寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

Mouth and Tongue

Guseol

한글 구설  ·  Pinyin Kou She

The jade pool and the spirit root — a taste in the mouth read back to its viscus, the coating on the tongue as a map of a fever, and a severed tongue tip bound up in eggshell membrane

口舌

The mouth is the jade pool and the tongue the spirit root, and the chapter divides them: the tongue is the heart's sprout and the lips and mouth are the spleen's. From that comes its best section, on taste. A sour mouth is the liver's, bitter the gallbladder's, sweet the spleen's, acrid the lung's and salt the kidney's — and beyond the five, the Deukhyo adds a working list: heat tastes bitter and cold salt, food held overnight tastes sour, vexation rough, vacuity bland, jaundice sweet. Foul breath is stomach heat, and one case has a man whose breath cleared the room and was treated by vomiting and purging on the same day. Mouth ulcers get a section of their own and a whole armoury of lozenges and powders, with the chapter's own caution attached: a sore that will not heal after cooling medicines is not fire but vacuity, and should be warmed. The tongue coating is read at length as a fever's map — white and slippery early, dry and rough as the heat burns the fluid away, yellow when it reaches the stomach, black at the worst. It ends practically: a tongue swollen enough to block the mouth is bled, a tongue bitten through is bound in eggshell membrane and honeyed beeswax for seven days, and for a child's mouth sores the medicine goes on the soles of the feet.

3.1 The Mouth Is Called the Jade Pool 口曰玉池

3.1.1
Source원문

黃庭經曰, 玉池淸水灌靈根. 註曰, 玉池者口也, 淸水者津液也, 靈根者舌也.

Translation영역
The Yellow Court Classic says: the clear water of the jade pool waters the spirit root. The commentary says: the jade pool is the mouth, the clear water the fluids, and the spirit root the tongue.

Hwangjeonggyeong 黃庭經

3.2 The Tongue Belongs to the Heart 舌屬心

3.2.1
Source원문

內經曰, 心在竅爲舌. 又曰, 心氣通於舌, 心和則舌能知五味矣. 舌者心之苗也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The Neijing says: the heart in orifices is the tongue. It also says: the heart qi passes through to the tongue, and when the heart is harmonious the tongue can know the five flavours. The tongue is the heart's sprout.

Naegyeong 內經 · Immun 入門

3.2.2
Source원문

舌爲心之官, 主嘗五味以布五藏焉. 心之本脉繫於舌根, 脾之絡脉繫於舌傍, 肝脉循陰器絡於舌本, 腎之津液出於舌端, 分布五藏, 心實主之. 三經爲四氣所中則舌卷不能言, 七情氣鬱則舌腫不能語. 至如心熱則舌破生瘡, 肝壅則出血如涌, 脾閉則白胎如雪, 此舌之爲病也. 《得效》

Translation영역
The tongue is the heart's office, and governs tasting the five flavours and spreading them to the five viscera. The heart's own vessel ties to the root of the tongue, the spleen's network vessel to its sides, the liver's channel follows the genitals and networks at its root, and the kidney's fluid issues at its tip; they distribute among the five viscera, and the heart truly governs it. Where the three channels are struck by the four qi, the tongue curls and cannot speak; where the seven affects depress the qi, the tongue swells and cannot talk. As for the rest: where the heart is hot the tongue breaks and raises sores; where the liver is congested, blood comes out as from a spring; where the spleen is blocked, a white coating like snow — such are the tongue's diseases.
Clinical note임상 주석
Four viscera at four parts of one tongue, and each with its own failure. It is the fullest statement in the Bogam of why the tongue is examined, and the Pulse chapter's 9.3.1 makes the same argument for reading the face alongside the wrist.

Deukhyo 得效

3.3 Mouth and Lips Belong to the Spleen 口唇屬脾

3.3.1
Source원문

內經曰, 中央黃色入通於脾, 開竅於口, 故病在舌本. 又曰, 脾主口. 又曰, 脾在竅爲口. ○難經曰, 脾氣通於口, 脾和則能知五味矣.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: the yellow colour of the centre enters and communicates with the spleen, and opens its orifice at the mouth. It also says: the spleen governs the mouth. The Nanjing says: the spleen qi passes through to the mouth, and when the spleen is harmonious one can know the five flavours.

Naegyeong 內經 · Nangyeong 難經

3.3.2
Source원문

心主舌, 脾主唇口, 心脾二氣恒相通也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The heart governs the tongue and the spleen the lips and mouth, and the qi of the two are always in communication.

Immun 入門

3.3.3
Source원문

唇屬脾, 風則瞤動, 寒則掀縮, 熱則乾裂, 血虛則無色, 氣鬱則瘡腫. 唇有病則隨證以治脾可也. 《入門》

Translation영역
The lips belong to the spleen: with wind they twitch, with cold they draw tight, with heat they dry and crack, with blood vacuity they have no colour, with depressed qi they sore and swell. Where the lips are diseased, treat the spleen according to the pattern.
Clinical note임상 주석
Five states of one lip and a cause for each. The list is serviceable as it stands — pale lips for anaemia, cracked lips for dehydration or heat — and the chapter's lip formulas follow it exactly.

Immun 入門

3.3.4
Source원문

六府之華在唇四白. 《內經》

Translation영역
The flowering of the six bowels is in the white round the lips.

Naegyeong 內經

3.4 The Pulse 脉法

3.4.1
Source원문

左寸洪數, 心熱口苦; 右寸浮數, 肺熱口辛; 左關弦數, 膽虛口苦, 洪實則肝熱口酸; 右關沈實, 脾熱口甘, 洪數則口瘡, 或爲重舌木舌. 《脉訣》

Translation영역
Left inch surging and rapid: heart heat with a bitter mouth. Right inch floating and rapid: lung heat with an acrid mouth. Left bar stringlike and rapid: gallbladder vacuity with a bitter mouth; surging and replete, liver heat with a sour mouth. Right bar sunken and replete: spleen heat with a sweet mouth; surging and rapid, mouth sores, or double tongue and wooden tongue.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

3.4.2
Source원문

口舌生瘡, 脉洪疾速; 若見脉虛, 中氣不足. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where sores arise on mouth and tongue the pulse is surging and swift; where an empty pulse is seen, the centre qi is insufficient.
Clinical note임상 주석
The second half is the one to remember, and 3.8's last passage turns it into a rule: an ulcer with a weak pulse is not fire, and cooling it will not close it.

Hoechun 回春

3.5 Mouth and Tongue Govern the Five Flavours 口舌主五味

3.5.1
Source원문

心氣通於舌, 能知五味; 脾氣通於口, 亦能知五穀之味.

Translation영역
The heart qi passes through to the tongue and can know the five flavours; the spleen qi passes through to the mouth and can know the flavours of the five grains.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.5.2
Source원문

口之味, 熱勝則苦, 寒勝則鹹, 宿食則酸, 煩躁則澁, 虛則淡, 疸則甘, 勞鬱則口臭, 凝滯則生瘡. 口之津液通乎五藏, 藏氣偏勝則味應乎口. 《得效》

Translation영역
As to the taste in the mouth: where heat prevails it is bitter, where cold prevails salt; with food held overnight, sour; with vexed restlessness, rough; with vacuity, bland; with jaundice, sweet; with taxation and depression the mouth stinks; with congealing and stagnation, sores arise. The fluids of the mouth communicate with the five viscera, and where one viscus's qi prevails, the taste answers in the mouth.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eight tastes and eight causes, and more usable than the five-viscera scheme it sits beside. A bland mouth in a weak patient, a sour one after a heavy meal and a sweet one in jaundice are all things a clinician still hears.

Deukhyo 得效

3.5.3
Source원문

傷胃陽虛則口中無味, 傷腎陰虛則口中有味. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the stomach is damaged and the yang vacuous, there is no taste in the mouth; where the kidney is damaged and the yin vacuous, there is a taste in it.

Immun 入門

3.5.4
Source원문

龍腦鷄蘇元治胃熱口臭ㆍ肺熱喉腥ㆍ脾熱口甛ㆍ膽熱口苦ㆍ肝熱口酸及胸中鬱熱等證方見血門.

Translation영역
Borneol and Perilla Pill treats stomach heat with foul breath, lung heat with a rank throat, spleen heat with a sweet mouth, gallbladder heat with a bitter mouth, liver heat with a sour mouth, and depressed heat in the chest formula in the Blood chapter.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.5.1 A Sour Mouth 口酸

3.5.1.1
Source원문

肝熱則口酸, 木乘脾口亦酸. 小柴胡湯方見寒門加草龍膽ㆍ靑皮, 甚者宜當歸龍薈丸方見五藏. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the liver is hot the mouth is sour; and where wood overwhelms the spleen the mouth is likewise sour. Minor Bupleurum Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter with gentian and green tangerine peel added; in severe cases Angelica, Gentian and Aloe Pill formula in the Five Viscera chapter.

Immun 入門

3.5.2 A Bitter Mouth 口苦

3.5.2.1
Source원문

心熱則口苦, 或生瘡, 宜凉膈散方見火門ㆍ瀉心湯方見五藏. 肝移熱於膽則口亦苦, 宜小柴胡湯加麥門冬ㆍ酸棗仁ㆍ地骨皮ㆍ遠志. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where the heart is hot the mouth is bitter, or sores arise: Cool the Diaphragm Powder formula in the Fire chapter and Drain the Heart Decoction formula in the Five Viscera chapter. Where the liver shifts heat to the gallbladder the mouth is likewise bitter: Minor Bupleurum Decoction with ophiopogon, jujube kernel, lycium root bark and polygala added.

