惡證, 無不效. 又鍼少商, 咽喉腫痛皆治之. 又鍼合谷. 又鍼上星, 治頰腫ㆍ纏喉風等證. 又鍼足三里. 《得效》

Translation영역
For swelling and impediment of the throat, needling Pungbu (風府, GV16) governs all the throat's diseases and such malign conditions as toxic qi returning to the heart, and it never fails. Needle Sosang (少商, LU11) too, which treats all swelling and pain of the throat. Needle Hapgok (合谷, LI4) too. Needle Sangseong (上星, GV23) too, which treats swollen cheeks and wrapping throat wind. Needle Jok-samni (足三里, ST36) too.

Deukhyo 得效

5.28.4
Source원문

喉痺, 刺手少陰, 卽神門穴. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For throat impediment, needle the hand lesser yin — that is, Sinmun (神門, HT7).

Gangmok 綱目

5.28.5
Source원문

喉閉, 刺手足少陽井, 卽關衝ㆍ竅陰. 《東垣》

Translation영역
For throat closure, needle the well points of the hand and foot lesser yang — that is, Gwanchung (關衝, TE1) and Gyoeum (竅陰, GB44).

Dongwon 東垣

5.28.6
Source원문

喉痺ㆍ乳蛾, 取少商ㆍ照海ㆍ太衝. 《東垣》

Translation영역
For throat impediment and the moth, take Sosang (少商, LU11), Johae (照海, KI6) and Taechung (太衝, LR3).

Dongwon 東垣

5.28.7
Source원문

咽喉閉塞, 取照海. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
For blockage of the throat, take Johae (照海, KI6).

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.28.8
Source원문

牙關不開, 取陽靈穴出血卽愈. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the jaw will not open, bleed Yangnyeong (陽靈) and it heals.

Deukhyo 得效

5.28.9
Source원문

喉痺, 取豊隆ㆍ湧泉ㆍ關衝ㆍ少商ㆍ隱白ㆍ少衝. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For throat impediment, take Pungnyung (豊隆, ST40), Yongcheon (湧泉, KI1), Gwanchung (關衝, TE1), Sosang (少商, LU11), Eunbaek (隱白, SP1) and Sochung (少衝, HT9).

Gangmok 綱目

5.28.10
Source원문

累年喉痺, 男左女右手大指甲第一節, 灸二三小壯. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For throat impediment of many years, moxa two or three small cones on the first joint of the thumbnail — the left hand in a man, the right in a woman.

Dansim 丹心

5.28.11
Source원문

根脚咽喉常發者, 耳垂珠下半寸近腮骨灸七壯, 二七尤妙. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the throat breaks out again and again from a settled root, moxa seven cones half a chon below the lobe of the ear, close to the jawbone; fourteen is better still.
Clinical note임상 주석
耳垂珠下半寸近腮骨 — half an inch below the earlobe at the jaw, which is over the tonsillar region and the angle of the mandible. The indication, 根脚 — a settled root, meaning recurrence — is recurrent tonsillitis.

Deukhyo 得效

5.28.12
Source원문

足陽明之別, 名曰豊隆. 其病氣逆則喉痺卒瘖, 宜取之. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The connecting vessel of the foot yang brightness is named Pungnyung (豊隆, ST40). When its disease is qi counterflow there is throat impediment and sudden loss of voice, and it should be taken.

Yeongchu 靈樞

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Outer Form, Volume 2, Throat chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.