Formulas · Release the Exterior 解表 · Boncho (本草)

Ephedra Decoction for the Pox That Turns Back

Mahwang-tang

한글 마황탕  ·  Pinyin Ma Huang Tang

麻黃湯

A homonym, not the formula already registered as mahwang-tang. That entry is Zhongjing's classic as the Bogam gives it in the Cold Damage chapter from Immun — ephedra 3 don with cinnamon twig, licorice and apricot kernel, plus ginger and scallion white, for taiyang cold damage with no sweating — and it carries Tao's six-drug variant as well. This leaf is a single drug at 5 don from Boncho, for a smallpox eruption that has turned back, and shares with the other only its chief and its name. Four drugs against one, a different source, a different disease and a different dose of the shared drug: the chapter tail -soa is taken, following the house rule. The transcription writes 黑鲩 and 𠍠; 陷 and 熱 are printed above.

Composition 構成

Total 20 g per packet (첩) · representative dosage — verify against source texts.

Received this formula from your practitioner? Amounts shown here are classical reference values — granule and prepared products differ. Always follow your prescribed dosage and directions.

Actions 效能

Indications 主治

Pattern-based

  • The pox turning back and sinking black (倒靨黑陷)

Biomedical correlates

  • Smallpox with the eruption failing to crust — historical
  • Haemorrhagic smallpox — historical

Source text 原文

Donguibogam 東醫寶鑑

治倒靨黑陷. 麻黃(去節) 五錢, 煎沸, 去上沫, 再煎去三分之一, 去滓, 乘熱服, 神效. 《本草》

Translation

Treats the pox that turns back and sinks black. Ephedra with the nodes removed, 5 don; decoct to a boil, skim off the froth on the surface, decoct again until a third of it is gone, strain off the dregs, and drink it while still hot — marvellously effective. — Boncho 本草 (Donguibogam · Soa)

Clinical commentary 臨床

Ephedra alone, five don of it, nodes stripped, boiled hard and skimmed and reduced by a third and drunk hot. The thinking is direct: the pox has gone back in, so force the exterior open and it must come out again. Ephedra is the strongest exterior-opening drug this tradition has, and giving it alone, undamped by cinnamon twig or licorice, is giving it for that one effect and nothing else. Skimming the froth and discarding the nodes are both from the old pharmacopoeia and both are meant to make it less harsh, which tells you how the drug was regarded. It would not have brought back a pox that had turned black. An eruption that fails to raise and darkens is bleeding into the skin, not a surface blocked from within, and sweating a child in that state removes fluid it cannot spare. 倒靨 — the pox failing to crust — was correctly read by this chapter as a grave sign; the inference that heat driven outward would reverse it was not. **Ephedra is the natural source of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, and this is five don, about 20 grams of the raw herb, decocted into a single dose for a child. Ephedrine raises heart rate and blood pressure and causes arrhythmias, and it has been banned from sale as a dietary supplement in several countries after deaths in healthy adults. The patient here is a small child who is critically ill and probably volume-depleted, and nothing in the leaf is measured against the child’s weight. This must not be prepared.** — Eui Young (Justin) Chung, L.Ac., Dipl. O.M.

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