Dansim 丹心

3.5.2.2
Source원문

內經曰, 有病口苦者名曰膽癉. 此人數謀慮不決, 故膽虛氣上溢而口爲之苦. 又曰, 肝氣熱則膽泄口苦, 筋膜乾. 釋曰, 肝主謀慮, 膽主決斷, 盛汁三合. 膽或不決爲之急怒, 則氣上逆, 膽汁上溢, 故口苦. 宜龍膽瀉肝湯主之. 《綱目》

Translation영역
The Neijing says: one who suffers a bitter mouth has what is named gallbladder pure-heat. Such a person deliberates often and cannot decide, so the gallbladder is vacuous and its qi overflows upward and makes the mouth bitter. It also says: where the liver qi is hot the gallbladder discharges, the mouth is bitter and the sinews and membranes dry. The explanation: the liver governs planning and the gallbladder decision, and holds three hop of fluid; where the gallbladder cannot decide and grows suddenly angry, the qi counterflows upward and the gallbladder's fluid overflows, and hence the bitter mouth. Gentian Drain the Liver Decoction should govern it.
Clinical note임상 주석
盛汁三合 — it holds three hop of fluid, about 180 millilitres, which is close to the gallbladder's actual capacity. The Gallbladder chapter's 7.3 gives the same measure, and a bitter taste from bile reaching the mouth is a real complaint.

Gangmok 綱目

3.5.2.3
Source원문

口苦宜益膽湯. 《正傳》

Translation영역
For a bitter mouth, Boost the Gallbladder Decoction is appropriate.

Jeongjeon 正傳

3.5.3 A Sweet Mouth 口甘

3.5.3.1
Source원문

脾熱則口甘或臭, 宜瀉黃散方見五藏ㆍ三黃湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the spleen is hot the mouth is sweet or foul: Drain the Yellow Powder formula in the Five Viscera chapter and Three Yellows Decoction.

Immun 入門

3.5.3.2
Source원문

內經曰, 有病口甘者, 病名爲何. 此五氣之溢, 名曰脾癉. 癉者熱也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: one who suffers a sweet mouth — what is the disease named? It is the overflowing of the five qi, and is named spleen pure-heat. 癉 means heat.
Clinical note임상 주석
脾癉 — spleen pure-heat, which the Suwen elsewhere says turns into wasting thirst if it goes on. A persistently sweet taste in the mouth is one of the oldest recorded signs of what became diabetes, and the Suwen's next line is that it comes of rich, fat food.

Naegyeong 內經

3.5.3.3
Source원문

胃熱則口甘, 胃虛則口淡. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the stomach is hot the mouth is sweet; where the stomach is vacuous the mouth is bland.

Immun 入門

3.5.4 An Acrid Mouth 口辛

3.5.4.1
Source원문

肺熱則口辛, 宜甘桔湯方見咽喉ㆍ瀉白散方見五藏. 肺熱喉腥, 宜服加減瀉白散.

Translation영역
Where the lung is hot the mouth is acrid: Licorice and Platycodon Decoction formula in the Throat chapter and Drain the White Powder formula in the Five Viscera chapter. For lung heat with a rank throat, Modified Drain the White Powder should be taken.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.5.4.2
Source원문

一人膏粱喜飮, 因勞心過度, 肺氣有傷, 以致氣出腥臭, 唾稠粘, 口苦舌乾, 服此而愈. 《寶鑑》

Translation영역
A man of rich living who liked to drink, from overtaxing his mind, damaged the lung qi, so that his breath came out rank and stinking, his spittle thick and sticky, his mouth bitter and his tongue dry; he took this and was healed.

Wigye Bogam 寶鑑

3.5.5 A Salt Mouth 口鹹

3.5.5.1
Source원문

腎熱則口鹹, 宜滋腎丸方見小便ㆍ滋陰大補丸方見虛勞. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the kidney is hot the mouth is salt: Enrich the Kidney Pill formula in the Urine chapter and Enrich the Yin Great Supplementation Pill formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter.

Immun 入門

3.6 Foul Breath 口臭

3.6.1
Source원문

口臭者胃熱也. 虛火鬱熱蘊於胸中, 乃作口臭, 宜芎芷膏. 《入門》 口臭一證, 乃熱氣蘊積胸膈之間, 挾熱而衝發於口也. 《直指》

Translation영역
Foul breath is stomach heat. Where vacuity fire and depressed heat gather in the chest, foul breath follows: Chuanxiong and Angelica Dahurica Paste is appropriate. Foul breath as a pattern is hot qi gathered and accumulated between chest and diaphragm, which takes the heat with it and surges out at the mouth.

Immun 入門 · Jikji 直指

3.6.2
Source원문

心勞味厚, 氣出腥臭, 宜加減瀉白散方見上. 多食肉人口臭不可近, 宜神功丸方見牙齒. 胃熱口臭, 宜龍腦鷄蘇元方見血門ㆍ加減甘露飮ㆍ升麻黃連丸.

Translation영역
Where the mind is taxed and the flavours rich and the breath comes out rank, Modified Drain the White Powder formula above. Where a great meat-eater's breath is such that none can come near, Divine Merit Pill formula in the Teeth chapter. For stomach heat with foul breath, Borneol and Perilla Pill formula in the Blood chapter, Modified Sweet Dew Drink and Cimicifuga and Coptis Pill.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.6.3
Source원문

吐膿血如肺癰狀, 口臭他方不應, 宜消風散方見風門入男子髮灰, 淸米飮調下, 兩服可除. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where pus and blood are spat as in lung welling-abscess and the breath is foul and other formulas do not answer: Disperse Wind Powder formula in the Wind chapter with the ash of a man's hair added, taken stirred into clear rice water — two doses may remove it.

Dansim 丹心

3.6.4
Source원문

一人病口臭如登厠, 雖親戚莫肯與對語. 戴人曰, 肺金本主腥, 金爲火所乘, 火主臭, 應便如是也; 久則成腐, 腐者腎也, 此亢極則反兼水化也. 病在上宜涌之, 以茶調散方見吐門吐之去其七分, 夜以舟車丸方見下門下五七行. 比朝而臭斷. 《子和》

Translation영역
A man's breath stank as though he were at the privy, so that not even his kinsfolk would talk face to face with him. Zhang Zihe said: the lung's metal properly governs rankness; metal being overwhelmed by fire, and fire governing stench, it answers thus; and in time it becomes putrid, and putrid belongs to the kidney — this is extremity reversing into the water transformation. The disease being above, it should be ejected: Tea-Stirred Powder formula in the Ejection chapter made him vomit away seven parts of it, and at night Boat and Cart Pill formula in the Purgation chapter purged him five to seven times. By morning the stench was cut off.
Clinical note임상 주석
雖親戚莫肯與對語 — not even his relatives would speak to him face to face. Zhang Zihe's method is his usual one, vomiting above and purging below on the same day, and the complaint as described sounds like something coming from the gut rather than the mouth.

Jahwa 子和

3.7 Mouth Erosion 口糜

3.7.1
Source원문

口糜者, 口瘡糜爛也. 《入門》 內經曰, 膀胱移熱於小腸, 隔腸不便, 上爲口糜. 宜移熱湯ㆍ柴胡地骨皮湯.

Translation영역
Mouth erosion is mouth sores gone to ulceration. The Neijing says: where the bladder shifts heat to the small intestine, the intestine is barred and the stool does not pass, and above it becomes mouth erosion. Shift the Heat Decoction and Bupleurum and Lycium Root Bark Decoction are appropriate.

Immun 入門 · Donguibogam · Guseol

3.7.2
Source원문

藏府積熱, 口舌生瘡, 宜局方凉膈散方見火門, 回春凉膈散亦可.

Translation영역
Where accumulated heat of the viscera and bowels raises sores on mouth and tongue, the Gukbang's Cool the Diaphragm Powder formula in the Fire chapter is appropriate, and Hoechun's Cool the Diaphragm Powder will also do.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.7.3
Source원문

口舌生瘡, 宜玉芝飮子ㆍ升麻散, 兼用龍石散或碧雪糝之, 硼砂元含化. 久年口瘡, 宜黑參丸. 《入門》

Translation영역
For sores arising on mouth and tongue: Jade Mushroom Drink and Cimicifuga Powder, with Dragon Stone Powder or Blue Snow applied as well, and Borax Pill melted in the mouth. For mouth sores of many years, Black Scrophularia Pill.

Immun 入門

3.7.4
Source원문

口舌瘡摻藥見下, 可擇而用之.

Translation영역
The powders to be dusted on mouth and tongue sores are given below, and one may choose among them.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.7.5
Source원문

口瘡赤者心熱, 宜乳香散及天花粉末糝之; 白者肺熱, 宜沒藥散ㆍ靑金散及黃栢ㆍ蓽撥爲末糝之, 良久以水漱口. 《入門》

Translation영역
Red mouth sores are heart heat: Frankincense Powder and powdered trichosanthes root sprinkled on. White ones are lung heat: Myrrh Powder, Blue Gold Powder, and powdered phellodendron and long pepper applied, rinsing the mouth with water after a good while.
Clinical note임상 주석
Red for the heart and white for the lung, with a different powder for each. The distinction is worth making for another reason: a white ulcer that wipes off is likely thrush, and one that does not is not.

Immun 入門

3.7.1 Mouth Sores from Vacuity Fire 虛火口瘡

3.7.1.1
Source원문

口瘡服凉藥不愈者, 此中焦氣不足, 虛火泛上. 先用理中湯方見寒門, 甚者加附子. 《丹心》 陰虛者四物湯方見血門加知母ㆍ黃栢. 虛火泛上, 甘草ㆍ乾薑爲末, 細嚼噙之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where mouth sores do not heal on cooling medicines, the middle burner's qi is insufficient and vacuity fire is floating up: use Regulate the Centre Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter first, with aconite added in severe cases. Where the yin is vacuous, Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with anemarrhena and phellodendron added. For vacuity fire floating up, powder licorice and dried ginger, chew fine and hold it in the mouth.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's most useful caution, and it contradicts everything before it: an ulcer that has not closed on cold medicine is treated with aconite and dried ginger instead. Recurrent ulceration in a run-down patient is exactly what will not answer to cooling.

