寶鑑Bogam

Formulas · Text · Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

Fluids

Jinaek

한글 진액  ·  Pinyin Jin Ye

Sweat, tears, mucus, drool and spittle — the five fluids the kidney makes, and above all the sweat, which is the heart's, and which the chapter reads from the forehead, the chest, the palms and the moment it stops

津液

A chapter about sweat, with the other four fluids at the end. It begins by dividing the body's moisture into the thin 津 that leaves through the pores and the thick 液 that fills the joints and the brain, and giving the kidney charge of all five: entering the liver it becomes tears, the heart sweat, the spleen drool, the lung mucus, and itself spittle. The bulk of the chapter sorts sweating by when it comes and where. Spontaneous sweating, by day and on the least exertion, is the yang side failing to hold; night sweating, that soaks the sleeper and stops on waking, is the yin side burning. Then sweat confined to the head, to the middle of the chest, to the palms and soles, to the groin — each with its cause — and the three sweats of dying: the expiring sweat that beads and will not run, the soft cold sweat, and the sweat like oil. The treatment runs from Okbyeongpung-san's three medicinals for the open surface, through the cooling pair for night sweats, to powders patted on the skin and a paste packed into the navel. The last sections are a small philosophy of water — that desire, grief, shame and longing each make their own fluid — and the Daoist rule that spittle is the one fluid that can be taken back, so the cultivator never spits.

5.1 The Body's Fluids 身中津液

5.1.1
Source원문

靈樞曰, 腠理發泄, 汗出溱溱, 是謂津. 津脫者, 腠理開, 汗大泄.

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the interstices open and discharge, and sweat comes out abundantly — this is called 津, the thin fluid. Where the thin fluid deserts, the interstices open and there is great sweating.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.1.2
Source원문

穀入氣滿, 淖澤注於骨, 骨屬屈伸, 洩澤補益腦髓, 皮膚潤澤, 是謂液. 液脫者, 骨屬屈伸不利, 色夭, 腦髓消, 脛痠, 耳數鳴.

Translation영역
Grain enters and the qi is full; a rich moisture pours into the bones, so that the bony joints bend and stretch, and seeping out it supplements the brain and marrow and moistens the skin — this is called 液, the thick fluid. Where the thick fluid deserts, the bony joints do not bend and stretch freely, the complexion withers, the brain and marrow waste, the shins ache and the ears often ring.
Clinical note임상 주석
津 and 液 — the thin fluid that sweats out and the thick one that lubricates joints and fills the marrow. The Lingshu's distinction is anatomical in effect: extracellular water leaves through the skin, and synovial and cerebrospinal fluid are the thick kind. Losing the thick one stiffens the joints and rings the ears.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.1.3
Source원문

水穀入于口, 輸于腸胃, 其液別爲五. 天寒衣薄則爲尿與氣, 天熱衣厚則爲汗, 悲哀氣幷則爲泣, 中熱胃緩則爲唾. 邪氣內逆則氣爲之閉塞而不行, 不行則爲水脹. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
Water and grain enter the mouth and are carried to the intestines and stomach, and their fluid divides into five. When the weather is cold and the clothes thin, it becomes urine and breath; when the weather is hot and the clothes thick, it becomes sweat; when grief and sorrow gather the qi, it becomes tears; when there is heat in the centre and the stomach slackens, it becomes spittle. When evil qi counterflows within, the qi is blocked by it and does not move; not moving, it becomes water distension.
Clinical note임상 주석
The same water leaving by different doors according to the weather: in the cold as urine, in the heat as sweat. It is the observation that people urinate more in winter and sweat more in summer, turned into physiology — and it is correct.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.1.4
Source원문

腠理發泄, 汗出溱溱, 是謂津. 津之滲於孔竅, 留而不行者, 爲液. 《內經註》

Translation영역
The interstices open and discharge and sweat comes out abundantly — this is called 津. Where the thin fluid seeps into the orifices and lingers without moving, it is 液.

Naegyeong-ju 內經註

5.1.5
Source원문

大腸主津, 小腸主液. 大腸小腸受胃之榮氣, 乃能行津液於上焦, 灌漑皮毛, 充實腠理. 若飮食不節, 胃氣不足, 大腸小腸無所稟受, 故津液涸竭焉. 《東垣》

Translation영역
The large intestine governs the thin fluid and the small intestine the thick. The large and small intestines receive the stomach's construction qi and only then can move the fluids to the upper burner, irrigating the skin and hair and filling the interstices. If food and drink are without measure and the stomach qi insufficient, the large and small intestines have nothing to receive, and so the fluids dry up.
Clinical note임상 주석
Dongwon puts the fluids in the gut — which is where water is absorbed. The large intestine taking the thin water and the small intestine the thick is close to the real division: the colon reclaims water and the small intestine absorbs nutrients.

Dongwon 東垣

5.2 The Kidney Governs the Fluids 腎主液

5.2.1
Source원문

難經曰, 腎主五液, 分化五藏. 入肝爲淚, 入心爲汗, 入脾爲涎, 入肺爲涕, 自入爲唾.

Translation영역
The Nanjing says: the kidney governs the five fluids and divides them among the five viscera. Entering the liver they become tears; entering the heart, sweat; entering the spleen, drool; entering the lung, mucus; entering itself, spittle.
Clinical note임상 주석
The pattern of the Speech chapter's 4.1 exactly: one source, five forms by organ. There the lung made five sounds; here the kidney makes five waters. The chapter's closing sections take the five in turn.

Nangyeong 難經

5.2.2
Source원문

靈樞曰, 五藏化液, 心爲汗, 肺爲涕, 肝爲淚, 脾爲涎, 腎爲唾, 是爲五液.

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the five viscera transform fluids — the heart makes sweat, the lung mucus, the liver tears, the spleen drool, the kidney spittle. These are the five fluids.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.3 The Pulse 脉法

5.3.1
Source원문

內經曰, 尺澁脈滑, 謂之多汗. 釋曰, 尺膚澁而尺脈滑也. 此自汗多而血涸津脫也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: a rough cubit and a slippery pulse is called much sweating. The explanation: the skin of the forearm is rough and the cubit pulse slippery. This is much spontaneous sweating, with the blood dried and the fluid deserted.
Clinical note임상 주석
尺膚 — the skin of the forearm, which the Suwen palpated as well as the pulse. Rough, dry forearm skin over a slippery pulse means the water has gone out through the surface.

Naegyeong 內經

5.3.2
Source원문

脈大而虛, 浮而濡者, 汗. 《正傳》

Translation영역
A pulse large and empty, or floating and soggy, means sweating.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.3.3
Source원문

脈訣曰, 汗脈浮虛, 或澁或濡. 軟散洪大, 渴飮無餘.

Translation영역
The Pulse Verses say: the sweating pulse is floating and empty, or rough, or soggy. Soft, scattered, surging and large — drinking to quench thirst leaves nothing over.

Maekgyeol 脉訣

5.3.4
Source원문

肝脈浮虛, 或濡或澁. 自汗在寸, 盜汗在尺. 《回春》

Translation영역
The liver pulse is floating and empty, soggy or rough. Spontaneous sweating shows at the inch, night sweating at the cubit.
Clinical note임상 주석
自汗在寸, 盜汗在尺 — day sweats read at the inch, night sweats at the cubit. The inch is the yang position and the cubit the yin, and 5.5 and 5.6 will say which sweat belongs to which.

Hoechun 回春

5.3.5
Source원문

脈經曰, 男子平人, 脈虛弱微細者, 喜盜汗出也.

Translation영역
The Pulse Classic says: in a man who is otherwise well, where the pulse is empty, weak, faint and fine, he is given to night sweats.

Maekgyeong 脉經

5.3.6
Source원문

寸口脈微, 尺脈緊, 其人虛損多汗, 知陰常在, 絶不見陽也. 《仲景》

Translation영역
Where the inch-opening pulse is faint and the cubit pulse tight, the person is vacuous and detrimented with much sweating; one knows the yin is always present and the yang is utterly unseen.