Dansim 丹心 · Immun 入門

3.8 Swollen Lips and Lip Sores 唇腫唇瘡

3.8.1
Source원문

宜瀉胃湯ㆍ薏苡仁湯ㆍ芍藥湯.

Translation영역
Drain the Stomach Decoction, Coix Decoction and Peony Decoction are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.8.2
Source원문

唇舌焦燥, 口破生瘡, 盖心脾受熱所致也. 水浸黃連, 重湯汁而飮之; 若大渴少飮竹葉石膏湯方見寒門. 《直指》

Translation영역
Where the lips and tongue are parched and the mouth breaks out in sores, it comes of heat received in heart and spleen. Steep coptis in water, double-boil the liquid and drink it; if the thirst is great, drink a little Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter.

Jikji 直指

3.8.3
Source원문

唇瘡久不差, 八月藍葉搗取汁洗, 不過三日差. 《丹心》 又白荷花瓣貼之, 神效; 如開裂出血者卽止. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Where a lip sore is long in mending, take indigo leaves in the eighth month, pound them for the juice and wash with it — not more than three days and it mends. Also, stick a white lotus petal on it — divinely effective; where it has cracked and is bleeding, it stops at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A lotus petal laid on a split lip. It is a dressing rather than a medicine, and the thing it does — keeping a cracked lip covered and moist — is what stops it splitting again.

Dansim 丹心

3.9 Cocoon Lip 繭唇

3.9.1
Source원문

口唇緊小, 不能開合飮食, 不得不急治, 則死. 此亦奇病, 名曰繭唇, 又曰緊唇, 亦曰瀋唇. 實者瀉黃散方見五藏ㆍ瀉黃飮子; 腫者薏苡仁湯方見上, 兼用黃栢散ㆍ白灰散傅之. 《濟生》

Translation영역
Where the lips are drawn tight and small so that one cannot open and close them to eat and drink, it must be treated urgently, or death follows. This too is a strange disease, named cocoon lip, also tight lip, also seeping lip. For repletion, Drain the Yellow Powder formula in the Five Viscera chapter and Drain the Yellow Drink; for swelling, Coix Decoction formula above, with Phellodendron Powder and White Ash Powder applied as well.
Clinical note임상 주석
A lip drawn so tight the mouth cannot open, which the Jesaeng says is fatal untreated. It covers more than one modern condition — scarring cheilitis, and in some descriptions carcinoma of the lip — and the chapter is right that it is urgent.

Jesaeng 濟生

3.9.2
Source원문

外用靑皮燒灰, 猪脂調搽, 仍將靑皮灰末每一錢酒調服之. 《入門》 亂髮ㆍ露蜂房ㆍ六畜毛燒灰, 猪脂調搽. 《得效》 又蛇蛻皮或蠐螬燒爲灰, 猪脂調傅. 《得效》

Translation영역
Outwardly, burn green tangerine peel to ash, mix with lard and rub it on; and take 1 don of the peel ash stirred into wine. Or burn tangled hair, hornet's nest and the hair of the six domestic animals to ash and mix with lard. Or burn snake slough or a ground grub to ash and mix with lard and apply.

Immun 入門 · Deukhyo 得效

3.10 A Swollen Tongue 舌腫

3.10.1
Source원문

舌腫滿口, 氣不得吐者, 名曰木舌. 《入門》 木舌心脾熱壅也. 《入門》 木舌者, 舌腫麤大, 漸漸腫硬滿口, 不急治卽塞殺人也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the tongue swells to fill the mouth so that the breath cannot come out, it is named wooden tongue; wooden tongue is heart and spleen heat congested. Wooden tongue is the tongue swollen coarse and large, swelling and hardening by degrees until it fills the mouth; not treated urgently, it blocks and kills.
Clinical note임상 주석
不急治卽塞殺人 — not treated urgently, it blocks and kills. A tongue swelling until it fills the mouth is an airway emergency, and the Gangmok says so in plain words. Nothing in this section is a substitute for getting such a patient to someone who can secure an airway.

Immun 入門 · Gangmok 綱目

3.10.2
Source원문

木舌者, 舌腫硬不和軟也. 百草霜ㆍ芒硝ㆍ滑石爲末, 酒調傅之. 《丹心》 木舌治法, 用紫雪 二錢方見火門竹瀝和勻, 頻抹口中自消. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Wooden tongue is the tongue swollen hard and not soft. Stove soot, mirabilite and talc powdered and mixed with wine and applied. For treating wooden tongue, take 2 don of Purple Snow formula in the Fire chapter mixed evenly with bamboo sap and wipe it often into the mouth, and it disperses of itself.

Dansim 丹心 · Gangmok 綱目

3.10.3
Source원문

諸般舌腫脹, 取龍腦破毒散方見咽喉半錢, 以指蘸藥擦舌上下, 嚥津下. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For swelling and distension of the tongue of every kind, take half a don of Borneol Resolve Toxin Powder formula in the Throat chapter, dip a finger in the powder and rub it over the tongue above and below, swallowing the saliva down.
Clinical note임상 주석
A topical applied with the finger and then swallowed, so that it works on the tongue and on the throat below it in one motion. The formula is the Throat chapter's, which is where the Bogam keeps the medicines for a swelling that threatens the airway — and the previous passage's 不急治卽塞殺人也, treat it quickly or it stops the breath and kills, is why a tongue complaint is sent there.

Dansim 丹心

3.10.4
Source원문

一老人舌根腫起, 漸至滿口, 勢甚凶. 戴人曰, 血實者宜決之, 以鈹鍼日砭八九次, 出血約二三盞, 漸覺腫消痛減. 夫舌者心之外候, 心主血, 故血出而愈. 《子和》

Translation영역
An old man's tongue swelled at the root and came by degrees to fill the mouth, and the case looked very grave. Zhang Zihe said: where the blood is replete it should be let out. With a lance needle he pricked it eight or nine times a day, drawing off two or three cupfuls of blood, and by degrees the swelling was felt to go down and the pain to lessen. The tongue is the heart's outward sign and the heart governs blood, so letting blood out healed it.
Clinical note임상 주석
Bleeding a swollen tongue root repeatedly over days. Whatever the reasoning, decompressing a swelling that is closing an airway is the right instinct, and Zhang Zihe's willingness to act rather than prescribe is what saved the patient.

Jahwa 子和

3.11 Double Tongue 重舌

3.11.1
Source원문

附舌根而重生小舌, 謂之重舌. 鍼刺去惡血卽愈. 《入門》 舌根下生形如舌而小, 謂之重舌; 其着頰裏及上齶如此者, 名曰重齶; 其着齒齗上如此者, 名曰重齗. 皆刺之去血可也. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where a small tongue grows doubled beneath the root of the tongue, it is called double tongue; pricking it with a needle and letting out the bad blood heals it. Where a thing shaped like a tongue but small grows beneath the tongue's root, it is double tongue; where the like appears inside the cheek or on the palate, it is named double palate; where on the gum, double gum. All may be pricked and the blood let out.

Immun 入門 · Gangmok 綱目

3.11.2
Source원문

重舌者, 心脾熱盛也, 宜靑黛散. 《入門》 舌腫滿口不能聲, 飮食不通, 名曰重舌. 蒲黃頻摻患處, 調竹瀝尤妙; 黃連煎湯頻呷之, 以瀉心火. 《入門》

Translation영역
Double tongue is heart and spleen heat at its height: Indigo Powder is appropriate. Where the tongue swells to fill the mouth so that there is no voice and food and drink do not pass, it is named double tongue: dust cattail pollen often on the affected place, and mixing it with bamboo sap is better still; and take a decoction of coptis often to drain the heart fire.

Immun 入門

3.11.3
Source원문

黃栢末以竹瀝調塗. 又百草霜ㆍ焰硝ㆍ滑石末, 酒調傅之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Phellodendron powder stirred into bamboo sap and smeared on. Or soot from the hundred grasses, saltpetre and talc powdered and stirred into wine and applied.

Immun 入門

3.11.4
Source원문

重舌, 用如聖勝金鋌方見咽喉以開關竅. 《得效》

Translation영역
For double tongue, Sagelike Victory Gold Ingot formula in the Throat chapter is used to open the gate and the orifices.

Deukhyo 得效

3.11.5
Source원문

重舌, 紫雪方見火門和竹瀝塗之, 嚥其汁. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For double tongue, Purple Snow formula in the Fire chapter is mixed with bamboo sap and smeared on, and the juice swallowed.

Gangmok 綱目

3.11.1 The Rubbing Method for Double Tongue 重舌擦法

3.11.1.1
Source원문

重舌極證, 用指去爪, 先於舌下筋上擦至根, 漸深深擦入, 如此三次. 又用指蘸水, 取項後燕窠小坑中筋, 自上赶下至小屈, 深深擦入亦三次. 小兒若飮乳勝前, 則病去矣. 《得效》

Translation영역
For double tongue at its worst: with the nail cut back, rub with the finger along the sinew beneath the tongue up to its root, pressing deeper and deeper, three times over. Then wet the finger and take the sinew in the small hollow of the swallow's nest behind the neck, rubbing from above down to the small bend, likewise pressing deep, three times. If a child then sucks better than before, the disease is gone.
Clinical note임상 주석
小兒若飮乳勝前, 則病去矣 — if the child then feeds better than before, it has worked. The endpoint is whether the infant can nurse, which is the right thing to measure and the only one an infant can report.

Deukhyo 得效

3.12 Wooden Tongue 木舌

3.12.1
Source원문

與舌腫同治.

Translation영역
Treated the same as a swollen tongue.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.13 Bleeding from the Tongue 舌衄

3.13.1
Source원문

詳見血門.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Blood chapter.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.14 A Long Tongue and a Short Tongue 舌長舌短

3.14.1
Source원문

舌吐不收, 名曰陽强; 舌縮不能言, 名曰陰强. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Where the tongue protrudes and will not draw back, it is named yang ascendant; where it shrinks and one cannot speak, yin ascendant.

Uigam 醫鑑

3.14.2
Source원문

傷寒熱病後犯房得病, 名曰陰陽易, 舌出數寸而死. 《仲景》 傷寒熱病後舌出寸餘, 累日不收, 以片腦爲末糝舌上, 應手而縮, 須用五錢方愈. 《醫說》

Translation영역
Where after a cold damage fever one lies with a woman and falls ill, it is named yin-yang exchange; the tongue comes out several chon and death follows. Where after a cold damage fever the tongue comes out more than a chon and does not draw back for days, powder borneol and dust it on the tongue and it shrinks as the hand touches it — five don are needed for a cure.

Junggyeong 仲景 · Uiseol 醫說

3.14.3
Source원문

一婦因産子舌出不能收. 周眞見之, 以朱砂傅其舌, 令作産子狀, 以兩女扶掖之, 乃于壁外置瓦盆墮地作聲, 聲聞而舌收矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
A woman after childbirth had her tongue out and could not draw it back. Zhou Zhen saw her, dusted cinnabar on the tongue, had her put in the posture of giving birth with two women holding her up, and then had an earthenware basin dropped on the ground outside the wall to make a noise; she heard the sound and the tongue drew back.
Clinical note임상 주석
A startle used deliberately as treatment. Whatever the tongue was doing, the physician's reasoning is that a fright can undo what a fright or a strain has set, and he arranges the fright carefully — the posture, the helpers, the crash out of sight.

Immun 入門

3.14.4
Source원문

足厥陰氣絶則舌卷而短. 厥陰者肝也, 肝主筋, 聚于陰器而絡于舌本, 故肝絶則舌卷卵縮. 《靈樞》 舌者心之官, 心病者舌卷而短. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
Where the foot reverting yin's qi is cut off, the tongue curls and shortens. The reverting yin is the liver; the liver governs the sinews, which gather at the genitals and network at the tongue's root, so when the liver is cut off the tongue curls and the testicles retract. The tongue is the heart's office, and in heart disease the tongue curls and shortens.

Yeongchu 靈樞

3.15 A Coating Arising on the Tongue 舌上生胎

3.15.1
Source원문

舌者心之官, 法應南方火, 本紅而澤. 傷寒邪氣在表者舌卽無胎; 及邪氣傳裏, 津液結搏, 則舌上生胎矣. 《明理》

Translation영역
The tongue is the heart's office and answers to the fire of the south; it is properly red and glossy. In cold damage, while the evil qi is at the surface the tongue has no coating; when the evil passes into the interior and the fluids bind and strike, a coating arises on the tongue.

Myeongni 明理論

3.15.2
Source원문

舌上胎滑者, 以丹田有熱, 胸中有寒, 邪氣初傳入裏也. 《仲景》

Translation영역
Where the coating on the tongue is slippery, there is heat in the cinnabar field and cold in the chest, and the evil qi has just begun to pass inward.

Junggyeong 仲景

3.15.3
Source원문

寒變爲熱則舌上之胎不滑而澁, 是熱耗津液而滑者已乾也. 若熱聚於胃則爲之舌黃. 金匱曰, 舌黃者下之黃自去. 若舌上黑色者, 又爲熱之極也. 靈樞曰, 熱病口乾舌黑者死. 心開竅於舌, 黑爲腎色, 水火相刑, 故知必死. 《明理》

Translation영역
When cold turns to heat, the coating is no longer slippery but rough, for the heat has consumed the fluids and what was slippery has dried. Where the heat gathers in the stomach the tongue turns yellow; the Jingui says that where the tongue is yellow, purging makes the yellow go of itself. Where the tongue is black, that is heat at its extreme. The Lingshu says: in heat disease, where the mouth is dry and the tongue black, death. The heart opens at the tongue and black is the kidney's colour, and water and fire punishing each other — hence one knows death is certain.
Clinical note임상 주석
A fever's whole course read off one surface: no coating at first, then white and slippery, then dry and rough, then yellow, then black. Whatever one makes of the colour theory, the sequence is a real one — the tongue does dry and darken as a febrile patient dehydrates.

Myeongni 明理論

3.15.4
Source원문

腎虛有火, 是爲無根虛火, 舌色淡黑一二點, 用補腎降火之藥. 《入門》 ○凡舌黑俱系危證, 惟冷而滑如淡墨然者, 乃無根之火也. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the kidney is vacuous with fire, it is rootless vacuity fire: the tongue is pale black in one or two spots, and medicines that supplement the kidney and downbear fire are used. A black tongue is always a critical sign — only one that is cold and slippery, like thin ink, is a rootless fire.

Immun 入門

3.15.5
Source원문

舌胎用擦舌法.

Translation영역
For a tongue coating, use the tongue-rubbing method.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.15.6
Source원문

舌胎白而滑, 生薑蘸蜜擦之, 或以生薑蜜水洗之. 若舌胎黃赤燥澁者, 取新靑布裹指蘸冷水頻頻擦之. 輕者易脫, 重者難脫, 必須大下之, 津液還而胎自退矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the coating is white and slippery, dip fresh ginger in honey and rub it; or wash with ginger and honey water. Where the coating is yellow-red, dry and rough, wrap the finger in new blue cloth, dip it in cold water and rub often. A light one comes off easily and a heavy one hard; it must be strongly purged, and when the fluids return the coating retreats of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
津液還而胎自退 — when the fluid comes back the coating goes by itself. Scraping it off treats the appearance; the Immun says plainly that the coating is a symptom of a dried-out patient and goes when the patient is wet again.

Immun 入門

3.16 Prickles Arising on the Tongue 舌生芒刺

3.16.1
Source원문

舌生芒刺, 結熱甚也. 《入門》 舌生紅粟, 紫雪方見火門和竹瀝塗之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where prickles arise on the tongue, the bound heat is severe. Where red millet-grains arise on the tongue, mix Purple Snow formula in the Fire chapter with bamboo sap and smear it on.

Immun 入門

3.16.2
Source원문

勞心舌生瘡菌, 宜琥珀犀角膏方見上. 脾熱舌胎乾澁如雪, 宜薄荷蜜ㆍ氷蘗丸. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where the mind is taxed and mushroom-like sores arise on the tongue, Amber and Rhinoceros Horn Paste formula above. Where spleen heat makes the coating dry and rough as snow, Mint in Honey and Ice Phellodendron Pill.

Immun 入門

3.16.3
Source원문

舌燥澁如楊梅刺者, 生薑切厚片蘸蜜於舌上揩之, 其刺立消, 神效. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Where the tongue is dry and rough like the prickles of a bayberry, cut a thick slice of fresh ginger, dip it in honey and rub it over the tongue, and the prickles disperse at once — divinely effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
如楊梅刺 — like the studded surface of a bayberry. It is the classical description of the swollen, prominent papillae of a strawberry tongue, and the ginger-and-honey rub is the chapter's standing remedy for any coated tongue.

Dongwon 東垣

3.17 The Measurements of Mouth and Tongue 口舌寸數

3.17.1
Source원문

唇至齒長九分, 口廣二寸半, 齒以後至會厭深三寸半, 大容五合. 舌重十兩, 長七寸, 廣二寸半. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
From the lip to the teeth is nine pun; the mouth is two and a half chon wide; from behind the teeth to the epiglottis is three and a half chon deep, and it holds five hop. The tongue weighs ten nyang, is seven chon long and two and a half chon wide.

Yeongchu 靈樞

3.18 The Jaw Dislocated in Yawning 失欠脫頷

3.18.1
Source원문

凡欠伸頰車蹉跌, 但開不能合, 以酒飮令大醉, 睡中吹皂角末搐其鼻, 令嚔卽自正. 《三因》

Translation영역
Where in yawning and stretching the jaw slips out of joint so that it will only open and cannot close: give wine to drink until the patient is thoroughly drunk, and while he sleeps blow powdered gleditsia pod into his nose to make him sneeze, and it rights itself at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
The sneeze is the reduction: a sudden reflex closure of the jaw with the muscles relaxed by alcohol. It is the same principle as reducing a dislocation under sedation, arrived at without the anatomy.

Samin 三因

3.18.2
Source원문

因欠輔車蹉不得張口, 一人以兩手牽其頤, 以漸推之則復入矣. 當疾出其指, 恐咬傷. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where from yawning the jaw has slipped so that the mouth cannot be opened, let one person take hold of the chin with both hands and press it in by degrees, and it goes back in. The fingers must be withdrawn quickly, for fear of being bitten.
Clinical note임상 주석
當疾出其指, 恐咬傷 — get the fingers out quickly or be bitten, which is exactly the warning given today for manual reduction of a dislocated mandible. The jaw snaps shut the moment the condyle returns.

Deukhyo 得效

3.18.3
Source원문

輔車開不可合, 南星爲末薑汁調付, 以帛縛合, 一宿而愈, 去風也. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the jaw is open and cannot be closed: powder arisaema, mix it with ginger juice and apply it, bind it closed with silk, and in a night it is healed — it dispels wind.

Deukhyo 得效

3.18.4
Source원문

頷骨脫, 令患人坐定, 用手揉瞼百十遍, 將患人口張開, 用兩大拇指入患人口內拿定牙, 外用兩手指將下頷往上兜, 卽入口正矣. 《醫林》

Translation영역
For a dislocated jawbone: have the patient sit firmly, rub the cheeks a hundred or more times with the hand, have him open his mouth wide, put both thumbs inside his mouth to take hold of the teeth, and with the fingers outside lift the lower jaw upward — and it goes in and the mouth is right.
Clinical note임상 주석
The thumbs inside on the molars, the fingers outside under the angle of the jaw, and the lift upward and back: this is the standard manual reduction of a dislocated mandible, and the massage beforehand is to relax the masseter. Of everything in the chapter this is the procedure that has changed least.