Junggyeong 仲景

5.3.7
Source원문

傷寒脈浮而遲, 面熱赤而戰惕者, 當汗出解也. 脈遲者爲無陽, 不能作汗, 其身必痒. 《仲景》

Translation영역
In cold damage, where the pulse is floating and slow and the face hot and red with shivering, it should resolve with sweating. A slow pulse means there is no yang, and one cannot make a sweat; the body will surely itch.
Clinical note임상 주석
其身必痒 — the body will itch. Zhongjing's sign of a sweat that wants to come and cannot, and anyone who has had a fever break slowly knows the prickling he means.

Junggyeong 仲景

5.4 Sweat Comes from Damp and Heat 汗因濕熱

5.4.1
Source원문

內經曰, 心爲汗. 又曰, 陽加於陰謂之汗. 釋曰, 陽氣上薄, 陰能固之, 則蒸而爲汗. 又曰, 陽之汗, 以天地之雨名之.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: the heart makes sweat. It also says: yang added to yin is called sweat. The explanation: where the yang qi presses upward and the yin can hold it in, it steams into sweat. It also says: the sweat of yang is named after the rain of heaven and earth.
Clinical note임상 주석
陽加於陰 — yang added to yin. The Suwen's definition, and it is the physics of sweating: heat acting on water held in the body. The comparison to rain — heat lifting water and letting it fall — is the Suwen's own.

Naegyeong 內經

5.4.2
Source원문

難經曰, 腎邪入心爲汗.

Translation영역
The Nanjing says: where the kidney's evil enters the heart, there is sweat.

Nangyeong 難經

5.4.3
Source원문

汗者, 心之液. 心動則惕然而汗出. 《醫鑑》

Translation영역
Sweat is the heart's fluid. When the heart stirs, one starts and sweat comes out.
Clinical note임상 주석
The sweat of fright — 惕然, a start — and the Uigam's evidence for the heart owning sweat is the one anyone can check: a sudden fear makes the palms wet.

Uigam 醫鑑

5.4.4
Source원문

心爲君火, 脾胃屬土. 此濕熱相薄爲汗明矣. 又如甑中燒酒, 若非湯火熏蒸, 則不能成汗液也. 《正傳》

Translation영역
The heart is the sovereign fire, and the spleen and stomach belong to earth; that damp and heat pressing on each other make sweat is plain. It is like distilling spirits in a steamer: without a fire heating the liquid below, no distillate forms.
Clinical note임상 주석
The still — 甑中燒酒, distilling liquor in a steamer — as the model of sweating: heat below, water above, and condensation. Korean soju was made exactly this way, and Yu Tuan is reaching for the most familiar piece of chemistry his readers knew.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.4.5
Source원문

內經曰, 飮食飽甚, 汗出於胃. 驚而奪精, 汗出於心. 持重遠行, 汗出於腎. 疾走恐懼, 汗出於肝. 搖體勞苦, 汗出於脾.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: where one eats and drinks to great fullness, the sweat comes from the stomach. Where fright robs the essence, the sweat comes from the heart. Where one carries a weight a long way, the sweat comes from the kidney. Where one runs hard in fear, the sweat comes from the liver. Where one shakes the body in toil, the sweat comes from the spleen.
Clinical note임상 주석
Five occasions of sweating and the organ each draws on. The list is the Suwen's physiology of exertion: a heavy meal, a fright, a long carry, a desperate run, hard labour — and the tradition read the kind of sweat from what caused it.

Naegyeong 內經

5.4.6
Source원문

衛氣虛則汗多, 榮血虛則無汗. 《綱目》

Translation영역
Where the defence qi is vacuous there is much sweat; where the construction blood is vacuous there is no sweat.

Gangmok 綱目

5.4.7
Source원문

風病多汗, 風散氣故也詳見風門. 痰證亦有汗, 頭眩嘔逆, 宜芎夏湯方見痰飮. 火氣上蒸胃中之濕, 亦能作汗, 凉膈散方見火門主之. 《丹溪》

Translation영역
Wind diseases have much sweat, because wind scatters the qi treated in detail in the Wind chapter. Phlegm patterns also have sweat, with dizziness and retching — Chuanxiong and Pinellia Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter is appropriate. Fire qi steaming up the damp in the stomach can also make sweat, and Cool the Diaphragm Powder formula in the Fire chapter governs it.

Danggye 丹溪

5.5 Spontaneous Sweating 自汗

5.5.1
Source원문

自汗者, 無時而濈濈然出, 動則爲甚. 屬陽虛, 胃氣之所司也. 治法宜補陽調胃. 《正傳》

Translation영역
Spontaneous sweating comes out steadily at any time, and is worse on moving. It belongs to yang vacuity and is what the stomach qi has charge of; the method of treatment is to supplement the yang and regulate the stomach.
Clinical note임상 주석
The definition the rest of the section rests on: day sweats, worse on exertion, from the yang side failing. 5.6 will give the matching definition for night sweats, and every formula in the chapter is sorted by which of the two it answers.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.5.2
Source원문

靈樞曰, 衛氣者, 所以肥腠理, 司開闔者. 衛氣虛則腠理疎, 開闔無司而汗多矣.

Translation영역
The Lingshu says: the defence qi is what fills out the interstices and governs their opening and closing. Where the defence qi is vacuous the interstices are loose, the opening and closing has no one in charge, and sweating is much.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.5.3
Source원문

內經曰, 汗出偏沮, 使人偏枯.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: where sweat comes out on one side only, it makes a person withered on one side.
Clinical note임상 주석
偏沮, sweating on one side only, predicting 偏枯, hemiplegia — the Suwen's observation that asymmetric sweating goes with stroke. Anhidrosis on one side is a recognized sign of sympathetic damage, and the association is real.

Naegyeong 內經

5.5.4
Source원문

多汗身軟者, 濕也. 心主熱, 脾主濕, 濕熱相薄, 如地之蒸氣爲雲雨霧露. 宜調衛湯ㆍ玉屛風散. 胃熱者, 二甘湯. 《入門》

Translation영역
Much sweat with a limp body is damp. The heart governs heat and the spleen damp; damp and heat pressing on each other are like the earth's steaming qi becoming cloud, rain, mist and dew. Regulate the Defence Decoction and Jade Screen Powder are appropriate; for stomach heat, Two Licorices Decoction.

Immun 入門

5.5.5
Source원문

自汗屬氣虛, 屬濕與痰. 氣虛用人參ㆍ黃芪, 少加桂枝. 眞陽虛則少用附子童便煮. 《丹溪》

Translation영역
Spontaneous sweating belongs to qi vacuity, and to damp and phlegm. For qi vacuity use ginseng and astragalus with a little cinnamon twig added; where the true yang is vacuous use a little aconite boiled in child's urine.

Danggye 丹溪

5.5.6
Source원문

凡內傷及一切虛損之證, 自汗不止者, 總用補中益氣湯方見內傷, 少加附子ㆍ麻黃根ㆍ浮小麥, 其效如神. 但升麻ㆍ柴胡俱用蜜水製炒, 以殺其升發勇悍之性, 又欲引其參芪等藥至肌表也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
In internal damage and every kind of vacuity detriment, where spontaneous sweating will not stop, use Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter throughout, with a little aconite, ephedra root and light wheat added — the effect is divine. But the cimicifuga and bupleurum are both honey-water processed and fried, to kill their fierce upbearing nature, while still drawing the ginseng, astragalus and the rest out to the flesh and surface.
Clinical note임상 주석
Dongwon adjusting his own formula for sweating: the two lifting medicinals honey-fried so they carry the supplements to the surface without driving the sweat out harder. A processing detail that changes what the formula does.