Uirim 醫林

3.18.5
Source원문

治人呵欠口不能開, 及卒然牙關緊急, 水不能入, 以致不救, 卽取鹽梅二箇, 取肉擦牙, 卽當口開. 若不能合, 再用鹽梅肉擦兩牙, 候開合當止, 却服治風藥. 《十三方》

Translation영역
To treat one who yawns and cannot open the mouth, or whose jaw clamps shut all at once so that water cannot be got in and he is beyond rescue: take two salted plums, take the flesh and rub it on the teeth, and the mouth will open. If it then will not close, rub the flesh of a salted plum on both sets of teeth again, and when it opens and closes it should stop; then give a wind-treating medicine.
Clinical note임상 주석
水不能入, 以致不救 — unable to take water, and so beyond rescue, which is the real danger in trismus. The sour of the salted plum provokes a reflex that breaks the clamp; it is the same device as the sneeze in the first item, worked from the other direction.

Sipsambang 十三方

3.19 Biting One's Own Tongue and Cheek 自囓舌頰

3.19.1
Source원문

靈樞曰, 當問人之自囓舌者何氣使然. 岐伯曰, 此厥逆走上, 脉氣皆至也. 少陰氣至則囓舌, 少陽氣至則囓頰, 陽明氣至則囓唇. 神聖復氣湯方見胸部治咬頰ㆍ咬唇ㆍ咬舌ㆍ舌根强硬如神. 《東垣》

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: one should ask what qi it is that makes a person bite his own tongue. Qi Bo said: this is a reverting counterflow running upward, the qi of the vessels all arriving there. Where the lesser yin qi arrives he bites the tongue; where the lesser yang qi arrives, the cheek; where the yang brightness qi arrives, the lip. Spirit Sagely Restore the Qi Decoction formula in the Chest chapter treats biting the cheek, biting the lip, biting the tongue and a stiff hard root of the tongue, marvellously well.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three sites and three channels, and the assignment is anatomical rather than symbolic: the lesser yin reaches the tongue, the lesser yang the cheek, the yang brightness the lip. Biting one's own tongue or cheek repeatedly is a sign worth taking seriously — it belongs with seizures, with a malocclusion, and with the involuntary movements of a drug reaction — and the chapter is right to read it as something arriving from elsewhere rather than as a disease of the mouth.

Yeongchu 靈樞 · Dongwon 東垣

3.20 Drooling from the Mouth 口流涎

3.20.1
Source원문

詳見津液門.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Fluids chapter.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.21 The Mouth Clenched Shut 口噤不開

3.21.1
Source원문

詳見風門.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Wind chapter.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.22 Reading Disease from Lips and Tongue 視唇舌占病

3.22.1
Source원문

脾肺病久則虛而唇白. 脾者肺之母, 母子皆虛, 不能相營, 故名曰怯. 脾主唇, 唇白而光澤者吉, 白如枯骨者死. 《錢乙》

Translation영역
Where spleen and lung are long diseased they grow vacuous and the lips turn white. The spleen is the lung's mother; mother and child both vacuous and unable to nourish each other, it is named timidity. The spleen governs the lips: white but glossy is auspicious, white as dry bone means death.
Clinical note임상 주석
白而光澤者吉, 白如枯骨者死 — pale but with a sheen is survivable, pale like dry bone is not. The distinction is between a lip that is merely anaemic and one whose circulation has failed, and it is a fair one.

Jeoneul 錢乙

3.22.2
Source원문

血氣虛怯, 爲冷所乘則唇靑; 又額黑唇靑爲寒. 《錢乙》 足太陰氣絶則唇反, 唇反者死. 唇者肉之本, 唇反者肉先死也. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
Where the blood and qi are vacuous and timid and cold takes advantage of them, the lips are green; and a black forehead with green lips is cold. Where the foot greater yin's qi is cut off the lips turn back, and lips turned back mean death — the lips are the root of the flesh, and lips turned back mean the flesh has died first.

Jeoneul 錢乙 · Yeongchu 靈樞

3.22.3
Source원문

舌卷而短, 若唇靑卵縮者必死, 肝絶故也. 《綱目》 傷寒熱病, 口如魚口不能復閉而氣出多不反者死. 《扁鵲》 病人口張者三日死. 《扁鵲》 病人唇反人中滿者死. 《扁鵲》

Translation영역
Where the tongue curls and shortens, and the lips are green and the testicles retracted, death is certain, for the liver is cut off. In cold damage fever, where the mouth is like a fish's and cannot close again and the breath goes out much and does not come back, death. Where a patient's mouth hangs open, death in three days. Where the lips are turned back and the philtrum is full, death.
Clinical note임상 주석
口如魚口 — a mouth like a fish's, opening and not closing, with the breath going out more than it comes in. It is the agonal breathing of the dying, described exactly, and the Bogam lists it among the signs from which nothing follows but waiting.

Gangmok 綱目 · Pyeonjak 扁鵲

3.22.4
Source원문

舌本爛熱不止者逆. 《得效》 唇口俱腫赤者是熱極也; 唇口俱靑黑者寒極也. 《回春》

Translation영역
Where the root of the tongue is ulcerated and the heat does not stop, it is contrary. Lips and mouth both swollen and red is heat at its extreme; lips and mouth both green-black is cold at its extreme.

Deukhyo 得效 · Hoechun 回春

3.23 A Child's Mouth and Tongue Diseases 小兒口舌病

3.23.1
Source원문

小兒口瘡難用藥, 以大南星取中心龍眼大爲末, 醋調塗兒脚心, 甚妙. 《綱目》 白礬或吳茱萸爲末, 醋調塗脚心亦效. 《綱目》

Translation영역
A child's mouth sores are hard to treat with medicine: take the heart of a large arisaema, the size of a longan, powder it, mix with vinegar and smear it on the soles of the child's feet — excellent. Alum or evodia powdered and mixed with vinegar and smeared on the soles is also effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
小兒口瘡難用藥 — a child's mouth sores are hard to medicate, because nothing will stay in the mouth. Hence the whole section goes on the feet, and 3.26's Suyu-san does the same for adults.

Gangmok 綱目

3.23.2
Source원문

小兒口瘡, 黃栢ㆍ靑黛 等分, 片腦少許爲末, 竹瀝調付之. 《入門》 乳母宜服瀉心湯方見五藏ㆍ凉膈散方見火門.

Translation영역
For a child's mouth sores, phellodendron and indigo in equal parts with a little borneol, powdered and mixed with bamboo sap and applied. The wet-nurse should take Drain the Heart Decoction formula in the Five Viscera chapter and Cool the Diaphragm Powder formula in the Fire chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
The nurse is dosed for the child's complaint — the chapter's way of reaching an infant through the milk, and it is used throughout the Children chapter.

Immun 入門 · Donguibogam · Guseol

3.23.3
Source원문

小兒口瘡, 薄荷汁拭口內, 西瓜水徐徐飮之. 《入門》

Translation영역
For a child's mouth sores, wipe inside the mouth with mint juice and let it drink watermelon water slowly.

Immun 入門

3.23.4
Source원문

巴豆肉一粒擣爛, 黃丹少許, 和捏作餠, 外用紙護, 貼眉心半刻許去之, 立效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
One croton seed kernel pounded to a mash with a little minium, kneaded together into a cake, covered outside with paper, and stuck on the point between the brows for about half a quarter-hour and then removed; immediately effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Croton seed is severely toxic and blisters the skin it touches. This must not be prepared.** It is a counter-irritant plaster between the brows for a child with mouth ulcers, and the half-quarter-hour limit is there because it raises a blister if it is left on.

Dansim 丹心

3.23.5
Source원문

重舌ㆍ木舌, 依上法治之.

Translation영역
Doubled tongue and wooden tongue are treated by the methods above.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.23.6
Source원문

小兒弄舌者, 脾藏有微熱, 令舌絡微緊, 故時時舒舌出也. 瀉黃散方見五藏徐徐服之. 若大病後弄舌者凶. 《錢乙》

Translation영역
Where a child plays with its tongue, there is slight heat in the spleen viscus making the tongue's network slightly tight, so that from time to time it puts the tongue out. Drain the Yellow Powder formula in the Five Viscera chapter taken slowly. Where a child plays with its tongue after a great illness, it is ominous.

Jeoneul 錢乙

3.24 Medicines Applied to Mouth and Tongue Sores 口舌瘡糝付藥

3.25 External Methods for Mouth and Tongue Sores 口舌瘡外治法

3.25.1
Source원문

宜茱萸散ㆍ如聖散ㆍ濯足法ㆍ化毒法.

Translation영역
Evodia Powder, Sagelike Powder, the Foot-Bathing Method and the Toxin-Transforming Method are appropriate.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.25.2
Source원문

治滿口生瘡, 草烏ㆍ南星 各一箇, 生薑一塊爲末, 每二錢醋調, 臨臥時貼手足心, 便愈. 《本事》

Translation영역
To treat sores arising all over the mouth: one aconite root and one arisaema with a lump of fresh ginger, powdered; take 2 don mixed with vinegar and stick it on the palms and soles at bedtime, and it heals. — **Aconite root and arisaema are toxic; for external use only.**

Bonsa 本事

3.25.1 The Foot-Soaking Method 濯足法

3.25.1.1
Source원문

濯足法, 治下虛上壅口舌生瘡. 白礬 二三兩爲末, 用熱湯化, 以浸足半日卽效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
The Foot-Bathing Method treats vacuity below with congestion above and sores arising on mouth and tongue. Alum 2 or 3 nyang powdered and dissolved in hot water; soak the feet in it half a day and it answers.

Dansim 丹心

3.25.2 The Method for Transforming the Toxin 化毒法

3.25.2.1
Source원문

化毒法, 凡口瘡無問新久, 夜臥將自己兩丸, 以手左右交揉三五十遍, 睡覺行之. 三五度便差. 《東垣》

Translation영역
The Toxin-Transforming Method: for mouth sores, new or long-standing, on going to bed take one's own testicles and rub them left and right between the hands thirty to fifty times, doing it on waking as well; three to five times over and it mends.
Clinical note임상 주석
Dongwon's reasoning is 3.7.5's — fire that has floated up because there is nothing below to hold it, drawn back down by working on the body's lowest yang. The Genitals chapter uses the same rubbing as a cultivation method.

Dongwon 東垣

3.26 Sores of Throat and Tongue in Drinkers 酒客喉舌生瘡

3.26.1
Source원문

詳見內傷.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Internal Damage chapter.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.27 Insects Gone into the Mouth 諸蟲入口

3.27.1
Source원문

詳見救急.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Emergencies chapter.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.28 Formulas for Mending a Severed Tongue 補舌斷方

3.28.1
Source원문

治大人小兒偶含刀在口, 割斷舌頭已垂落而未斷. 用鷄子白軟皮袋了舌頭, 用破血丹蜜調塗舌根斷血, 却以蜜調蠟稀稠得所, 敷在鷄子皮上, 盖性軟能透藥性故也. 常勤添敷, 三日舌接住, 方去鷄子皮, 只用蜜蠟勤敷, 七日全安. 《醫林》

Translation영역
Treats an adult or child who has happened to hold a knife in the mouth and cut the tongue's tip so that it hangs down but is not severed. Sheathe the tongue's tip in the soft membrane of an eggshell; mix Break the Blood Elixir with honey and smear it at the tongue's root to stop the blood; then mix honey and beeswax to a proper consistency and spread it over the eggshell membrane, since being soft it lets the medicine's nature through. Keep adding to it diligently, and in three days the tongue has joined; then take off the membrane and keep applying only the honeyed beeswax, and in seven days it is wholly well.
Clinical note임상 주석
A severed tongue tip held in place under eggshell membrane with a honey-and-wax dressing over it, changed for a week. The membrane is a biological dressing and honey is antibacterial; the instinct — hold it, cover it, keep it moist, leave it alone — is exactly right, and the tongue's blood supply is good enough that it often would heal.

Uirim 醫林

3.28.2
Source원문

自行被跌撲穿斷舌心, 血出不止, 以鵝翎蘸米醋頻刷斷處, 其血卽止. 仍用蒲黃ㆍ杏仁ㆍ硼砂少許爲末, 蜜調成膏, 噙化而安. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where one has fallen and pierced through the middle of the tongue and the bleeding will not stop, dip a goose quill in rice vinegar and brush the cut place often, and the blood stops at once. Then powder cattail pollen, apricot kernel and a little borax, mix with honey into a paste and hold it in the mouth to melt, and it settles.

Immun 入門

3.28.3
Source원문

治舌頭被人咬去, 取諸瘡門治下疳瘡藥, 先以乳香ㆍ沒藥煎水噙口中止痛, 後抹上藥, 卽長全有效. 卽黑鉛ㆍ水銀ㆍ寒水石ㆍ輕粉ㆍ硼砂五味方也. 《回春》

Translation영역
To treat a tongue tip bitten off by another person, take the medicine for treating chancre sores from the Sores chapter; first hold frankincense and myrrh decocted in water in the mouth to stop the pain, then smear the medicine on, and it grows back whole — effective. It is the five-ingredient formula of lead, quicksilver, calcite, calomel and borax.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Lead, quicksilver and calomel are all heavy-metal poisons and mercury is absorbed through the mouth. This must not be prepared.** The one part worth keeping is the first step: frankincense and myrrh held in the mouth for the pain before anything else is done.

Hoechun 回春

3.28.4
Source원문

補唇舌方, 用鮮蟹燒灰, 每二錢同乳香ㆍ沒藥 各二錢半塗之卽生肉. 如多去唇舌, 用川烏ㆍ草烏爲末, 攤紙一條, 以涼水調合貼之, 卽不覺疼, 可用刀取. 如流血, 以陳石灰塗之卽止. 愈後舌硬, 用白鷄冠血點之卽軟. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
A formula for mending lip and tongue: burn a fresh crab to ash, and apply 2 don of it with frankincense and myrrh 2 don 5 pun each, and the flesh grows. Where much of the lip or tongue must be taken away, powder aconite main root and aconite root, spread it on a strip of paper mixed with wine and water and stick it on, and no pain is felt and a knife may be used. If blood flows, smear on old lime and it stops. If after healing the tongue is stiff, dab it with the blood of a white cockscomb and it softens.
Clinical note임상 주석
即不覺疼, 可用刀取 — no pain is felt, and a knife may be used. Aconite applied as a topical anaesthetic before cutting. Aconitine does numb mucosa, and this is one of the very few places in the Bogam where a preparation is used explicitly to permit surgery. **Aconite is severely toxic and readily absorbed from the mouth; this must not be prepared.**

Uigam 醫鑑

3.29 Simple Medicinals 單方

3.29.1
Source원문

凡三十二種.

Translation영역
Thirty-two kinds in all.

Donguibogam · Guseol

3.29.2
Source원문

白礬 治口瘡. 熱水半椀入白礬一撮, 待溫漱口數次, 愈. 《種杏》 ○生白礬爲末付之亦效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Alum (白礬): Treats mouth sores. Put a pinch of alum into half a bowl of hot water, wait until it is warm, and rinse the mouth with it several times; it heals. ○ Raw alum powdered and applied is also effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
A dilute alum rinse is an astringent mouthwash, and for the recurrent aphthous ulcer that this chapter calls 口瘡 it is a reasonable symptomatic measure — alum shrinks the tissue and dulls the pain for a while. Raw alum powder put directly on an ulcer stings sharply; the rinse is the kinder of the two.

Jonghaeng 種杏 · Dansim 丹心

3.29.3
Source원문

膽礬 治口瘡. 取礬火煆爲末, 付瘡上, 吐涎便差. 《本草》 ○膽礬一塊, 百沸湯泡開, 含漱卽差. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Chalcanthite (膽礬): Treats mouth sores. Take the mineral, calcine it in the fire and powder it, apply it on the sore, and when the drool is spat out it is cured. ○ A lump of chalcanthite dissolved in water boiled a hundred times, held in the mouth and used as a rinse, and it is cured at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
Chalcanthite is copper sulphate. Dilute copper sulphate was a standard mouthwash and caustic for oral ulcers, and it does work; it is also toxic if swallowed in quantity, with copper salts causing vomiting and, in large doses, haemolysis and liver injury. The instruction 吐涎, spit the drool out, matters.

Boncho 本草 · Gangmok 綱目

3.29.4
Source원문

百草霜 舌卒腫如猪胞狀, 滿口, 不治卽死. 以霜細硏, 醋調塗之, 立差. 《丹心》 ○治舌忽然腫破, 釜底墨硏細, 醋調塗舌上下, 脫去更付, 入鹽尤佳. 先鍼決出血, 付藥尤妙. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Stove soot (百草霜): Where the tongue suddenly swells like a pig's bladder and fills the mouth, if it is not treated the patient dies at once. Grind the soot fine, mix it with vinegar and smear it on, and it is cured at once. ○ To treat a tongue that suddenly swells and breaks: grind the soot from the bottom of the cauldron fine, mix it with vinegar and smear it above and below the tongue, applying it again when it comes off; with salt added it is better still. Pricking it first with a needle to let the blood out and then applying the medicine is better still.
Clinical note임상 주석
舌卒腫如猪胞狀, 滿口, 不治卽死 — the tongue suddenly swelling like a bladder, filling the mouth, and the patient dying if untreated — is angio-oedema of the tongue, and the assessment of urgency is exactly right: a tongue that fills the mouth obstructs the airway, and that is how it kills. It is treated with adrenaline and airway protection, and it is one of the small number of entries in this book that describe a condition where minutes count. Pricking the tongue to let blood out will not relieve the swelling.

Dansim 丹心 · Gangmok 綱目

3.29.5
Source원문

井華水 治口臭. 正朝取水全口, 吐置厠下, 數度卽差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Dawn-drawn well water (井華水): Treats foul breath. At first light take the water, hold it in the mouth and spit it out down the privy; after several times it is cured.

Boncho 本草

3.29.6
Source원문

鵬砂 治舌腫脹出口. 鵬砂爲末, 生薑片蘸藥揩腫處, 卽退. 《綱目》 ○口瘡, 鵬砂ㆍ熖硝含口中, 以南星爲末, 醋調貼足心, 神效. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Borax (鵬砂): Treats a tongue swollen and distended so that it protrudes from the mouth. Powder the borax, dip a slice of fresh ginger in it and rub the swollen part, and it goes down at once. ○ For mouth sores: hold borax and saltpetre in the mouth, and powder arisaema, mix it with vinegar and apply it to the soles of the feet — miraculously effective.
Clinical note임상 주석
Borax is the corpus's chief drug for anything in the mouth or on the eye, and a borax mouth rinse remains in use. The second method is 引火歸元 in practice — a pungent drug applied to the sole of the foot to draw fire down from the head — and arisaema on the Yongcheon point is the standard way it is done. The reasoning is systemic; what the patient gets is the borax in the mouth.