Dongwon 東垣

5.5.7
Source원문

仲景桂枝湯, 治外感風邪自汗之聖藥也. 黃芪建中湯, 治外感氣虛自汗之神劑也. 補中益氣湯, 治內傷氣虛自汗之妙方也. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Zhongjing's Cinnamon Twig Decoction is the sage's medicine for spontaneous sweating from an external contraction of wind evil; Astragalus Fortify the Centre Decoction is the divine preparation for spontaneous sweating from an external contraction with qi vacuity; Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction is the wondrous formula for spontaneous sweating from internal damage with qi vacuity.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three formulas for three causes of the same sweat — wind at the surface, the surface weak, the centre weak — and Dongwon's sentence is the clearest triage in the section.

Dongwon 東垣

5.5.8
Source원문

傷寒自汗有九證詳見寒門.

Translation영역
In cold damage, spontaneous sweating has nine patterns treated in detail in the Cold Damage chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.5.9
Source원문

自汗通用黃芪湯ㆍ黃芪六一湯方見癰疽ㆍ參歸腰子ㆍ牡蠣散ㆍ小建中湯方見虛門ㆍ參芪湯ㆍ雙和湯方見虛門ㆍ桂附湯ㆍ朮苓湯ㆍ鎭液丹ㆍ參附湯ㆍ芪附湯.

Translation영역
For spontaneous sweating in general: Astragalus Decoction, Astragalus Six-to-One Decoction formula in the Welling Abscess chapter, Ginseng, Angelica and Pig's Heart, Oyster Shell Powder, Minor Fortify the Centre Decoction formula in the Vacuity chapter, Ginseng and Astragalus Decoction, Paired Harmony Decoction formula in the Vacuity chapter, Cinnamon and Aconite Decoction, Atractylodes and Poria Decoction, Settle the Fluids Elixir, Ginseng and Aconite Decoction and Astragalus and Aconite Decoction.
Clinical note임상 주석
Twelve formulas, eleven registered; Astragalus Six-to-One Decoction is in the Welling Abscess chapter. The list runs from mild to strong — the jade screen at one end and ginseng with aconite at the other.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.5.10
Source원문

黃芪建中湯, 乃本方加黃芪也, 治虛勞自汗. 當歸建中湯, 乃本方加當歸一兩也, 治血虛自汗. 桂枝附子湯, 乃本方加桂枝五錢ㆍ炮附子半箇也, 治自汗漏不止. 每服七錢, 薑七片, 棗二枚, 水煎服. 《得效》

Translation영역
Astragalus Fortify the Centre Decoction is the base formula with astragalus added, and treats spontaneous sweating from vacuity taxation. Angelica Fortify the Centre Decoction is the base formula with a nyang of angelica added, and treats spontaneous sweating from blood vacuity. Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction is the base formula with five don of cinnamon twig and half a blast-fried aconite added, and treats spontaneous sweating that leaks without stopping. Take 7 don a dose with 7 slices of ginger and 2 jujubes, decocted in water.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three variations on Sogeonjung-tang — add astragalus for the qi, angelica for the blood, cinnamon and aconite for the yang — which is how the tradition builds a family of formulas from one.

Deukhyo 得效

5.6 Night Sweating 盜汗

5.6.1
Source원문

內經曰, 腎病者, 寢汗出, 憎風. 註曰, 寢汗者, 盜汗也. 成無己曰, 盜汗者, 睡中汗出, 覺則止也.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: in kidney disease, sweat comes out in sleep and one hates the wind. The commentary says: sweat in sleep is night sweating. Cheng Wuji says: night sweating is sweat that comes out in sleep and stops on waking.
Clinical note임상 주석
盜汗 — the thief's sweat, that comes while one sleeps and is gone by the time one wakes. The name is exact.

Naegyeong 內經

5.6.2
Source원문

盜汗者, 寐中通身如浴, 覺來方知. 屬陰虛, 榮血之所主也. 宜補陰降火. 《正傳》

Translation영역
In night sweating, in sleep the whole body is as if bathed, and one knows it only on waking. It belongs to yin vacuity and is what the construction blood governs; supplement the yin and downbear the fire.
Clinical note임상 주석
The pair to 5.5.1: day sweats are yang vacuity and night sweats yin vacuity. Night sweats are the classic sign of tuberculosis, and the Worms chapter's 14.19.4 derived them from the same yin vacuity.

Jeongjeon 正傳

5.6.3
Source원문

盜汗乃陰虛血虛有火也. 當歸六黃湯甚妙. 又四物湯方見血門加知母ㆍ黃栢, 兼氣虛加參ㆍ朮ㆍ黃芪. 《丹心》

Translation영역
Night sweating is yin vacuity and blood vacuity with fire. Angelica Six Yellows Decoction is most excellent. Or Four Substances Decoction formula in the Blood chapter with anemarrhena and phellodendron added; where there is also qi vacuity, add ginseng, atractylodes and astragalus.
Clinical note임상 주석
當歸六黃湯 — the formula the tradition calls 盜汗之聖藥, the sage's medicine for night sweats, and it is still the first prescription for them. Astragalus to hold the surface, the two rehmannias for the yin, and three yellows for the fire.

Dansim 丹心

5.6.4
Source원문

盜汗腎火動甚, 宜正氣湯. 脾濕盛者, 宜四製白朮散. 肝熱者, 宜龍膽散. 欲眠目合則汗出者, 膽有熱也, 宜小柴胡湯方見寒門. 通用當歸地黃湯ㆍ牡蠣散ㆍ參芪湯.

Translation영역
Where in night sweating the kidney fire is greatly stirred, Rectify the Qi Decoction is appropriate; where spleen damp is exuberant, Four-Processed White Atractylodes Powder; where there is liver heat, Gentian Powder. Where sweat comes as soon as one closes the eyes to sleep, there is heat in the gallbladder — Minor Bupleurum Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter is appropriate. For general use, Angelica and Rehmannia Decoction, Oyster Shell Powder and Ginseng and Astragalus Decoction.
Clinical note임상 주석
欲眠目合則汗出 — sweating the moment the eyes close, before sleep has come. The Immun assigns it to the gallbladder, which the Gallbladder chapter's 7.7.3 made the organ of sleep. Night sweats sorted by four organs, each with its formula.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.6.5
Source원문

一童子, 自嬰至童, 盜汗七年, 諸藥不效. 用凉膈散ㆍ三黃元幷見火門, 三日病已. 盖腎主五液, 化爲五濕. 相火逼腎, 腎水上行, 乘心之虛而入手少陰; 心火炎上而入肺, 欺其不勝己也. 皮毛以是而開, 玄府不閉而爲汗. 先以凉膈散瀉胸中相火, 次以三黃丸瀉心火以助陰分, 則腎水還本, 汗自止矣. 《海藏》

Translation영역
A boy had night sweats from infancy into childhood, seven years, and no medicine worked. Cool the Diaphragm Powder and Three Yellows Pill both in the Fire chapter were used, and in three days the illness was over. The kidney governs the five fluids and transforms them into the five damps. The ministerial fire presses the kidney, and the kidney water runs upward, taking advantage of the heart's vacuity to enter the hand lesser yin; the heart fire flames upward and enters the lung, bullying what cannot overcome it. The skin and hair open because of this, the dark mansions do not close, and there is sweat. First Cool the Diaphragm Powder drains the ministerial fire in the chest; then Three Yellows Pill drains the heart fire to assist the yin division — and the kidney water returns to its root and the sweat stops of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
Seven years of a child's night sweats, cured in three days by purging the fire rather than supplementing. Wang Haogu's reasoning runs the fire through three organs to the skin, and the point of the case is that not every night sweat is a vacuity: 盜汗 in a robust child with a hot chest was drained, not fed.

Haejang 海藏

5.7 Sweating of the Head 頭汗

5.7.1
Source원문

頭者, 諸陽之會. 邪搏諸陽, 津液上湊, 則汗見於頭也. 《明理》

Translation영역
The head is where all the yang meet. When evil strikes the yang channels, the fluids surge upward, and sweat appears on the head.