Gangmok 綱目 · Jeongjeon 正傳

3.29.7
Source원문

馬牙硝 治重舌. 取硝爲末, 付舌下, 日三. 《本草》

Translation영역
Mirabilite (馬牙硝): Treats the doubled tongue. Take the mineral, powder it and apply it under the tongue, three times a day.
Clinical note임상 주석
重舌, the doubled tongue, is a swelling under the tongue that looks like a second small tongue — a mucocele, a sublingual abscess, or a swollen submandibular duct — and the chapter gives it its own name and its own treatments. A tense swelling under the tongue that is growing needs looking at, because it can lift the tongue and compromise the airway.

Boncho 本草

3.29.8
Source원문

升麻 治口瘡及口氣疳䘌. 濃煎湯, 入鹽, 頻頻含漱. 《本草》

Translation영역
Cimicifuga (升麻): Treats mouth sores, foul breath and gum erosion. Decoct it strongly, put salt in, and hold it in the mouth and rinse repeatedly.

Boncho 本草

3.29.9
Source원문

細辛 治口臭及䘌齒腫痛. 煮取濃汁, 熱含冷吐, 卽差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Asarum (細辛): Treats foul breath and eroded teeth with swelling and pain. Boil it to a strong liquid, hold it in the mouth hot and spit it out when it has gone cold, and it is cured at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
熱含冷吐, hold it hot and spit it cold, is the standard instruction for a medicated rinse in this chapter and it sets the contact time by a method the patient can judge without a clock. Asarum contains methyl eugenol and has a genuine local anaesthetic action, which is why it appears for toothache throughout the corpus. It also contains aristolochic acid and must not be taken internally.

Boncho 本草

3.29.10
Source원문

黃連 治口舌生瘡. 以好酒煮黃連, 取汁呷下, 立愈. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Coptis (黃連): Treats sores breaking out on the mouth and tongue. Boil coptis in good wine, take the liquid and sip it down, and it heals at once.

Dansim 丹心

3.29.11
Source원문

蒲黃 治重舌及舌生瘡. 微炒糝之, 卽差. 《本草》 ○舌腫大滿口, 眞蒲黃頻糝舌上, 且呷黃連湯瀉心火. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Cattail pollen (蒲黃): Treats the doubled tongue and sores breaking out on the tongue. Lightly parched and sprinkled on, and it is cured at once. ○ Where the tongue is swollen large and fills the mouth: sprinkle genuine cattail pollen on the tongue repeatedly, and also sip coptis decoction to drain the heart fire.
Clinical note임상 주석
The tongue belongs to the heart in this system, so a swollen painful tongue is heart fire and coptis is what drains it. The pairing of a local application with an internal drug aimed at the organ is how the whole chapter is arranged, and it is why 導赤散 and the coptis formulas keep appearing here.

Boncho 本草 · Jeongjeon 正傳

3.29.12
Source원문

益智 治心氣不足口臭. 益智去殼, 加甘草爲末, 乾嚥下, 或沸湯點服. 《得效》

Translation영역
Alpinia (益智): Treats foul breath from insufficiency of the heart qi. Shell the alpinia, add licorice, powder them, and swallow the powder dry, or infuse it in boiling water and take.

Deukhyo 得效

3.29.13
Source원문

茴香 除口氣臭. 取芍莖煮作羹飮及生食幷得. 《本草》

Translation영역
Fennel (茴香): Removes foulness of the breath. Take the shoots and stems, boil them into a soup and drink it, or eat them raw — either will serve.

Boncho 本草

3.29.14
Source원문

射干 療老血在心脾間, 咳唾言語氣臭. 取根煮湯飮之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Belamcanda (射干): Cures old blood lodged between the heart and the spleen, with the breath foul on coughing, spitting and speaking. Take the root, boil it and drink the liquid.
Clinical note임상 주석
咳唾言語氣臭 — the breath foul on coughing, spitting and speaking — is halitosis that comes up from the chest rather than from the mouth, and the chapter traces it to old blood lodged in the trunk. A foul-smelling productive cough is a bronchiectasis or a lung abscess, and that is worth separating from the oral causes the rest of this section addresses.

Boncho 本草

3.29.15
Source원문

香薷 治口臭甚捷, 丁香不及焉. 煮取汁, 或飮或漱爲妙. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Elsholtzia (香薷): Treats foul breath very quickly, and clove does not match it. Boil it and take the liquid, drinking it or rinsing with it — excellent.
Clinical note임상 주석
丁香不及焉, clove does not match it — a direct comparison with the drug everyone reached for, and clove was the standard breath sweetener across Eurasia. Elsholtzia's volatile oil is strongly aromatic and antibacterial, so the claim is at least arguable.

Dansim 丹心

3.29.16
Source원문

五倍子 治口瘡. 爲末糝之, 便可飮食. 《本草》 ○口瘡糜痛, 五倍子 一兩ㆍ蜜灸黃栢ㆍ滑石 各五錢ㆍ銅綠 二錢ㆍ麝香 二分半, 爲太糝之, 極效. 《正傳》 ○治緊唇, 五倍子ㆍ訶子肉 等分爲末, 付貼唇上, 立效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Chinese gall (五倍子): Treats mouth sores. Powder it and sprinkle it on, and one can eat and drink again. ○ For mouth sores ulcerated and painful: Chinese gall 1 nyang, honey-roasted phellodendron and talc 5 don each, verdigris 2 don, musk 2½ pun, powdered and sprinkled on — extremely effective. ○ To treat drawn-up lips: Chinese gall and chebula flesh in equal parts, powdered and applied on the lips, and it takes effect at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
便可飮食, one can eat and drink again — the endpoint named is function rather than appearance, which is the right measure for an oral ulcer. The second formula contains musk, which is prohibited, and verdigris, a copper salt best left out of a powder dusted on broken mucosa; the gallnut, phellodendron and talc carry it.

Boncho 本草 · Jeongjeon 正傳 · Dansim 丹心

3.29.17
Source원문

薔薇根 治口舌生瘡爛久不差. 濃煎汁, 稍稍含漱, 溫含冷吐, 卽效. 冬取根, 夏取莖葉用. 《本草》

Translation영역
Rose root (薔薇根): Treats sores on the mouth and tongue, ulcerated and long uncured. Decoct it to a strong liquid and rinse with it a little at a time, holding it warm and spitting it out cold, and it takes effect at once. In winter take the root, in summer the stems and leaves.

Boncho 本草

3.29.18
Source원문

白楊樹枝 治口瘡. 取枝漿水煎, 和鹽含漱. 《本草》

Translation영역
Poplar twig (白楊樹枝): Treats mouth sores. Take the twigs, decoct them in fermented millet water, add salt, and hold it in the mouth and rinse.
Clinical note임상 주석
Poplar bark and twigs contain salicin, which is the compound aspirin was derived from, so a poplar decoction is a genuine analgesic and anti-inflammatory rinse — the willow family's contribution to the chapter, arrived at empirically.

Boncho 本草

3.29.19
Source원문

檳榔 治口吻生瘡白爛者. 燒灰入輕粉少許, 乾糝之. 《得效》

Translation영역
Areca seed (檳榔): Treats sores at the corners of the mouth, white and ulcerated. Burn it to ash, add a little calomel, and sprinkle it on dry.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Calomel is not to be used.** 口吻生瘡白爛 is angular cheilitis, which is usually candidal or nutritional — riboflavin and iron deficiency — and is treated by correcting the cause and with an antifungal, not with a mercury salt at the corners of the mouth where it will be licked.

Deukhyo 得效

3.29.20
Source원문

黃栢 治口瘡如神. 蜜炒爲細末, 塗之. 《湯液》 ○黃栢醋漬含之亦愈. 《本草》 ○心脾熱, 舌頰生瘡, 蜜灸黃栢與靑黛爲末糝之, 差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Phellodendron (黃栢): Treats mouth sores as if by a spirit. Honey-parched and finely powdered, and smeared on. ○ Phellodendron steeped in vinegar and held in the mouth also heals it. ○ For heat in the heart and spleen with sores breaking out on the tongue and cheek: honey-roasted phellodendron with natural indigo, powdered and sprinkled on, and it cures.
Clinical note임상 주석
Phellodendron with indigo is the pair that became 口瘡散 and its descendants, and it is still the reference powder for oral ulcers in Korean practice. The honey-roasting is not just for taste: it tempers the bitter cold of the bark so that it can be left in contact with mucosa.

Tangaek 湯液 · Boncho 本草

3.29.21
Source원문

苦竹葉及瀝 治口瘡. 煎葉湯漱口, 取瀝塗之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Bitter bamboo leaf and sap (苦竹葉及瀝): Treat mouth sores. Decoct the leaves and rinse the mouth with the liquid, and take the sap and smear it on.

Boncho 本草

3.29.22
Source원문

蜜 療唇口瘡. 常含之. 《本草》

Translation영역
Honey (蜜): Cures sores of the lips and mouth. Hold it in the mouth regularly.
Clinical note임상 주석
Honey on an oral ulcer is the one remedy in this section that modern evidence has caught up with: honey is osmotically antibacterial, it is soothing, and trials of honey for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis have shown real benefit. It is also the simplest and safest thing in the chapter.

Boncho 本草

3.29.23
Source원문

螻蛄 治口瘡. 以好墨硏螻蛄細, 付之, 立效. 蓋螻蛄走小腸膀胱, 其效甚速. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Mole cricket (螻蛄): Treats mouth sores. Grind a mole cricket fine with good ink, apply it, and it takes effect at once. For the mole cricket runs to the small intestine and the bladder, and so its effect is very swift.
Clinical note임상 주석
走小腸膀胱 — it runs to the small intestine and the bladder — and the mouth sore is treated by way of the urine, because the tongue belongs to the heart and the heart pairs with the small intestine. The argument is the chapter's channel theory applied carefully, and it is the same reasoning that puts 導赤散 in the mouth-sore formulas.