Myeongni 明理

5.7.2
Source원문

頭者, 三陽之會. 盖三陰之脈至胸而還. 凡有頭汗出, 自是陽虛. 故曰汗出爲陽微, 是陰不得有汗也. 《本事》

Translation영역
The head is where the three yang meet; the three yin channels reach the chest and turn back. Whenever there is sweat on the head, that is of itself yang vacuity. So it is said that sweat coming out is the yang faint — the yin cannot have sweat.
Clinical note임상 주석
The yin channels stop at the chest and only the yang reach the head — so sweat confined to the head is a yang matter. The anatomy is the channel theory's, and the conclusion is the Bonsa's: a sweating head in a cold body is the yang failing.

Bonsa 本事

5.7.3
Source원문

頭汗出, 齊頸而還, 血證也. 額上偏多, 盖首者, 六陽之所會, 故熱氣熏蒸而汗出也. 以部分言之, 則頦屬腎, 額屬心. 三焦之火涸其腎水, 溝渠之餘, 迫而上入於心之分, 故發爲頭汗而額上偏多也治法詳見寒門. 《海藏》

Translation영역
Sweat on the head that stops at the neck is a blood pattern. That it is heaviest on the forehead is because the head is where the six yang meet, and so hot qi steams and sweat comes out. Speaking by region, the chin belongs to the kidney and the forehead to the heart; the three burners' fire dries the kidney water, and what is left in the channels is pressed upward into the heart's region, and so it breaks out as head sweat, heaviest on the forehead method of treatment in detail in the Cold Damage chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
齊頸而還 — sweat that stops at the neck like a collar. Zhongjing's sign for jaundice and blood amassment in the Cold Damage treatise, and Wang Haogu's reading of the forehead as the heart's region is the Face chapter's map applied to sweat.

Haejang 海藏

5.7.4
Source원문

濕家頭額汗出詳見濕門.

Translation영역
In damp patients the head and forehead sweat treated in detail in the Damp chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.7.5
Source원문

陽明胃實, 亦頭汗出詳見寒門.

Translation영역
In yang brightness stomach repletion there is also head sweating treated in detail in the Cold Damage chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.7.6
Source원문

水結胸, 亦頭汗出詳見胸部.

Translation영역
In water binding the chest there is also head sweating treated in detail in the Chest chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.8 Heart Sweat 心汗

5.8.1
Source원문

別處無汗, 獨心孔一處有汗, 思慮多則汗亦多, 病在於心. 宜陳艾湯. 《丹溪》

Translation영역
Where there is no sweat elsewhere and only the one place at the pit of the heart sweats, and the more one thinks and worries the more it sweats, the disease is in the heart. Aged Mugwort Decoction is appropriate.
Clinical note임상 주석
思慮多則汗亦多 — the more one worries, the more it sweats. Danxi's heart sweat is tied to the mind, and the patient who sweats only over the sternum when anxious is recognizable.

Danggye 丹溪

5.8.2
Source원문

思慮過度, 以致心孔獨有汗出, 宜陳艾湯. 又法, 靑桑第二番葉, 帶露採, 陰乾焙爲末, 每二錢, 空心米飮調下, 又止盜汗. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where excessive thought and worry lead to sweat at the pit of the heart alone, Aged Mugwort Decoction is appropriate. Another method: the second flush of green mulberry leaves, gathered with the dew on them, dried in the shade, baked and powdered — 2 don at a time on an empty stomach stirred into rice water. It also stops night sweats.
Clinical note임상 주석
桑葉帶露採 — mulberry leaves picked with the dew still on them. The simple is the tradition's standing remedy for night sweats, and the timing of the harvest is part of the prescription.

Immun 入門

5.8.3
Source원문

凡心腋汗, 大人乃心血溢盛, 面常發赤者是也. 小兒因驚得之. 有人患心腋盜汗, 久不止, 用參歸腰子方見上以收斂心血, 遂愈. 《得效》

Translation영역
Sweating of the heart and armpits in adults is the heart's blood overflowing — the kind whose face is always flushing red. In children it is got from fright. A man suffered night sweats of heart and armpits that would not stop for long; Ginseng, Angelica and Pig's Heart formula above was used to gather in the heart's blood, and he was healed.

Deukhyo 得效

5.8.4
Source원문

心汗, 宜茯苓補心湯.

Translation영역
For heart sweat, Poria Supplement the Heart Decoction is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.9 Sweating of the Hands and Feet 手足汗

5.9.1
Source원문

手足汗者, 津液自胃府傍達於外, 則手足自汗. 有熱聚胃府, 逼而出之者, 此陽明證也. 宜大柴胡湯方見寒門下之. 《入門》

Translation영역
In sweating of the hands and feet, the fluids reach out sideways from the stomach bowel to the exterior, and the hands and feet sweat of themselves. Where heat has gathered in the stomach bowel and presses it out, this is a yang brightness pattern; Major Bupleurum Decoction formula in the Cold Damage chapter should purge it.
Clinical note임상 주석
The stomach rules the four limbs, so the limbs' sweat is read as the stomach's — and where it comes with heat, the Immun purges. Palmar hyperhidrosis in an otherwise hot, constipated patient is what this describes.

Immun 入門

5.9.2
Source원문

手足汗, 用芩連栢幷補劑, 皆不效. 後以八物湯加半夏ㆍ茯苓爲君, 白附子ㆍ川烏爲佐使, 服之其汗卽無. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For sweating of hands and feet, scutellaria, coptis and phellodendron and supplementing preparations were used, and none worked. Then Eight Substances Decoction with pinellia and poria added as sovereign and typhonium and aconite main root as assistants and envoys was taken, and the sweat was gone at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
A failed treatment recorded honestly before the one that worked — cooling and supplementing both useless, and phlegm medicinals with two warm, toxic ones the answer. The Gangmok's point is that palm sweating can be phlegm.

Gangmok 綱目

5.9.3
Source원문

治脚汗方, 白礬ㆍ乾葛 各五錢, 爲末, 水三椀, 煎十數沸, 逐日洗而纏之, 三五日自止. 《本事》

Translation영역
A formula for sweaty feet: alum and dried pueraria 5 don each, powdered, boiled in three wan of water for a dozen or so boilings; wash the feet in it every day and bind them, and in three to five days it stops of itself.
Clinical note임상 주석
A foot soak of alum — which is exactly what an antiperspirant is. Aluminium salts are the active ingredient in every modern antiperspirant, and Xu Shuwei's footbath works the same way.

Bonsa 本事

5.9.4
Source원문

牡礬丹, 治兩腋汗ㆍ兩脚心汗, 久不愈者, 宜用方見前陰.

Translation영역
Oyster Shell and Alum Elixir treats sweating of both armpits and both soles that has not healed for long, and should be used formula in the Genitals chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.10 Sweating of the Genitals 陰汗

5.10.1
Source원문

陰汗, 腎虛陽衰也. 宜局方安腎丸方見腰門.

Translation영역
Genital sweating is kidney vacuity with the yang declining. The Gukbang's Quiet the Kidney Pill formula in the Lumbus chapter is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.10.2
Source원문

治陰汗不止, 宜小安腎元方見虛勞, 以乾舊醬煎湯, 入鹽少許, 呑下. 大蒜元亦可. 又方, 蛇床子酒浸炒ㆍ白礬ㆍ陳醬, 煎水淋洗患處. 《得效》

Translation영역
For genital sweating that will not stop, Minor Quiet the Kidney Pill formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter is appropriate, swallowed with a decoction of old dried soy paste with a little salt added; Garlic Pill will also do. Another formula: cnidium seed steeped in wine and fried, alum and aged soy paste, boiled in water and poured over the affected place to wash it.

Deukhyo 得效

5.10.3
Source원문

治陰囊汗, 密陀僧爲末極細, 和蛤粉, 撲傅汗處. 《丹心》

Translation영역
For sweating of the scrotum, litharge powdered extremely fine, mixed with clam shell powder and patted on the sweating place.
Clinical note임상 주석
**Litharge (lead monoxide) is toxic and must not be applied to the skin.**

Dansim 丹心

5.10.4
Source원문

陰汗, 宜爐甘石 二錢半, 蚌粉ㆍ黃連ㆍ五倍子 各一錢二分半. 右爲末, 先以露蜂房ㆍ大腹皮煎湯洗, 後糝之. 《直指》

Translation영역
For genital sweating: calamine 2 don 5 pun; mussel shell powder, coptis and gallnut 1 don 2 pun 5 ri each. Powder them; first wash with a decoction of wasp's nest and areca husk, then sprinkle the powder on.
Clinical note임상 주석
爐甘石 — calamine, still the standard soothing powder for a damp itching groin. The Jikji's recipe is essentially calamine lotion with an astringent and an antiseptic added.

Jikji 直指

5.11 Bloody Sweat 血汗

5.11.1
Source원문

詳見血門.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Blood chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.12 Yellow Sweat 黃汗

5.12.1
Source원문

詳見疸門.

Translation영역
Treated in detail in the Jaundice chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.13 The Pattern of Leaking Wind 漏風證

5.13.1
Source원문

黃帝問曰, 有病身熱懈墮, 汗出如浴, 惡風少氣, 此爲何病. 岐伯對曰, 病名酒風, 一名漏風. 漏風之狀, 或多汗, 常不可單衣, 食則汗出, 甚則身熱, 喘息, 衣常濡, 口乾善渴, 不能勞事. 《內經》 白朮散主之.

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor asked: there is an illness with the body hot and sluggish, sweat pouring as if bathed, aversion to wind and scant qi — what disease is this? Qi Bo answered: the disease is named wine wind, also called leaking wind. The picture of leaking wind is that there may be much sweat so that one can never bear even a single layer of clothing; on eating, sweat comes out; at the worst the body is hot, the breath pants, the clothes are always damp, the mouth is dry with much thirst, and one cannot labour. White Atractylodes Powder governs it.
Clinical note임상 주석
酒風, wine wind — the drinker's sweat, named for its cause in the Suwen itself. The Hagan formula registered for it warns that left untreated it becomes wasting thirst, and heavy drinkers do develop diabetes more often.

Naegyeong 內經

5.14 The Pattern of Yang Collapse 亡陽證

5.14.1
Source원문

凡汗多不止, 謂之亡陽. 又汗不得出, 亦謂之亡陽. 如心痛胸煩, 面靑膚冷者, 難治. 色黃, 手足溫者, 可治. 《入門》

Translation영역
Whenever the sweat is much and will not stop, it is called yang collapse; and where sweat cannot come out, that too is called yang collapse. Where there is heart pain and vexation of the chest, a blue face and cold skin, it is hard to treat; where the colour is yellow and the hands and feet warm, it can be treated.
Clinical note임상 주석
Two opposite signs under one name — too much sweat and none at all — because both mean the yang has gone. Cold blue skin against warm hands is the prognosis, and it is a sound one: the peripheral circulation tells you whether the patient is in shock.

Immun 入門

5.14.2
Source원문

凡汗漏不止, 則眞陽脫亡, 故謂之亡陽. 其身必冷, 多成痺寒矣. 《入門》

Translation영역
Whenever sweat leaks without stopping, the true yang deserts and is lost, and so it is called yang collapse. The body will surely be cold, and it often turns into impediment and cold.

Immun 入門

5.14.3
Source원문

凡發汗過多, 則陽虛不固, 汗出多則津液亡而小便難. 四肢者, 諸陽之本. 液脫者, 骨屬屈伸不利. 是以四肢拘急, 桂枝附子湯主之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Whenever sweating has been induced too much, the yang is vacuous and does not hold; the sweat being much, the fluids are lost and urination is difficult. The four limbs are the root of all the yang, and where the thick fluid deserts the bony joints do not bend and stretch freely; so the four limbs are cramped, and Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction governs it.
Clinical note임상 주석
The iatrogenic case: a sweat pushed too far, leaving scant urine and cramped limbs — the dehydration the Sweating chapter warns against, and 5.1.2's loss of the thick fluid made visible. The formula is Zhongjing's.

Immun 入門

5.14.4
Source원문

汗多亡陽, 宜用止汗法見下. 陽虛亡陽不得汗, 宜陶氏再造散方見寒門.

Translation영역
For yang collapse from much sweating, the methods for stopping sweat should be used see below. For yang collapse from yang vacuity with no sweat, Master Tao's Remake Powder formula in the Cold Damage chapter is appropriate.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.15 Methods for Stopping Sweat 止汗法

5.15.1
Source원문

汗出不止, 恐作亡陽. 宜以溫粉ㆍ紅粉撲之. 又用獨勝散塡臍.

Translation영역
Where sweat does not stop, one fears it will become yang collapse. Pat on Warm Powder and Red Powder, and use Solitary Victory Powder packed into the navel.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three external methods — two dusting powders and a navel pack — for a patient who cannot safely take more by mouth. All three are registered, and the chapter treats sweating from the outside as seriously as from within.

Immun 入門

5.15.2
Source원문

或牡蠣ㆍ麥麩ㆍ麻黃根ㆍ藁本ㆍ糯米ㆍ防風ㆍ白芷 等分爲末, 周身撲傅. 《入門》

Translation영역
Or oyster shell, wheat bran, ephedra root, ligusticum, glutinous rice, saposhnikovia and angelica dahurica in equal parts, powdered and patted all over the body.

Immun 入門

5.15.3
Source원문

誤用麻黃, 令人亡陽汗出不止. 將病人頭髮水浸, 外用糯米粉幷龍骨ㆍ牡蠣末撲傅之. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where ephedra has been used by mistake and made a person collapse into sweating that will not stop, soak the patient's hair in water, and outwardly pat on glutinous rice flour with powdered dragon bone and oyster shell.
Clinical note임상 주석
The antidote to an ephedra overdose — soak the hair and powder the skin. Ephedra's sweating and its dangers were well known, and this is the tradition's first aid for them.

Immun 入門

5.16 Absence of Sweat 無汗

5.16.1
Source원문

汗者, 血之異名. 故靈樞曰, 奪血者無汗, 奪汗者無血.

Translation영역
Sweat is another name for blood. So the Lingshu says: one whose blood has been taken has no sweat; one whose sweat has been taken has no blood.
Clinical note임상 주석
奪血者無汗, 奪汗者無血 — do not sweat the bled, do not bleed the sweated. The Lingshu's rule, and the Sweating and Blood chapters both rest on it: a patient who has lost blood has lost fluid, and forcing a sweat on him takes more.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.16.2
Source원문

盛夏浴食無汗, 爲表實. 表實者無汗. 《丹溪》

Translation영역
Where in high summer one bathes and eats and does not sweat, it is surface repletion. Surface repletion has no sweat.

Danggye 丹溪

5.16.3
Source원문

三陽實, 三陰虛, 汗不出. 三陰實, 三陽虛, 汗不止. 《直指》

Translation영역
Where the three yang are replete and the three yin vacuous, sweat does not come out. Where the three yin are replete and the three yang vacuous, sweat does not stop.

Jikji 直指

5.16.4
Source원문

眞氣已虧, 胃中火盛, 則汗出不休. 胃中眞氣已竭, 若陰火已衰, 則無汗反燥, 乃陰陽俱衰, 四時無汗, 其形不久. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Where the true qi is already depleted and the fire in the stomach exuberant, sweat comes out without rest. Where the true qi in the stomach is already exhausted and the yin fire too has declined, there is no sweat and instead dryness — yin and yang both declined, no sweat in any season, and the body does not last long.
Clinical note임상 주석
四時無汗, 其形不久 — no sweat in any season, and the body does not last. Dongwon on the patient who has stopped sweating altogether, and it is the end-stage wasting where there is nothing left to sweat with.

Dongwon 東垣

5.16.5
Source원문

傷寒陰證皆無汗詳見寒門.

Translation영역
The yin patterns of cold damage all have no sweat treated in detail in the Cold Damage chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.16.6
Source원문

陽氣有餘, 爲身熱無汗. 陰氣有餘, 爲多汗身寒. 陰陽有餘, 則無汗而寒. 《內經》

Translation영역
Where the yang qi is in surplus there is a hot body without sweat; where the yin qi is in surplus, much sweat with a cold body; where both yin and yang are in surplus, no sweat and cold.