Gangmok 綱目

3.29.24
Source원문

蛇蛻 治緊唇及重㬽重齦. 燒爲末, 先拭後付. 《本草》

Translation영역
Snake slough (蛇蛻): Treats drawn-up lips, and the doubled lip and doubled gum. Burn it to a powder, wipe the part first and then apply it.

Boncho 本草

3.29.25
Source원문

白梅 治口臭. 常含之, 可以香口. 《本草》

Translation영역
White plum (白梅): Treats foul breath. Hold it in the mouth regularly and it can sweeten the breath.

Boncho 本草

3.29.26
Source원문

柚子 治飮酒人口臭. 可啖之, 又煎湯飮. 《本草》

Translation영역
Citron (柚子): Treats the foul breath of a drinker. It may be eaten, and also decocted and the liquid drunk.

Boncho 本草

3.29.27
Source원문

甜瓜 主口臭. 甜瓜子作末, 蜜丸櫻桃大, 每朝淨漱, 含化一丸. ○已瘡, 嚥瓜中汁. 《本草》

Translation영역
Muskmelon (甜瓜): Governs foul breath. Powder muskmelon seed, make honey pills the size of a cherry, and each morning after rinsing the mouth clean let one pill dissolve in the mouth. ○ For mouth sores, swallow the juice from inside the melon.
Clinical note임상 주석
含化一丸, letting one pill dissolve in the mouth, is a lozenge — and the instruction to rinse the mouth clean first and then take it each morning makes this a daily hygiene routine rather than a treatment. It is the oldest form of the breath mint.

Boncho 本草

3.29.28
Source원문

西瓜 治口瘡. 取瓜中漿, 徐徐飮之. 冬月則取皮燒灰噙之. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Watermelon (西瓜): Treats mouth sores. Take the juice from inside the melon and drink it slowly. In the winter months take the rind, burn it to ash and hold it in the mouth.
Clinical note임상 주석
The seasonal alternative is the practical part: watermelon is a summer fruit, so the rind is kept and charred for the months when there is none. Watermelon frost, 西瓜霜, made by packing the rind with mirabilite, became the standard Chinese remedy for mouth and throat ulcers and still is.

Dansim 丹心

3.29.29
Source원문

人乳汁 老人患口瘡不能食, 飮人熱乳甚良. 《本草》

Translation영역
Human milk (人乳汁): Where an old person suffers from mouth sores and cannot eat, drinking warm human milk is very good.
Clinical note임상 주석
口瘡不能食 in an old person is the real problem the chapter is addressing: not the ulcer but the starvation that follows it, and the answer given is a liquid food that needs no chewing and does not sting. That is the right instinct, and it is why the entry sits beside the sheep's milk below.

Boncho 本草

3.29.30
Source원문

亂髮灰 治口臭不可近. 亂髮灰一錢, 井花水調下, 空心. 《醫說》 ○舌腫, 亂髮灰水調下. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Hair ash (亂髮灰): Treats a breath so foul one cannot come near. Hair ash 1 don taken down stirred into dawn-drawn well water on an empty stomach. ○ For a swollen tongue, hair ash taken down stirred into water.

Uiseol 醫說 · Gangmok 綱目

3.29.31
Source원문

羊乳 生小兒口瘡爛, 取乳常常含嚥. 又治舌腫, 吮之差. 《本草》

Translation영역
Sheep's milk (羊乳): For an infant with mouth sores ulcerated, take the milk and have the child hold it in the mouth and swallow it repeatedly. It also treats a swollen tongue; sucking it cures.

Boncho 本草

3.29.32
Source원문

萆麻子 治舌腫脹出口. 取油蘸紙撚, 燒烟熏之, 卽愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Castor bean (萆麻子): Treats a tongue swollen and distended so that it protrudes from the mouth. Take the oil, dip a twist of paper in it, burn it and fumigate the tongue with the smoke, and it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
The oil only, on a paper taper, used for its smoke — the bean itself is never taken internally, since castor seed contains ricin and a few chewed seeds can kill. Ricin does not pass into the oil, which is why castor oil is harmless and the seed is not.

Gangmok 綱目

3.29.33
Source원문

紫蘇葉 治飛絲入口舌間生泡. 取葉細嚼, 白湯送下, 立效. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Perilla leaf (紫蘇葉): Treats a flying thread entering the mouth so that blisters form on the tongue. Take the leaves, chew them fine and send them down with plain hot water, and it takes effect at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
飛絲, the flying thread, is the chapter's name for something airborne and invisible that gets into the mouth or eye and causes a local reaction — gossamer, a hair, an irritant floating in the air. Blisters on the tongue after it is an acute contact reaction, and chewing a bland aromatic leaf is as much as the entry can do. The 眼 chapter has the same agent entering the eye and treats it with acorus.

Dansim 丹心

3.30 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 鍼灸法

3.30.1
Source원문

口瘡, 取承漿ㆍ合谷ㆍ人中ㆍ長强, 又取金津ㆍ玉液各出血. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For mouth sores, take Seungjang (承漿, CV24), Hapgok (合谷, LI4), Injung (人中, GV26) and Jangkang (長强, GV1), and also bleed Geumjin (金津) and Okyeok (玉液).
Clinical note임상 주석
金津ㆍ玉液 are the two points on the veins under the tongue, taken by pricking them to bleed; they are the chapter's standing treatment for anything swollen in the mouth.

Gangmok 綱目

3.30.2
Source원문

又取委中, 瀉後谿. 此二穴乃心火腎水二經之表. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Also take Wijung (委中, BL40) and drain Husi (後谿, SI3). These two points are the outward aspect of the two channels of heart fire and kidney water.

Gangmok 綱目

3.30.3
Source원문

膽兪ㆍ小腸兪 各灸七壯, 又刺大衝ㆍ勞宮. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Moxa Damyu (膽兪, BL19) and Sojangyu (小腸兪, BL27) seven cones each, and needle Daechung (大衝, LR3) and Nogung (勞宮, PC8).

Dongwon 東垣

3.30.4
Source원문

舌腫難言, 取廉泉ㆍ金津ㆍ玉液各以三稜出血, 又取天突ㆍ少商ㆍ然谷ㆍ風府. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the tongue is swollen and speech is hard, bleed Yeomcheon (廉泉, CV23), Geumjin (金津) and Okyeok (玉液) with a three-edged needle, and also take Cheondol (天突, CV22), Sosang (少商, LU11), Yeongok (然谷, KI2) and Pungbu (風府, GV16).

Gangmok 綱目

3.30.5
Source원문

舌卷, 取液門ㆍ二間. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For a curled tongue, take Yeongmun (液門, TE2) and Igan (二間, LI2).

Gangmok 綱目

3.30.6
Source원문

舌縱涎下, 取陰谷. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For a slack tongue with drool coming down, take Eumgok (陰谷, KI10).

Gangmok 綱目

3.30.7
Source원문

舌急, 取瘂門; 舌緩, 取風府. 《資生》

Translation영역
For a tight tongue, take Amun (瘂門, GV15); for a slack tongue, take Pungbu (風府, GV16).

Jasaeng 資生

3.30.8
Source원문

凡舌腫脹甚, 先刺舌尖, 或舌上, 或舌傍出血, 惟舌下廉泉穴禁鍼. 《回春》

Translation영역
In any severe swelling and distension of the tongue, first prick the tip of the tongue, or the top of it, or its side, to bleed it; only Yeomcheon (廉泉) beneath the tongue is forbidden to the needle.
Clinical note임상 주석
惟舌下廉泉穴禁鍼 — a direct contradiction of the Gangmok item above, which bleeds 廉泉 for the same condition, and the Bogam prints both. The Hoechun's caution is the better one: the floor of the mouth is where bleeding is hardest to control.

Hoechun 回春

3.30.9
Source원문

緊唇不能開合, 灸手虎口, 男左女右, 又灸承漿三壯. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the lips are drawn tight and cannot open or close, moxa the tiger's mouth of the hand — the left in a man, the right in a woman — and also moxa Seungjang (承漿, CV24) three cones.

Deukhyo 得效

3.30.10
Source원문

凡舌腫, 舌下必有噤蟲, 狀如螻蛄ㆍ臥蚕, 有頭有尾, 頭少白, 可燒鐵烙烙頭上卽消. 《三因》

Translation영역
In any swelling of the tongue there is certain to be a lockjaw worm beneath it, shaped like a mole cricket or a lying silkworm, with a head and a tail, the head a little white; heat an iron and cauterise the head of it, and the swelling disappears at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
狀如螻蛄ㆍ臥蚕 — the engorged sublingual veins, read as a worm with a head and a tail. The cautery described is applied to the vein, which is how the swelling went down. **Branding the floor of the mouth with hot iron is not to be done.**

Samin 三因

3.30.11
Source원문

舌腫如猪胞, 以鍼刺舌下兩傍大脉血出卽消. 切勿刺中央脉, 血不止則死. 若誤刺, 以銅筯火燒烙之, 或醋調百草霜塗之, 須臾自消. 此患人多不識, 失治則死. 《得效》

Translation영역
Where the tongue is swollen like a pig's bladder, needle the great vessels on either side beneath the tongue and the swelling goes down as soon as the blood comes. On no account needle the vessel in the middle: if the blood will not stop, the patient dies. If it is needled by mistake, heat a copper rod in the fire and cauterise it, or mix soot with vinegar and smear it on, and presently it stops of itself. People mostly do not recognise this condition, and if it is not treated the patient dies.
Clinical note임상 주석
切勿刺中央脉, 血不止則死 — never the middle vessel, or the bleeding will not stop. The anatomy is right: the lingual artery runs in the midline region of the tongue's underside, and the two lateral veins are what the Bogam is sending the needle to. 失治則死 is also right — a tongue swollen 如猪胞 obstructs the airway, and this is the one emergency in the chapter.

Deukhyo 得效

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Outer Form, Volume 2, Mouth and Tongue chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.