Naegyeong 內經

5.17 The Expiring Sweat 絶汗

5.17.1
Source원문

謂出汗如珠, 不流, 復旋乾也. 《內經註》

Translation영역
This means sweat that comes out like pearls, does not run, and dries again at once.
Clinical note임상 주석
如珠, 不流 — beads that do not run. The cold, sticky sweat of a dying patient, which stands on the skin rather than flowing, and every organ chapter's expiry section named it.

Naegyeong-ju 內經註

5.17.2
Source원문

六陽氣俱絶, 則絶汗乃出, 朝占夕死, 夕占朝死. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
Where the six yang qi are all cut off, the expiring sweat comes out: seen in the morning, death by evening; seen in the evening, death by morning.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.18 The Soft Sweat 柔汗

5.18.1
Source원문

仲景傷寒論曰, 柔汗發黃, 爲脾絶. 釋曰, 柔爲陰, 柔汗卽冷汗也. 一云油汗, 卽粘汗也.

Translation영역
Zhongjing's Treatise on Cold Damage says: a soft sweat with yellowing is the spleen expiring. The explanation: soft is yin, and the soft sweat is a cold sweat. One version says the oily sweat, which is a sticky sweat.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Spleen chapter's 4.11.4 gave this sign; here it is defined. 柔汗 is the clammy cold sweat of shock, and the variant reading 油汗, oily sweat, is 5.19's.

Junggyeong 仲景

5.19 Ominous Signs in Sweating 汗出凶證

5.19.1
Source원문

傷寒熱病, 汗出髮潤, 一不治也. 汗出如油, 二不治也. 汗凝如珠, 三不治也. 《直指》

Translation영역
In cold damage and heat disease: sweat wetting the hair is the first sign of the untreatable; sweat like oil the second; sweat congealing like pearls the third.
Clinical note임상 주석
Three untreatable sweats, and each is a real terminal sign: the scalp soaked, the skin greasy, and the beads that stand and do not run. The Lung chapter's 5.11.3 gave the first of them for the lung's end.

Jikji 直指

5.19.2
Source원문

傷寒熱病, 頭汗如珠不流者, 陽脫卽死. 《入門》

Translation영역
In cold damage and heat disease, where the head's sweat is like pearls and does not run, the yang has deserted, and death follows at once.

Immun 入門

5.19.3
Source원문

傷寒汗出髮潤, 與其出如油, 或大如貫珠, 着身出而不流, 皆爲不治之證. 《明理》

Translation영역
In cold damage, sweat that wets the hair, or comes out like oil, or large as strung pearls that stick to the body and do not run — all are untreatable patterns.

Myeongni 明理

5.19.4
Source원문

傷寒脈浮洪, 汗出如油, 髮潤, 喘不休, 爲命絶, 不治. 《仲景》

Translation영역
In cold damage, where the pulse is floating and surging, sweat comes out like oil, the hair is wet and the panting does not stop, life is cut off, and it is not to be treated.

Junggyeong 仲景

5.19.5
Source원문

傷寒陽病自汗有九證, 皆有治法. 陰病不得有汗. 惟陰毒, 則額上手背有冷汗, 甚者如水洗. 此是陽虛陰盛, 亡陽而將脫也, 其死必矣. 《活人》

Translation영역
In cold damage the yang diseases have nine patterns of spontaneous sweating, all with methods of treatment; the yin diseases cannot have sweat. Only in yin toxin is there cold sweat on the forehead and the backs of the hands, at the worst as if washed with water. This is yang vacuous and yin exuberant, the yang collapsing and about to desert — death is certain.
Clinical note임상 주석
Cold sweat on the forehead and the backs of the hands — the Book for Saving Life's sign of the end, and it is where the clammy sweat of circulatory collapse shows first.

Hwarinseo 活人

5.20 Prohibitions 禁忌

5.20.1
Source원문

冬月天地閉, 血氣藏, 縱有病, 亦不宜多出汗. 《活人》

Translation영역
In the winter months heaven and earth are closed and the blood and qi stored; even if there is illness, one should not sweat much.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Body chapter's 1.14 winter rule — do not let out through the skin — applied to treatment: a physician should not sweat a patient hard in winter.

Hwarinseo 活人

5.20.2
Source원문

自汗大忌生薑, 以其開腠理故也. 《丹溪》

Translation영역
In spontaneous sweating, fresh ginger is greatly to be avoided, because it opens the interstices.

Danggye 丹溪

5.20.3
Source원문

自汗, 凡辛辣之味, 五辛之屬, 幷忌食之.

Translation영역
In spontaneous sweating, all acrid and pungent flavours — the five pungent things and their kind — are to be avoided in the diet.
Clinical note임상 주석
No ginger, no garlic, no pepper for a patient who sweats too much — the foods that open the surface are kept from a surface that is already open. Gustatory sweating is triggered by exactly these.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.21 Accumulated Qi Engenders Fluid 積氣生液

5.21.1
Source원문

古聖曰, 陽中生陰, 陰中生陽. 氣中生液, 液中生氣. 又曰, 積液生氣, 積氣生液. 《直格書》

Translation영역
The ancient sages said: within yang yin is engendered, within yin yang is engendered; within qi fluid is engendered, within fluid qi is engendered. It is also said: accumulated fluid engenders qi, and accumulated qi engenders fluid.

Jikgyeokseo 直格書

5.21.2
Source원문

朱子曰, 陽變陰合, 初生水火. 水火, 氣也, 流動閃爍, 其體尙虛, 其形猶未定. 次生木金, 則確然有定形矣. 水火初是自生也.

Translation영역
Master Zhu said: yang transforms and yin joins, and first water and fire are engendered. Water and fire are qi — flowing, moving, flickering; their substance is still empty and their form not yet fixed. Next wood and metal are engendered, and then there is firmly a fixed form. Water and fire are at first engendered of themselves.

Juja 朱子

5.21.3
Source원문

程子曰, 坎, 水也. 一始於中, 有生之最先者也. 魯齋鮑氏曰, 物之初生, 其形皆水. 水者, 萬物之一原也. 或問曰, 天一生水, 亦有可驗乎. 曰, 人之一身可驗矣. 貪心動則津生, 哀心動則淚生, 愧心動則汗生, 慾心動則精生. 方人心寂然不動之時, 則太極也. 此心之動, 則太極動而生陽. 所以心一動而水生, 卽可以爲天一生水之證也.

Translation영역
Master Cheng said: kan is water; the one begins in the centre, and it is the very first of what has life. Bao of Luzhai said: when things are first born, their form is all water; water is the one origin of the ten thousand things. Someone asked: that heaven's one engenders water — can it be verified? The answer: in a person's own body it can. When greed stirs the mind, saliva is engendered; when grief stirs it, tears; when shame stirs it, sweat; when desire stirs it, semen. When a person's mind is still and unmoved, that is the supreme ultimate; when this mind moves, the supreme ultimate moves and engenders yang. So that the mind has only to stir once and water is engendered — this can be taken as proof that heaven's one engenders water.
Clinical note임상 주석
The chapter's philosophy in one observation: 貪心動則津生, 哀心動則淚生, 愧心動則汗生, 慾心動則精生 — greed makes the mouth water, grief makes tears, shame makes sweat, desire makes semen. Four emotions, four fluids, and it is all true. The Neo-Confucians used it to prove a cosmology; it is also simply accurate about the body.

Jeongja 程子

5.21.4
Source원문

夫水生於陽而成於陰. 氣始動而陽生, 氣聚而靜則成水. 觀呵氣可見. 盖神爲氣主, 神動則氣隨, 氣爲水母, 氣聚則水生. 《正理》

Translation영역
Water is engendered by yang and completed by yin. When the qi first stirs yang is engendered; when the qi gathers and is still, it becomes water. One can see it by breathing out on something. For spirit is the master of qi — when spirit moves, qi follows — and qi is the mother of water — when qi gathers, water is engendered.
Clinical note임상 주석
觀呵氣可見 — see it by breathing on something. Breathe on cold glass and water forms from the breath: the qi becoming water in front of your eyes. The chapter proves its doctrine with condensation.

Jeongni 正理

5.22 Tears 泣

5.22.1
Source원문

難經曰, 腎主液, 入肝爲泣.

Translation영역
The Nanjing says: the kidney governs the fluids; entering the liver they become tears.

Nangyeong 難經

5.22.2
Source원문

黃帝曰, 人之哀而泣涕出者, 何氣使然. 岐伯曰, 心者, 五藏六府之主也. 目者, 宗脈之所聚也, 上液之道也. 口鼻者, 氣之門戶也. 故悲哀愁憂則心動, 心動則五藏六府皆搖, 搖則宗脈感, 宗脈感則液道開, 液道開故泣涕出焉. 液者, 所以灌精濡空竅者也. 故上液之道開則泣, 泣不止則液竭, 液竭則精不灌, 精不灌則目無所見矣, 命曰奪精. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor said: when a person grieves and tears and mucus come out, what qi makes it so? Qi Bo said: the heart is the master of the five viscera and six bowels. The eyes are where the gathering vessels meet, the road of the upper fluid; the mouth and nose are the gates of the qi. So when grief, sorrow and worry stir the heart, the heart's stirring shakes the five viscera and six bowels; the shaking moves the gathering vessels; the gathering vessels moved, the fluid's road opens; and the fluid's road open, tears and mucus come out. The fluid is what irrigates the essence and moistens the hollow orifices. So when the upper fluid's road opens there are tears; tears that do not stop exhaust the fluid; the fluid exhausted, the essence is not irrigated; the essence not irrigated, the eyes see nothing — this is called robbed essence.
Clinical note임상 주석
Why crying makes the nose run as well as the eyes — the Lingshu's answer is that grief opens one road that both share. And the warning at the end, that weeping too long dims the eyes, is the tradition's reason for telling the bereaved to stop.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.22.3
Source원문

又曰, 五藏六府之津液, 盡上滲于目. 心悲氣幷, 則心系急, 心系急則肺擧, 肺擧則液上溢. 夫心系與肺不能常擧, 乍上乍下, 故咳而泣出矣. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
It also says: the fluids of the five viscera and six bowels all seep upward into the eyes. When the heart grieves and the qi gathers, the heart's cord tightens; when it tightens the lung lifts; when the lung lifts the fluid overflows upward. The heart's cord and the lung cannot stay lifted, but go now up and now down, and so one coughs and the tears come out.
Clinical note임상 주석
The sob explained: the chest lifting and dropping, catching the breath, and the tears coming with each catch. The Speech chapter's 4.16 gave the same tightened heart's cord for the sigh.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.22.4
Source원문

老人膽汁乾, 哭則無淚, 笑則有淚, 火盛水虧也. 故膽熱者亦流淚. 《入門》

Translation영역
In the old the gallbladder's juice is dry: weeping they have no tears, and laughing they have tears — fire exuberant and water depleted. So those with gallbladder heat also shed tears.
Clinical note임상 주석
哭則無淚, 笑則有淚 — dry-eyed when crying, weeping when laughing. The Appendix on the Aged's 2.1 gave the same sign among the seven orifices going contrary, and it is a real feature of old age: dry eye with reflex tearing.

Immun 入門

5.23 Mucus 涕

5.23.1
Source원문

內經曰, 泣涕者, 腦也. 腦者, 陰也. 腦滲爲涕.

Translation영역
The Neijing says: tears and mucus are the brain. The brain is yin. The brain seeping makes mucus.
Clinical note임상 주석
腦滲爲涕 — mucus is the brain seeping. The tradition's account of nasal discharge as something that drains down from the head, and after a head injury clear fluid from the nose is exactly that.

Naegyeong 內經

5.23.2
Source원문

難經曰, 腎主液, 入肺爲涕. 涕者, 肺之液也.

Translation영역
The Nanjing says: the kidney governs the fluids; entering the lung they become mucus. Mucus is the lung's fluid.

Nangyeong 難經

5.23.3
Source원문

膽移熱於腦, 則辛頞鼻淵. 鼻淵者, 濁涕下不止也詳見鼻門.

Translation영역
Where the gallbladder moves heat to the brain, there is stinging at the bridge of the nose and nasal deep-source. Nasal deep-source is turbid mucus coming down without stopping treated in detail in the Nose chapter.
Clinical note임상 주석
鼻淵, the nasal deep-source — chronic sinusitis, with the constant thick discharge and the ache at the bridge of the nose. The Suwen's name is still the one used.

Naegyeong 內經

5.23.4
Source원문

肺熱則涕出黃濁如膿, 大如彈丸, 從鼻中出. 不出則傷肺, 傷肺則死也詳見鼻門.

Translation영역
Where the lung is hot, mucus comes out yellow and turbid like pus, as large as a bullet, from the nose. If it does not come out it damages the lung, and a damaged lung means death treated in detail in the Nose chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.23.5
Source원문

傷風則決然鼻流淸涕. 《綱目》

Translation영역
In wind damage, clear mucus runs from the nose in a stream.

Gangmok 綱目

5.23.6
Source원문

鼻流濁涕者, 屬風熱也. 鼻流淸涕者, 屬肺冷也. 《回春》

Translation영역
A nose running with turbid mucus belongs to wind heat; a nose running with clear mucus belongs to lung cold.
Clinical note임상 주석
Clear for cold and thick for heat — the rule that sorts a runny nose, and the one a patient can apply themselves. It matches the course of a cold: clear at the start, thick as it turns.

Hoechun 回春

5.24 Drool 涎

5.24.1
Source원문

口角流出而不禁者, 涎也. 《直指》

Translation영역
What flows from the corners of the mouth and cannot be held back is drool.

Jikji 直指

5.24.2
Source원문

涎者, 脾之液也. 脾熱則涎出. 《內經註》

Translation영역
Drool is the spleen's fluid. Where the spleen is hot, drool comes out.

Naegyeong-ju 內經註

5.24.3
Source원문

黃帝曰, 人之涎下者, 何氣使然. 岐伯曰, 飮食者皆入於胃, 胃中有熱則蟲動, 蟲動則胃緩, 胃緩則廉泉開, 故涎下. 《靈樞》

Translation영역
The Yellow Emperor said: when a person drools, what qi makes it so? Qi Bo said: food and drink all enter the stomach; where there is heat in the stomach the worms stir, the worms stirring the stomach slackens, the stomach slackening the Yeomcheon point opens, and so drool comes down.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Worms chapter's 14.6.2 in its original setting — drooling from worms stirring in a hot stomach, and the Worms chapter made drool the sign common to all worms.

Yeongchu 靈樞

5.24.4
Source원문

一人口流涎不止, 喜笑, 舌瘖, 脈洪大. 用芩ㆍ連ㆍ梔ㆍ栢ㆍ蒼ㆍ白朮ㆍ半夏ㆍ竹瀝ㆍ薑汁服之, 五日涎止笑息. 《綱目》

Translation영역
A man drooled without stopping, laughed readily, was mute in the tongue, and his pulse was surging and large. Scutellaria, coptis, gardenia, phellodendron, both atractylodes, pinellia, bamboo sap and ginger juice were taken, and in five days the drooling stopped and the laughing ceased.
Clinical note임상 주석
Drooling, uncontrollable laughter and loss of speech together — the Speech chapter's 4.9.8 described the same patient, and the combination reads as pseudobulbar palsy after a stroke.

Gangmok 綱目

5.24.5
Source원문

口角流涎不止, 口眼喎斜, 以通天愈風湯煎水, 呑下淸心導痰丸五十粒而愈. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For drool running from the corners of the mouth without stopping, with the mouth and eyes awry, decoct Reach Heaven and Cure Wind Decoction and swallow fifty pills of Clear the Heart and Guide Out Phlegm Pill with it — and it heals.
Clinical note임상 주석
口眼喎斜 — the mouth and eye pulled crooked: facial palsy, and the drool is from the side that has lost its tone. A decoction and a pill taken together, both registered.

Gangmok 綱目

5.24.6
Source원문

時常吐淸水, 冷涎自下涌上者, 脾熱所致. 二陳湯方見痰飮加白朮ㆍ白芍藥ㆍ升麻ㆍ土炒芩連ㆍ梔子ㆍ神麴ㆍ麥芽ㆍ乾生薑, 或丸或煎服. 《入門》

Translation영역
Where one often brings up clear water, the cold drool surging up from below, it is caused by spleen heat. Two Matured Ingredients Decoction formula in the Phlegm chapter with white atractylodes, white peony, cimicifuga, earth-fried scutellaria and coptis, gardenia, leaven, barley sprout and dried fresh ginger added, as pills or decocted.

Immun 入門

5.25 Spittle 唾

5.25.1
Source원문

唾者, 腎之液也. 內經曰, 腎爲唾. 唾生於牙齒.

Translation영역
Spittle is the kidney's fluid. The Neijing says: the kidney makes spittle. Spittle is engendered at the teeth.

Naegyeong 內經

5.25.2
Source원문

腎冷則多唾, 腎熱則無唾.

Translation영역
Where the kidney is cold there is much spittle; where the kidney is hot, no spittle.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.25.3
Source원문

水之在口曰華池, 亦曰玉泉. 黃庭經曰, 玉泉淸水灌靈根, 審能修之可長存. 靈根者, 舌也. 《活人心》

Translation영역
The water in the mouth is called the flowery pool, and also the jade spring. The Yellow Court Classic says: the clear water of the jade spring irrigates the numinous root; one who can truly cultivate it may live long. The numinous root is the tongue.
Clinical note임상 주석
The Body chapter's 1.19 and 1.22 — the saliva swallowed in cultivation — with its source in the Yellow Court Classic. 靈根, the numinous root, is the tongue, and the spring is what wets it.

Hwarinsim 活人心

5.25.4
Source원문

大病差後, 喜唾者, 胃上有寒, 宜理中丸溫之. 《仲景》

Translation영역
After a great illness has mended, where one is given to spitting, there is cold above the stomach; Regulate the Centre Pill should warm it.

Junggyeong 仲景

5.25.5
Source원문

大病新愈, 喜唾不休, 或唾白沫者, 胃口上停寒也, 理中丸方見寒門加益智仁. 《東垣》

Translation영역
Newly recovered from a great illness, where one spits without cease or spits white foam, cold has lodged above the stomach's mouth; Regulate the Centre Pill formula in the Cold Damage chapter with alpinia added.

Dongwon 東垣

5.25.6
Source원문

蟲證多涎唾詳見蟲門.

Translation영역
Worm patterns have much drool and spittle treated in detail in the Worms chapter.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.26 The Method of Returning the Fluid 迴津法

5.26.1
Source원문

眞人曰, 常習不唾地. 盖口中津液是金漿玉醴, 能終日不唾, 常含而嚥之, 令人精氣常留, 面目有光. 盖人身以津液爲本, 在皮爲汗, 在肉爲血, 在腎爲精, 在口爲津, 伏脾爲痰, 在眼爲淚. 曰汗曰血曰淚曰精, 已出則皆不可迴. 惟津唾則獨可迴, 迴則生生之意又續矣. 有人喜唾, 液乾而體枯, 遇至人, 敎以迴津之術, 久而體復潤矣. 《延壽書》

Translation영역
The True Man said: always practise not spitting on the ground. The fluid in the mouth is golden syrup and jade wine; one who can go a whole day without spitting, always holding it and swallowing, keeps the essential qi, and the face and eyes have a sheen. For the body takes the fluids as its root: in the skin they are sweat, in the flesh blood, in the kidney essence, in the mouth saliva, hidden in the spleen phlegm, in the eyes tears. Sweat, blood, tears and essence, once they have left, cannot be brought back; only saliva can be brought back, and brought back, the impulse of life continues. A man was given to spitting, and his fluids dried and his body withered; he met a perfected man who taught him the art of returning the fluid, and in time his body was moist again.
Clinical note임상 주석
惟津唾則獨可迴 — of all the body's fluids, only saliva can be taken back. The reason the Body chapter's cultivators never spat, stated as a rule: sweat, blood, tears and semen are spent once they leave, but saliva can be swallowed again. The Body chapter's 1.25.1 put 不唾地 among the maxims for the wall.

Yeonsuseo 延壽書

5.27 Medicines for General Use 通治藥

5.27.1
Source원문

自汗ㆍ盜汗ㆍ諸汗, 通用黃芪湯ㆍ牡蠣散方見上ㆍ補中益氣湯方見內傷ㆍ雙和湯方見虛勞.

Translation영역
For spontaneous sweating, night sweating and all sweats, Astragalus Decoction, Oyster Shell Powder formulas above, Supplement the Centre and Boost the Qi Decoction formula in the Internal Damage chapter and Paired Harmony Decoction formula in the Vacuity Taxation chapter are in general use.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.28 Simple Medicinals 單方

5.28.1
Source원문

凡二十五種.

Translation영역
Twenty-five kinds in all.
Clinical note임상 주석
Twenty-five simples in two groups, and the division is the chapter's. The first fourteen make a person sweat — gypsum, pueraria, ephedra, ginger, duckweed, schizonepeta, mint, scallion, perilla, honeysuckle stem, asarum, apricot kernel, fermented soybean and white atractylodes. The last eleven stop sweating — cinnamon twig, jujube kernel, mulberry leaf, oyster shell, light wheat, saposhnikovia, astragalus, ephedra root, zanthoxylum seed, mume and white poria. Ephedra is in the first group and its root in the second: the same plant opens the pores from the stem and closes them from the root.

Donguibogam · Jinaek

5.29 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 鍼灸法

5.29.1
Source원문

盜汗不止, 取陰郄瀉之. 《綱目》

Translation영역
For night sweating that will not stop, take Eumgeuk (陰郄, HT6) and drain it.
Clinical note임상 주석
Eumgeuk, the heart channel's cleft point — the heart owns sweat, and this is the point still needled first for night sweats.

Gangmok 綱目

5.29.2
Source원문

汗不出, 取曲差.

Translation영역
Where sweat will not come out, take Gokcha (曲差, BL4).

Gabeulgyeong 甲乙經

5.29.3
Source원문

盜汗, 取陰都ㆍ五里ㆍ間使ㆍ中極ㆍ氣海.

Translation영역
For night sweating, take Eumdo (陰都, KI19), Ori (五里, LR10), Gansa (間使, PC5), Junggeuk (中極, CV3) and Gihae (氣海, CV6).

Gabeulgyeong 甲乙經

5.29.4
Source원문

虛損盜汗, 取百勞ㆍ肺兪. 《甲乙經》

Translation영역
For night sweating from vacuity detriment, take Baengno (百勞) and Pyesu (肺兪, BL13).

Gabeulgyeong 甲乙經

5.29.5
Source원문

傷寒汗不出, 取合谷ㆍ復溜, 俱瀉之, 大妙. 《綱目》

Translation영역
In cold damage where sweat will not come out, take Hapgok (合谷, LI4) and Bongnyu (復溜, KI7) and drain both — most excellent.
Clinical note임상 주석
Hapgok and Bongnyu — the pair every acupuncturist knows for sweating, drained to make it come and supplemented to make it stop. The chapter ends on the point combination it is best remembered for.

Gangmok 綱目

About this translation 凡例

Base text: Donguibogam (東醫寶鑑, 1613 first edition), Inner Landscape, Volume 2, Fluids chapter. The Chinese text is collated against the public-domain Wikisource transcription and a printed edition; original character forms (脉, 人參) are retained. Terminology follows Wiseman & Feng, A Practical Dictionary of Chinese Medicine. Translation and clinical notes are original to this site. — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.